1. Analysis
  2. The exploration
  3. Why logs
  4. What is required
  5. By jurisdiction
  6. Locating the actor
  7. For framework builders

Every jurisdiction, against the eight categories

282 jurisdictions, each with its own answer to the eight questions, the audit the law there expects, and the population the share tables weight it by.

  • 282jurisdictions
  • 2,611instruments in force
  • 258rows with an answer
  • 25queued for research

How much of this is measured. 2,563 of the 2,611 instruments in force across the four topics have been read for the logging question, covering 258 of 282 jurisdictions. Every cell below that says not researched is one we have not read yet, and it says nothing about the law there.

What the law expects of an audit is a separate question, answered by earlier work on a different wave, and it has been read for 257 jurisdictions. It sits on the same tables and moves on its own schedule, so a jurisdiction can carry an audit answer and no category answer, or the other way round.

25 instruments are queued for this question, first filed and covering 279 jurisdictions in Age assurance, AI, Privacy, Scraping.

Reading a row

yes
An instrument in force names logs, records or an audit trail outright.
partial
An instrument in force requires something that cannot be shown without a record, without naming one. The duty is real and its shape is not stated.
no duty
Every instrument in force in that topic has been read, and none of them asks for a record. This is a finding about the law.
not researched
We have not read the instruments for this question yet. This is a gap in our work and says nothing about the law.

A subnational row is marked as one. It is shown because the law there is real and a developer operating there is bound by it, and it is never added into a share on the requirements page, because the people it governs are already counted in their country's row.

The population figure is the one the shares are computed from, with the publisher and the year underneath it so a reader can check rather than take it. A jurisdiction we hold no population figure for says so, and it is counted in the jurisdiction column of the share tables and left out of the percentages, which is what keeps a missing figure visible instead of arriving as a zero.

258 of the 282 rows carry an answer to anything. Where a category column is still empty it says not researched rather than leaving a blank a reader would have to interpret.

The climate band is a slot rather than a column with data in it. It is kept here, saying it is unscored, because the slot is part of what this table is for review of: a band added later keys on the jurisdiction and the topic together, and a reader should be able to see now where it will sit.

Every jurisdiction's name links to its page in the law library, which carries the instruments behind the row, their citations, their status and their sources. A name is what the law library calls the jurisdiction rather than what the slug in a database says, and the flag beside it is the one the rest of the site draws for that jurisdiction.

Eleven columns. On a narrow screen the table scrolls sideways rather than reflowing, because a matrix whose columns have been stacked is no longer a matrix.

Jurisdiction A record at all Which system, which actor Where a person was What went in and out Why the outcome Which person, which jurisdiction Whether it can be trusted Kept how long, shown to whom Audit expected People Climate band
Afghanistan no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 43,844,111World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Alabama subnational partialno dutypartialpartialpartialno dutyno dutyno duty periodic 5,086,768US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Alaska subnational yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyyes no audit 735,706US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Albania yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyyesyesyes continuous 2,349,580World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Alberta subnational yesyesno dutypartialno dutyyesno dutyyes on request no figure not yet scored
Algeria yesyesno dutyno dutyno dutyyesno dutyyes continuous 47,435,312World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Andorra yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyyesno dutyyes on request 82,904World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Angola yesyesno dutyno dutyno dutyyesno dutyno duty on request 39,040,039World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Antigua and Barbuda no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 94,209World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Argentina partialno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutypartialno dutyno duty on request 45,851,378World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Arizona subnational no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 7,378,838US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Arkansas subnational no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 3,049,391US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Armenia no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty on request 3,086,700World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Australia yesno dutyno dutyno dutyyesno dutyno dutyyes on request 27,614,411World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Austria yesyespartialyesyesyesyesyes continuous 9,208,163World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Azerbaijan yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty on request 10,246,996World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Bahamas no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty on request 403,033World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Bahrain yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyyes on request 1,600,366World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Bangladesh partialno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutypartialno dutyno duty no audit 175,686,899World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Barbados yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutypartialyes continuous 282,623World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Belarus partialno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutypartialno dutypartial on request 9,085,991World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Belgium yesyespartialyesyesyesyesyes continuous 11,941,781World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Belize partialpartialno dutypartialpartialno dutyno dutypartial no audit 422,924World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Benin not researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researched not researched 14,814,460World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Bermuda partialno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutypartialno dutypartial on request 64,555World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Bhutan no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 796,682World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Bolivia no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 12,581,843World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Bosnia and Herzegovina yesyesno dutyno dutyno dutyyesyesyes continuous 3,140,095World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Botswana yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyyes on request 2,562,122World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Brazil yesno dutyno dutyno dutyyesyesno dutyyes periodic 212,812,405World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
British Columbia subnational partialno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutypartial on request no figure not yet scored
Brunei Darussalam partialno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutypartial no audit 466,330World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Bulgaria yesyespartialyesyesyesyesyes continuous 6,433,302World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Burkina Faso partialno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutypartial on request 24,074,580World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Burundi yesyesno dutyno dutypartialpartialno dutyyes periodic 14,390,003World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Cabo Verde yesyesno dutyno dutyno dutyyespartialyes continuous 527,326World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
California subnational yesyespartialpartialpartialyesyesyes periodic 39,287,377US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Cambodia not researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researched not researched 17,847,982World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Cameroon not researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researched not researched 29,879,337World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Canada yesyesyesyespartialyesyesyes continuous 41,651,653World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Cayman Islands no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 75,844World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Central African Republic yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyyes on request 5,513,282World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Chad partialno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutypartial no audit 21,003,705World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Chile yesyesno dutyno dutyno dutyyesno dutyno duty no audit 19,859,921World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
China yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyyesno dutyyes periodic 1,406,585,000World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
City and County of San Francisco subnational no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 830,235US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
City of Philadelphia subnational no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 1,579,706US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Colombia yesno dutyno dutyno dutyyesyesno dutyyes on request 53,425,635World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Colorado subnational yesno dutyno dutypartialyesyespartialyes continuous 5,862,189US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Comoros no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 882,847World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Connecticut subnational yesno dutyno dutypartialyespartialpartialyes continuous 3,624,508US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Cook Islands no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit no figure not yet scored
Costa Rica partialno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutypartialno dutypartial on request 5,152,950World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Croatia yesyespartialyesyesyesyesyes continuous 3,876,200World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Cuba no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty on request 10,937,203World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Cyprus yesyespartialyesyesyesyesyes continuous 1,370,754World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Czech Republic yesyespartialyesyesyesyesyes continuous 10,886,878World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Côte d'Ivoire no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 32,711,547World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Delaware subnational yesno dutyno dutyno dutyyesyesno dutyyes on request 1,021,191US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Democratic Republic of the Congo yesyesno dutyno dutyno dutyyesno dutyyes periodic 112,832,473World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Denmark yesyespartialyesyesyesyesyes continuous 6,009,169World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
District of Columbia subnational no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 681,294US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Djibouti yesyesno dutyno dutyno dutyyesno dutyyes on request 1,184,076World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Dominican Republic yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyyesno dutyyes on request 11,520,487World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Economic Community of West African States not researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researched not researched no figure not yet scored
Ecuador yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyyesyes continuous 18,289,896World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Egypt yesyesno dutyno dutyno dutyyesno dutyyes on request 118,365,995World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
El Salvador yespartialno dutyno dutypartialpartialno dutyyes on request 6,365,503World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Equatorial Guinea not researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researched not researched 1,938,431World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Eritrea not researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researched not researched 3,607,003World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Estonia yesyespartialyesyesyesyesyes continuous 1,366,475World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Eswatini yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutypartialno dutyyes on request 1,256,174World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Ethiopia yesyesno dutyno dutyno dutyyesno dutyyes on request 135,472,051World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Fiji not researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researched not researched 933,154World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Finland yesyespartialyesyesyesyesyes continuous 5,646,436World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Florida subnational yesno dutyno dutyno dutyyesno dutyno dutyyes on request 22,416,077US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
France yesyespartialyesyesyesyesyes continuous 68,720,337World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Gabon yesno dutyno dutyyesno dutyyesno dutyyes periodic 2,593,130World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Gambia no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 2,822,093World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Georgia yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 3,935,766World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Georgia subnational no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 10,940,407US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Germany yesyespartialyesyesyesyesyes continuous 83,491,249World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Ghana partialno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutypartialno dutypartial on request 35,064,272World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Goiás subnational no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit no figure not yet scored
Greece yesyespartialyesyesyesyesyes continuous 10,413,962World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Grenada no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 117,303World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Guam subnational not researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researched not researched 168,999World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Guatemala no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 18,687,881World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Guinea yesyesno dutyno dutyno dutyyesno dutyyes periodic 15,099,727World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Guyana not researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researched not researched 835,986World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Haiti no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 11,906,095World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Hawaii subnational partialno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutypartial no audit 1,445,235US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Honduras no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 11,005,850World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Hong Kong not researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researched not researched no figure not yet scored
Hungary yesyespartialyesyesyesyesyes continuous 9,514,251World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Iceland yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyyesno dutyyes on request 392,404World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Idaho subnational yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyyespartialyes continuous 1,934,262US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Illinois subnational yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutypartialno dutyyes periodic 12,694,798US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
India yesyesyesyesno dutyyesyesyes periodic 1,463,865,525World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Indiana subnational yesno dutyno dutypartialyesno dutyno dutyyes on request 6,851,073US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Indonesia yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyyesyes continuous 285,721,236World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Iowa subnational yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyyesno dutyyes on request 3,210,507US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Iran not researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researched not researched 92,417,681World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Iraq no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty periodic 47,020,774World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Ireland yesyespartialyesyesyesyesyes continuous 5,484,367World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Israel yesyesno dutyno dutyno dutyyesyesyes periodic 10,122,800World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Italy yesyespartialyesyesyesyesyes continuous 58,915,656World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Jamaica yesyesyesyesno dutyno dutyno dutyyes periodic 2,837,077World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Japan yesno dutyno dutyyesno dutyyesno dutyyes on request 123,366,734World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Jordan yesyesyesyesno dutyyesyesyes continuous 11,520,684World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Kansas subnational no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 2,947,197US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Kazakhstan yesno dutypartialno dutypartialpartialno dutypartial on request 20,843,754World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Kentucky subnational yesno dutyno dutyno dutyyesyesno dutyyes on request 4,534,824US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Kenya yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutypartialno duty continuous 57,532,493World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Kiribati yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyyes on request 136,488World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Kosovo yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyyes on request 1,576,876World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Kuwait not researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researched not researched 4,865,298World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Kyrgyzstan yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyyesno duty continuous 7,343,064World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Laos no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 7,873,046World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Latvia yesyespartialyesyesyesyesyes continuous 1,847,785World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Lebanon yesyesno dutypartialno dutyyesno dutyyes on request 5,849,421World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Lesotho yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyyes on request 2,363,325World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Liberia partialno dutyno dutypartialno dutypartialno dutypartial on request 5,731,206World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Libya no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 7,458,555World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Liechtenstein yesyesno dutyno dutyyesyesno dutyyes on request 41,024World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Lithuania yesyespartialyesyesyesyesyes continuous 2,888,774World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Louisiana subnational yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyyes on request 4,611,961US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Luxembourg yesyespartialyesyesyesyesyes continuous 686,970World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Madagascar yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyyes on request 32,740,678World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Maine subnational no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 1,387,817US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Malawi no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 22,216,120World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Malaysia yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty on request 35,977,838World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Maldives no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 529,676World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Mali partialno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutypartial on request 25,198,821World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Malta yesyespartialyesyesyesyesyes continuous 579,704World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Manitoba subnational yesyesno dutyno dutyno dutyyesno dutyyes periodic no figure not yet scored
Marshall Islands yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyyes on request 36,282World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Maryland subnational yesno dutypartialpartialyesyespartialyes continuous 6,206,011US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Massachusetts subnational no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 7,044,056US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Mauritania yesyesno dutyno dutyno dutyyesno dutypartial on request 5,315,065World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Mauritius yesyesno dutyyesno dutyyesno dutypartial periodic 1,243,741World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Mexico yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutypartialno dutyyes on request 131,946,900World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Michigan subnational yesyesno dutyyesno dutyno dutyno dutyyes on request 10,077,761US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Micronesia not researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researched not researched 113,683World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Minnesota subnational yesno dutyno dutypartialyesyesno dutyyes periodic 5,739,445US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Mississippi subnational yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyyes on request 2,946,779US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Missouri subnational yesno dutyno dutyno dutyyesno dutyno dutyyes no audit 6,191,814US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Moldova yesno dutyno dutyyesno dutyyesno dutyyes on request 2,360,527World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Monaco yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyyesno dutyyes on request 38,341World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Mongolia yesno dutyno dutyno dutyyesyesyesyes continuous 3,568,978World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Montana subnational yesno dutyno dutyno dutyyesyespartialyes continuous 1,116,875US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Montenegro yesyesno dutyno dutyno dutyyesno dutyyes on request 623,129World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Morocco no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 38,430,770World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Mozambique no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 35,631,653World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Myanmar no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 54,850,648World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Namibia no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 3,092,816World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Nauru partialno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutypartial no audit 12,025World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Nebraska subnational yesno dutyno dutyno dutyyesyesno dutyyes on request 1,978,707US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Nepal no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 29,618,118World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Netherlands yesyespartialyesyesyesyesyes continuous 18,087,633World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Nevada subnational yesno dutypartialpartialno dutyyespartialyes continuous 3,184,612US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
New Brunswick subnational yesyesno dutyno dutyyesyesno dutyyes on request no figure not yet scored
New Hampshire subnational yesno dutyno dutyno dutyyesyesno dutyyes on request 1,394,868US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
New Jersey subnational yesno dutyno dutypartialyesno dutyno dutyyes on request 9,343,809US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
New Mexico subnational no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 2,120,246US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
New York subnational yesno dutyno dutyno dutyyespartialno dutyyes on request 19,852,366US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
New Zealand no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty on request 5,324,700World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Newfoundland and Labrador subnational yesno dutyno dutyyesno dutyno dutyno dutyyes on request no figure not yet scored
Nicaragua yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty on request 7,007,502World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Niger not researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researched not researched 27,917,831World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Nigeria yesno dutyno dutyyesyesyespartialyes continuous 237,527,782World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
North Carolina subnational yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyyesno dutyno duty on request 10,730,404US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
North Dakota subnational no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 784,841US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
North Korea no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 26,571,036World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
North Macedonia yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyyesyesyes continuous 1,820,909World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Northern Mariana Islands subnational no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty on request 43,541World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Northwest Territories subnational yesyesno dutyno dutyno dutyyesno dutyno duty no audit no figure not yet scored
Norway yesyesno dutyyesno dutyno dutyyesyes continuous 5,610,870World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Nova Scotia subnational yesno dutyno dutypartialno dutyno dutyno dutyyes no audit no figure not yet scored
Nunavut subnational no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit no figure not yet scored
Ohio subnational no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 11,810,293US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Oklahoma subnational yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutypartialno dutyyes on request 4,028,634US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Oman yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyyesno dutyno duty on request 5,494,691World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Ontario subnational yesyesno dutyno dutyno dutyyesyesyes continuous no figure not yet scored
Oregon subnational yesno dutyno dutyno dutyyesno dutyno dutyyes on request 4,254,293US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Pakistan no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 255,219,554World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Palau not researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researched not researched 17,663World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Panama yesyesno dutyno dutyno dutyyesno dutyyes on request 4,571,189World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Papua New Guinea not researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researched not researched 10,762,817World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Paraguay partialno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutypartialno dutypartial on request 7,013,078World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Pennsylvania subnational yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyyesno dutyyes on request 13,018,639US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Peru yesyesno dutyno dutyno dutyyespartialyes continuous 34,576,665World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Philippines partialno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutypartialno dutypartial no audit 116,786,962World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Poland yesyespartialyesyesyesyesyes continuous 36,435,861World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Portugal yesyespartialyesyesyesyesyes continuous 10,804,871World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Prince Edward Island subnational yesyesno dutyno dutyno dutyyesno dutyyes no audit no figure not yet scored
Puerto Rico subnational no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 3,234,309US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Qatar no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 2,972,215World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Quebec subnational yesno dutyno dutypartialyesno dutyno dutyyes periodic no figure not yet scored
Republic of the Congo no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty not researched 6,484,437World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Rhode Island subnational yesno dutyno dutyno dutyyespartialno dutyyes on request 1,101,801US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Romania yesyespartialyesyesyesyesyes continuous 19,020,271World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Russia yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyyespartialyes continuous 143,513,328World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Rwanda yesyesno dutyno dutyno dutyyesno dutyyes on request 14,569,341World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Saint Kitts and Nevis no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 46,922World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Saint Lucia no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 180,149World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 99,924World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Samoa yespartialno dutyno dutyno dutypartialno dutyyes on request 219,306World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
San Marino yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyyesyesyes continuous 34,109World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Sao Tome and Principe no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 240,254World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Saskatchewan subnational yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyyesno dutyyes on request no figure not yet scored
Saudi Arabia yesno dutyno dutyyesno dutyyesno dutyyes on request 36,973,555World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Senegal not researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researched not researched 18,931,966World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Serbia yesyesno dutyno dutyyesyesno dutyyes on request 6,549,143World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Seychelles yesyesno dutyno dutyyesyesno dutyyes on request 122,730World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Sierra Leone no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 8,819,794World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Singapore partialno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutypartialno dutypartial on request 6,111,175World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Slovakia yesyespartialyesyesyesyesyes continuous 5,413,813World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Slovenia yesyespartialyesyesyesyesyes continuous 2,130,986World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Solomon Islands partialno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutypartial no audit 838,645World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Somalia not researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researched not researched 19,654,739World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
South Africa yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyyesno dutyyes on request 64,747,319World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
South Carolina subnational partialno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutypartial periodic 5,296,225US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
South Dakota subnational yesno dutyno dutyno dutyyesno dutyno dutyyes no audit 907,428US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
South Korea yesyespartialyespartialyesyesyes periodic 51,684,564World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
South Sudan no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 12,188,788World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Spain yesyespartialyesyesyesyesyes continuous 49,355,143World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Sri Lanka no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 21,756,000World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
State of Palestine no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 5,413,596World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Sudan not researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researched not researched 51,662,147World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Suriname not researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researched not researched 639,850World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Sweden yesyespartialyesyesyesyesyes continuous 10,596,620World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Switzerland yesyesno dutyno dutyno dutyyesyesyes on request 9,092,436World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Syria yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyyesno dutyyes periodic 25,620,427World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Taiwan yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyyes periodic 23,299,000IMF, 2025 not yet scored
Tajikistan partialno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutypartialno dutyno duty no audit 10,786,734World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Tanzania yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutypartialyespartial continuous 70,545,865World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Tennessee subnational yesyesno dutyno dutyyesyesno dutyyes on request 7,066,383US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Texas subnational yesno dutyno dutypartialyesyesno dutyyes periodic 30,188,424US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Thailand yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyyes on request 71,619,863World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Timor-Leste no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 1,418,517World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Togo not researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researched not researched 8,591,626World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Tonga no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 103,742World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Trinidad and Tobago partialno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutypartial on request 1,367,764World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Tunisia yesyesno dutyno dutyno dutyyesno dutyno duty on request 12,348,573World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Turkey no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 85,878,556World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Turkmenistan partialno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutypartialno dutyno duty no audit 7,618,847World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Tuvalu no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 9,492World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
U.S. Virgin Islands subnational not researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researched not researched 103,792World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Uganda no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 51,384,894World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Ukraine no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty on request 38,980,376World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
United Arab Emirates yesno dutyno dutyyesno dutyyesno dutyyes periodic 11,513,149World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
United Kingdom yesyesno dutyno dutyyesno dutyyesyes continuous 69,487,000World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
United States yesyesno dutyyespartialyesyesyes continuous 341,784,857World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Uruguay partialno dutyno dutyno dutypartialpartialno dutypartial no audit 3,384,688World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
us/ca/berkeley subnational no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 120,257US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
us/ca/san-diego subnational no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 1,389,526US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
us/ca/santa-monica subnational no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 91,169US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
us/md/baltimore subnational not researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researched not researched 573,243US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
us/md/rockville subnational not researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researchednot researched not researched 67,671US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
us/mn/minneapolis subnational no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 427,246US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
us/nj/hoboken subnational no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 58,668US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
us/nj/jersey-city subnational no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 294,078US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
us/ny/new-york-city subnational yesyesno dutyyesyesno dutyno dutyyes periodic 8,483,844US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
us/or/portland subnational no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 641,165US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
us/ri/providence subnational no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 191,767US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
us/wa/seattle subnational no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 754,195US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Utah subnational yesno dutyno dutypartialpartialyesno dutypartial periodic 3,392,331US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Uzbekistan yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyyesno dutyno duty no audit 37,053,428World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Vanuatu partialno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutypartialno dutyno duty on request 335,169World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Vatican City yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyyes on request no figure not yet scored
Venezuela no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 28,516,896World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Vermont subnational yesyesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty periodic 647,106US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Vietnam yesno dutyno dutyyesno dutyno dutyyesyes continuous 101,598,527World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Virginia subnational yesno dutyno dutyno dutyyesyesno dutyyes on request 8,705,170US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Washington subnational yesyesno dutyyesno dutyyesno dutyyes no audit 7,816,116US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
West Virginia subnational no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 1,778,373US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Wisconsin subnational no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 5,914,872US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Wyoming subnational no dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno duty no audit 582,397US Census Bureau, 2024 not yet scored
Yukon subnational yesyesno dutyno dutyno dutyyesno dutypartial no audit no figure not yet scored
Zambia yesno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyno dutyyes on request 21,913,874World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
Zimbabwe yesno dutyno dutyno dutypartialno dutyno dutyyes continuous 16,950,795World Bank, 2025 not yet scored
  1. Analysis
  2. The exploration
  3. Why logs
  4. What is required
  5. By jurisdiction
  6. Locating the actor
  7. For framework builders

LexLint is a research index and a lint, not a lawyer. These pages describe published law as read on the date beside each figure, and set out what would have to be recorded to show it was followed. They do not apply that law to any product, project or organization, and they are not a certification, an assurance or a compliance program. Whether a duty reaches a particular system, and what to do about it, is a question for counsel.

The instruments behind every figure are on the LexLint law library, indexed by jurisdiction and dated on every row. The terms these pages share are defined in the LexLint glossary.