Law / Maldives

Maldives

9 of 14 named instruments researched to a stage, across three of the ten areas of law we track: 3 in force and 6 proposed. As of .

  1. AI law
  2. Privacy law 6
  3. Scraping law 2
  4. Cybersecurity law
  5. Communications law not researched
  6. Content moderation law not researched
  7. Product and AI liability law not researched
  8. Digital accessibility law not researched
  9. Age gating law
  10. Reuse law 1

in forcenot yet in forceblocked by a courtproposedno longer in force

Privacy law6 instruments, 6 proposed

Research summary (119 words)

No comprehensive personal-data or biometric-privacy law is currently binding law in the Maldives. Secondary sources describe a "Data Protection Act" dated around 2017, but that instrument has no Act number and no gazette citation of record, so whether it exists as law is an open question rather than a settled absence, and it is not carried as an instrument here.

A separate, government-backed Personal Data Protection Bill, a complete General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)-shaped draft covering controller/processor obligations, special categories of personal data, a Data Protection Authority, 72-hour breach notification, and cross-border transfer conditions, was submitted to the People's Majlis on , per a dated Maldivian news report, and it had not passed a chamber as of the most recent reporting.

Breach notification

Maldives Personal Data Protection Bill, personal data breach notification

Personal Data Protection Bill, section 34 (personal data breach notification)draft bill text hosted at mifps.com.mv, not an official government publication

Proposed. proposed Not law. It binds no one unless it is enacted.

Binds public and private bodies.

What this law does

Section 34(a) would require the Controller to notify both the Data Protection Authority and the affected data subjects within seventy-two hours upon knowledge of, or a reasonable belief in, a personal data breach, where the breach involves special categories of personal data or any personal data that could be used to enable identity theft or fraud and the further elements the section lists are present.

The same subsection restates the duty to the Authority alone in the same terms and on the same seventy-two-hour period, counted from the receipt of knowledge of or a reasonable belief that a breach has occurred. The Bill's own text carries no Act number and no record of ratification or gazette publication. The Bill was submitted to the People's Majlis on .

What it requires

Comprehensive regime

Personal Data Protection Bill, pending before the People's Majlis

Personal Data Protection Bill, chapters 1-3, 5 and 10 (introduction, the Authority, principles, security and miscellaneous provisions)draft bill text hosted at mifps.com.mv, not an official government publication

Proposed. proposed Not law. It binds no one unless it is enacted.

Binds public and private bodies.

What this law does

Section 3 would apply the Bill to the processing of all types of personal data by a Controller or Processor in both the public and private sectors within the Maldives, including processing equipment located there and anyone maintaining an Authority, branch or agency there, and to the processing of the personal data of data subjects located in the Maldives.

Chapter 2 would establish a Data Protection Authority, regulated as a part of the National Center for Information Technology and responsible for the administration and enforcement of the Bill. A news report on the submitted Bill instead describes a Privacy Commissioner whose functions the Information Commissioner appointed under the Right to Information Act would carry out.

Section 14 would set the principles: collection for specific, explicit and legitimate purposes declared before collection and no further processing incompatible with them, lawful, impartial and transparent processing, data adequate, relevant and necessary to those purposes, data accurate and kept up to date with inaccurate or outdated data erased or rectified without delay, retention in identifiable form no longer than the purpose needs, and processing that ensures appropriate security against unauthorized or unlawful processing and against accidental loss, destruction or damage using appropriate technical, physical or organizational measures.

Chapter 5 would carry the security duties and chapter 10 the miscellaneous provisions, including technological neutrality and the definitions the rest of the Bill turns on. The Bill's own text carries no Act number and no record of ratification or gazette publication. The Bill was submitted to the People's Majlis on .

What it requires

Cross border transfer

Maldives Personal Data Protection Bill, cross-border transfers

Personal Data Protection Bill, chapters 7-8 (personal data transfers and cross-border transfers)draft bill text hosted at mifps.com.mv, not an official government publication

Proposed. proposed Not law. It binds no one unless it is enacted.

Binds public and private bodies.

What this law does

Section 43 would require a cross-border data transfer by a Controller to be carried out on the conditions the Act specifies.

Section 44 would let a Controller or Processor transfer personal data to a jurisdiction outside the Maldives only where it has provided appropriate safeguards, and only on condition that enforceable data subject rights and effective legal remedies are available there; the safeguards would be the corporate process the Bill describes and an agreement with the receiving entity carrying a data protection process the Data Protection Authority endorses, with the Authority formulating the process by regulation.

Section 45 would let the Authority approve binding corporate rules and fixes what they must specify, including the structure and contact details of the group, the transfers and categories of data concerned, and their legally binding nature. The Bill's own text carries no Act number and no record of ratification or gazette publication. The Bill was submitted to the People's Majlis on .

What it requires

Data subject rights

Maldives Personal Data Protection Bill, rights of data subjects

Personal Data Protection Bill, chapter 4 (rights of data subjects)draft bill text hosted at mifps.com.mv, not an official government publication

Proposed. proposed Not law. It binds no one unless it is enacted.

Binds public and private bodies.

What this law does

Chapter 4 would carry the rights of data subjects, opening on the general provisions that govern how they are exercised and running through the right to be informed about the processing, to obtain access to the personal data held, to have it corrected where it is inaccurate or incomplete, to have it erased, to restrict its processing, to receive it in a portable form, and to object to processing including profiling.

Section 55 would give every person a right to compensation for damage caused by a breach of the Act, which the enforcement row carries. The Bill's own text carries no Act number and no record of ratification or gazette publication. The Bill was submitted to the People's Majlis on .

What it requires

Enforcement supervision

Maldives Personal Data Protection Bill, investigation, enforcement and compensation

Personal Data Protection Bill, chapter 9 and sections 52-55 (investigation, enforcement and compensation)draft bill text hosted at mifps.com.mv, not an official government publication

Proposed. proposed Not law. It binds no one unless it is enacted.

Binds public and private bodies.

What this law does

Section 46 would give any person the right to lodge a complaint with the Data Protection Authority about an alleged infringement of their rights, and section 47 would give the Authority the right to investigate, including to enter premises, search and copy documents and interview people, while letting it halt, suspend or decline an investigation in the cases it lists and requiring investigation records to be kept for at least five years.

Section 52 would let the Authority order processing to stop temporarily or permanently where it determines that sharing personal data across borders threatens national security or the stability of society, and section 53 would let it exempt a person or category from part of the Act.

Section 54 would require the Authority to impose administrative penalties including fines, on top of any other sanction, weighing the nature, scope and duration of the conduct and the harm caused, whether it was intentional or negligent, the steps taken to mitigate it, the responsibility assumed, any prior breaches, the degree of cooperation, the categories of data and groups affected, the timeliness and completeness of the notifications made, any previous enforcement, and the financial impact.

Section 55 would give every person a right to compensation for damage caused by a breach of the Act. The Bill's own text carries no Act number and no record of ratification or gazette publication. The Bill was submitted to the People's Majlis on .

What it requires

Sensitive categories

Maldives Personal Data Protection Bill, special categories of personal data

Personal Data Protection Bill, section 17 and the section 56 definition (special categories of personal data)draft bill text hosted at mifps.com.mv, not an official government publication

Proposed. proposed Not law. It binds no one unless it is enacted.

Binds public and private bodies.

What this law does

Section 17 would prohibit the processing of special categories of personal data except in the instances it lists, beginning with the data subject's explicit consent to one or more specified purposes.

The Bill's definition of Special Categories of Personal Data would take in personal data revealing racial or ethnic origin, political opinions or philosophical beliefs, trade union membership, genetic data, biometric data for the purpose of uniquely identifying a natural person, data concerning health, and data concerning a natural person's sex life or sexual orientation.

Section 16 would treat a child's position as a reason the interests and fundamental rights of the data subject override a legitimate interest relied on for processing. The Bill's own text carries no Act number and no record of ratification or gazette publication. The Bill was submitted to the People's Majlis on .

What it requires

Scraping law2 instruments, 2 in force

Research summary (330 words)

Maldives has no scraping-specific statute.

The Copyright and Related Rights Act (Law No. 23/2010, current text amended through Act No. 31/2024, in effect from , though the only English translation located covers the original 2010 version) permits reusing a small amount of a published work as a quotation, fairly and to no greater extent than the activity requires, with the author's name, the source and the manner of publication stated where the work shows the author's name, and permits reproducing a newspaper or periodical article on current economic, social or religious topics, or a short excerpt of a work for reporting a current event, with the author identified and the source disclosed as far as possible, the article exception applying only where the author or copyright owner has not stated in advance that the work may not be used without permission.

Section 29-4, added by Act No. 31/2024, permits a person who is permitted to use a work to copy it solely for a study not for commercial advantage, to make a computational analysis of the data recorded in the work, and the Act's exception for private reproduction for personal purposes expressly excludes reproduction of the whole or a substantial part of a database in digital form.

Collections of data are protected as derivative works only where they are original in their selection or arrangement, mere data and ideas receive no protection at all even where embodied in a work, so Maldives protects a database only as a compilation under general copyright rather than through a sui generis database right.

Computer-misuse and unauthorized-access law, terms-of-service enforceability, unfair competition or misappropriation doctrine, and the legal weight of a robots.txt directive are not addressed here, because no primary text for the Information and Communication Technology Act 2017 or the Penal Code's computer-access provisions could be located.

Personal-data reach over scraped public data is addressed under this jurisdiction's own privacy-topic record, where no comprehensive personal-data statute is confirmed currently in force.

Reuse law1 instrument, 1 in force

Research summary (242 words)

Maldives has no press-publisher neighbouring right, no compelled platform-to-publisher bargaining regime, no hot-news or misappropriation doctrine, and no statute or reported case addressing whether linking to or framing a publisher's page is an act requiring authorization.

The Copyright and Related Rights Act (Law No. 23/2010, current text amended through Act No. 31/2024, in effect from , though the only English translation located covers the original 2010 version) permits reusing a small amount of a published work as a quotation, fairly and to no greater extent than the activity requires, with the author's name, the source and the manner of publication stated where the work shows the author's name.

It separately permits reproducing a newspaper or periodical article on current economic, social or religious topics, or a short excerpt of a work for reporting a current event, with the author identified and the source disclosed as far as possible, and, for the newspaper-article exception, only where the author or copyright owner has not stated in advance that the work may not be used without permission.

Section 29-4, added by Act No. 31/2024, permits a person who is permitted to use a work to copy it solely for a study not for commercial advantage, to make a computational analysis of the data recorded in the work. The Act creates no machine-readable opt-out mechanism, so an aggregator's indexing of news content is governed by the ordinary reproduction right subject only to these exceptions.

Where nothing was found3 areas of law

These areas of law were researched here and no instrument was recorded. Each finding says what the research checked, as of the date under it. It describes our search, not a guarantee that no such law exists.

AI law

Maldives has no AI-transparency, AI-risk-obligations, AI-training-data, AI-governance, or AI-sector-rules statute in force, and no criminal ban reaching AI-generated or deepfake content specifically.

The Penal Code, the Criminal Procedure Code, and the Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Act were amended around December 2024 to align the Maldives with the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime; the Penal Code's cybercrime offenses include unauthorized computer access, unauthorized interception and interference of computer data, misuse of devices, child pornography, revenge pornography, cyberstalking, sextortion, and computer-related forgery and fraud, and the Criminal Procedure Code amendment gives law-enforcement agencies electronic-evidence powers (subscriber information, content information, traffic data, preservation and production orders), but no deepfake, AI-generated, or automated-system provision has been located within them.

The Child Rights Protection Act (Law No. 19/2019) recognizes every child's right to protection from being involved in the making or production of indecent images, a right rather than a criminal prohibition reaching a maker or distributor, and it is not extended to a computer-generated, AI-generated, or otherwise synthetic depiction.

The National AI Masterplan 2025-2035, announced by the President on and led by the National Centre for Information Technology under the Ministry of Homeland Security and Technology, is a strategic policy framework covering AI governance, risk management, talent development, and a future legal framework for AI, but it is currently a draft policy that does not itself impose a binding duty on a developer or deployer of an AI system.

As of .

Cybersecurity law

No enacted statute or regulation was located that sets security requirements a software product or connected device must meet to be placed on the market in the Maldives, creates a duty to report a vulnerability or a security incident to an authority, establishes a sector cyber-resilience regime reaching a software or platform provider, or imposes a general reasonable-security or information-security-programme duty on a business holding covered data with no sector gate.

A title, the Information and Communication Technology Act 2017, has been named in prior research on this jurisdiction without a citation, but no Act number, gazette citation, or working government-hosted text is located for it here.

It does not appear among the 37 legislative texts the World Intellectual Property Organization's WIPO Lex database catalogues for the Maldives, a list that extends past core intellectual-property statutes to the Constitution, the Companies Act, and consumer-protection and cable-television instruments.

It is absent from the Communications Authority of Maldives's own published laws, the Communications Authority of Maldives Act (Law No. 2015/42) and a separate Telecommunications Act, both Dhivehi-language telecommunications-licensing statutes for which no English translation is located and whose substantive content is accordingly not described here.

It does not appear on the National Centre for Information Technology's own site, current or in Internet Archive captures of that site from 2004 through 2017, whose "IT Security" section offered only security guidelines and security alerts, an advisory function with no statute cited; the domain no longer resolves on its own and, per a 2024 capture, now redirects to the Maldives government's unified web portal, for which no working page was located here.

The People's Majlis's own legislative site, the remaining channel that could hold the text, presents a CAPTCHA challenge and is not read here. A separate pass over this jurisdiction's scraping-topic law independently reports the same gap for the same title. Its existence is accordingly an open question, not a confirmed absence, the posture this jurisdiction's privacy row already takes toward a separately named "Data Protection Act 2017" title.

No national computer emergency response team established by binding legislation is confirmed either: a domain sometimes associated with a Maldives national CERT, cert.mv, does not resolve, and the National Centre for Information Technology, the agency that ran the advisory security-guidance function described above, now sits under the Ministry of Homeland Security and Technology per this jurisdiction's AI row, with no cybersecurity-specific statute located for it here.

Whether the Maldives Monetary Authority has issued a binding information-technology-risk or cybersecurity directive for licensed financial institutions, the kind of bound party this profile otherwise treats as deferred and role-inexpressible, is not confirmed here: the Authority's regulatory-framework and circulars listings are served by a script-rendered application whose content is not captured in the pages retrieved.

This jurisdiction's privacy row already covers the separate question of a comprehensive personal-data statute and a pending Personal Data Protection Bill submitted to the People's Majlis in 2026; it is not restated here. The Penal Code's computer-access provisions, amended around December 2024, bind an intruder rather than an operator or manufacturer and are recorded on this jurisdiction's scraping row instead.

As of .

Age gating law

Maldives has no adult-content age-verification law, social-media minor-access restriction, app-store age-verification requirement, or age-appropriate design code. The Broadcasting Act (Law No. 16/2010) was substantially amended, and the Maldives Broadcasting Commission it created was reconstituted as the Maldives Media and Broadcasting Commission, by the Maldives Media and Broadcasting Regulation Act (Law No. 16/2025), ratified .

Under the amended Broadcasting Act's Code of Practice, a licensed broadcaster must classify programs and films according to the recommended age and protect the rights and dignity of children, and content depicting a sexual act or a sexual organ may not be aired at all, but these are broadcast content-standards and classification duties addressed to a licensed broadcaster, not an age-verification or access-gating duty triggered by a viewer's age, and neither the Act nor its Code of Practice reaches a social-media platform, an app store, or an on-demand or online service.

The Child Rights Protection Act (Law No. 19/2019), art. 33(b), bars publishing, in any media, a name, address, place-of-education information, any other information that could directly or indirectly identify a child, or a child's photograph, where the child is a suspect, a victim of crime, or otherwise in need of care or protection, a media-confidentiality protection for at-risk children rather than an age-verification or age-gating duty.

As of .

Case law

  • No current case law for Maldives AI law
  • No current case law for Maldives privacy law
  • No current case law for Maldives scraping law
  • No current case law for Maldives cybersecurity law
  • No current case law for Maldives communications law
  • No current case law for Maldives content moderation law
  • No current case law for Maldives product and AI liability law
  • No current case law for Maldives digital accessibility law
  • No current case law for Maldives age gating law
  • No current case law for Maldives reuse law

Reporting clocks that run here1 instrument

The instruments whose obligation lines set a deadline for reporting an incident, a vulnerability or a personal-data breach, each deadline read from the sentence that carries it and listed shortest first. The law of the Maldives comes first, then the law of the bodies above it that applies here.

Each flag is one law, and a link to it. Read down the scale: the clocks document's time axis, with the empty stretches shortened so the deadlines sit close. Flags on one line set the same duty at the same deadline, and the laws behind them are named to the right, with what each clock counts from.

72 hours
Breach notificationprivacy law
The deadlines above on one time axis, shortest at the top. The axis keeps its order and, between neighbors, its proportion, but a stretch with no deadline on it is shortened, so the hour marks on the left are what say how far apart two stations really are. Beside each action, the laws that set it, what each counts from, and a status where the law is not yet in force. The List tab has the same data in full, with the sentences.

The law of the Maldives

72 hours

Maldives Personal Data Protection Bill, personal data breach notification

Personal Data Protection Bill, section 34 (personal data breach notification)privacy law, proposed

The sentences the clocks are read from

A Controller must notify the Data Protection Authority within 72 hours of coming to know of, or reasonably believing in, a personal data breach involving special categories of personal data or data that could enable identity theft or fraud.

The same section requires the affected data subjects to be told, on the same seventy-two-hour period and on the same trigger.

Which of these one incident starts turns on the facts: the incident method works that through. The clocks document draws every clock in the LexLint law library on one axis, with the sentence beside every rung.

Drafted with AI

Drafted with AI from the cited sources under the direction of UnGovr staff. UnGovr holds editorial responsibility for this page. How this site is made

This page covers the instruments LexLint has researched to a stage. Instruments named in the law library but not yet researched are counted in the head and are not listed here. Every entry carries its own primary source on its note page. This is a research index, not legal advice.