NIST AI RMF, MapMAP 4.1

Do not access a computer system or data of restricted access without due authorization, or by exceeding the authorization held.

Do not access an Arizona-connected computer, computer system, or network without authority or in excess of your authorization; paragraph 8 criminalizes bare unauthorized access even without any intent to defraud, damage, or disrupt.

Do not access a computer, computer system, or network operated by the state, a political subdivision, a health care provider, or a clinical laboratory to obtain information required by law to be kept confidential or records that are not public records.

Do not access, or cause to be accessed, a computer, computer system, or computer network to devise or execute a scheme to defraud or extort, or to obtain money, property, or a service through a false or fraudulent intent, representation, or promise.

Do not intentionally and without authorization access, alter, delete, damage, destroy, or disrupt a computer, computer system, computer network, computer program, or data.

Do not knowingly and without authorization use, access, attempt to access, or cause access to be gained to a computer, system, network, telecommunications device, telecommunications service, or information service.

Do not penetrate a computer, computer system or network without permission arising from law, contract or other legitimate basis; reading a public, unauthenticated page has not been held to fall within this prohibition, since the offence also requires that the access negligently cause destruction, alteration, damage or copying of data or other material harm.

Do not intercept or appropriate computer data that is not intended for general use, without permission under law, contract or other legitimate basis, for the purpose of using it or making it available to others; data a service makes available for general, public use falls outside a plain reading of this provision.

Do not cause access to, or modification of, data held in a computer where that data is restricted by an access control system and you are not entitled to cause the access, knowing the access is unauthorised.

Do not overcome a computer system's specific security measure to gain access, if your purpose is to obtain personal data protected by a secrecy interest, or to use the accessed data or system to harm another, per StGB Section 118a.

Do not intentionally access a computer system, or any part of it, without the right to do so or by violating its security measures, with intent to seize the data stored there or for personal purposes.

Do not intentionally intercept, by technical means, computer data not intended for general use that is transmitted to, from, or within a computer system, without the right to do so.

Do not cause a computer to perform any function to secure access to a program or data without being entitled to control that access or having the consent of someone who is.

Do not modify computer material, intercept a computer service, or obstruct the use of a computer without authority.

Do not gain illegal entry into a computer, digital device, computer system, or computer network, and do not assist another person to do so; a higher penalty applies where the entry is for the purpose of committing an offence, and a further higher penalty applies where the entry results in the theft, destruction, or alteration of information, or in an AI agent generating new data through that access.

Do not gain access to a computer system, cause a programme to execute, or copy, move, alter, or erase data, knowingly or recklessly and without lawful excuse or justification.

Do not access a computer system or the information it holds by defeating or circumventing a protection or security measure, whether for gain or where doing so negligently causes substantial harm.

Do not copy, intercept, or otherwise unlawfully acquire computer information causing substantial harm, even without defeating a protection measure.

Do not access or remain in a computer system knowing you are not authorised to do so.

Do not exceed your own access rights to a computer system with a fraudulent intent or an intent to harm.

Do not access a computer system of another person without authorisation, in excess of authorisation, or by infringing a security measure, and do not continue to exceed authorised access once it is withdrawn.

Do not access, or remain present in, a computer system without right; the penalty escalates where the access or presence is aggravated by fraudulent intent, exceeds an authorized level of access with fraudulent intent or intent to harm, results in data being suppressed or modified, or is committed in violation of the system's security measures.

Do not intercept, divulge, use, alter, or misappropriate computer data during its non-public transmission to, from, or within a computer system.

Do not cause a computer to perform any function to secure access to a program or data without being entitled to control that access or having the consent of someone who is, and knowing the access is unauthorised.

Do not access a computer, computer system, network, or computer, content, or traffic data without authorization; unauthorized access is a felony of the fourth degree regardless of resulting damage, and the person is liable to pay court-determined compensation to the victim.

Do not appropriate, access, use, modify, suppress, or disable data stored on a computer or other computer medium without authorization, where doing so harms the data's owner.

Do not access, or attempt to access, all or part of a computer or computer system knowing the access is unauthorised, and do not cause a computer system to perform a function as a result of such unauthorised access.

Do not secure or intend to secure access to a computer system for the purpose of obtaining a computer service, and do not intercept a function of or data within a computer system, without authorisation or beyond the authorisation given.

Do not invade a computing device, connected to a network or not, to obtain, alter, or destroy data or information without the device user's authorization, or to install a vulnerability to obtain an unlawful advantage.

Do not cause a computer to perform a function for the purpose of securing access to a program or data without authority, meaning without the entitlement to control that access and without the consent of a person who holds that entitlement.

Do not unlawfully access an information system or a part of it; a non-immaterial unauthorized access carries imprisonment of up to six years under Article 319a(1), rising with aggravating circumstances.

Do not unlawfully add, copy, use, change, transfer, delete, damage, degrade, hide or destroy computer data in an information system, or stop access to such data, in a case that is not immaterial.

Do not access, or remain present in, a computer system without right; a heavier penalty applies where the access or continued presence results in data being suppressed, modified, or altered.

Do not intercept a non-public data transmission to, from, or inside a computer system without right.

Do not access a computer system without legal permission or authorization from its owner or another rights holder, and do not produce, sell, distribute, or introduce a device, program, or code intended to produce that unauthorised access.

Do not continue accessing a California site, or circumvent a technical block, after the operator has sent a cease-and-desist notice (Facebook v. Power Ventures, 9th Cir. 2016; Craigslist v. 3Taps, N.D. Cal. 2013).

Do not fraudulently access or maintain access to a computer system located in Cambodia, including to copy, alter, or delete data from it.

Do not fraudulently access or remain within all or part of an electronic-communications network or information system, or transmit, damage, or cause a serious disruption or interruption of its functioning.

Do not access, without right and in violation of a security measure, all or part of a network, information system, or terminal equipment connected to another information system, in order to obtain information or data.

Do not obtain a computer service, or cause a function of a computer system to be intercepted, fraudulently and without colour of right.

Do not access, or attempt to access, a computer system by fraudulent means, and do not fraudulently remain in, hinder, falsify, or introduce data into one.

Do not defeat a technical barrier or technological security measure (a login, a paywall, an access token) to reach a computer system without authorization; doing so is a criminal offence regardless of what is then done with the data.

Do not intrude into a computer system to obtain its data, or exercise illegal control over it, where the conduct is serious (Art. 285).

Do not access a computer system, whether or not it is protected by a security measure, without authorization or beyond what the system's owner agreed to, and do not remain in it against the will of the person entitled to exclude you.

Do not knowingly access a computer, computer network, or computer system without authorization, or beyond the scope of the authorization granted; Colorado defines authorization as the express consent of a person.

Do not access, or attempt to access, any part of an information system without authorization.

Do not remain, or attempt to remain, within an information system once access is no longer authorized.

Do not access a Connecticut-connected computer system knowing you lack authorization to do so; an ordinary read of an unrestricted public page with no notice of any restriction lacks that knowledge, but the statute does not say that a public page is outside the offence, so notice of a restriction can supply it.

Do not use a computer or computer network without the owner's right or permission, or in a manner exceeding it, with the intent to make an unauthorized copy of its data, to cause it to malfunction, or to alter or erase its data or software; the statute defines being without authority by the owner's permission and states no knowledge element.

Do not use a computerized manipulation to appropriate, copy, or transmit information of economic or commercial value without the authorization of the system's owner or the party responsible for it.

Do not access a computer system, part of one, or computer data in Croatia without authorisation; unauthorised access alone is a criminal offence, rising from up to two years' imprisonment to up to three years where the system or data belongs to a government body, the Constitutional Court, an international organisation Croatia belongs to, a local or regional government unit, a public institution, or a company of special public interest.

Do not interfere with the operation of a computer system, damage, alter, delete, destroy or conceal another person's computer data or programs, or intercept a non-public transmission of computer data, without authorisation; each is a separate criminal offence carrying up to three years' imprisonment.

Do not access or use an information system, storage device, software, or database without due authorization, for the purpose of appropriating, using, disclosing, or disseminating the information it stores, transmits, or captures.

Do not violate an established computer-security measure to use information technology media in a way that affects the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of digital assets.

Do not access the whole or part of an information system intentionally and without right by violating a security measure.

Do not enter the whole or part of a computer system intentionally and without right by violating the security measures, per article 4 of Law 22(III)/2004.

Do not overcome a security measure to gain access to a computer system or part of it in the Czech Republic, and do not use, delete, alter, forge, insert or transmit data, or otherwise interfere with a computer system's software or hardware, without authorization.

Do not access, or attempt to access, all or part of an information system without the operator's authorization, and do not remain fraudulently within one once inside.

Do not access a Delaware-connected computer system knowing you lack authorization to do so; an openly served page carries no obvious authorization barrier, but this statute's own text does not resolve the question for a public page.

Do not access, or maintain access to, all or part of a computer system without authorization and with fraudulent intent.

Do not exceed your lawful access authority over a computer system with fraudulent intent or intent to harm.

Do not obtain access to a data system, or to data intended for use in one, without the right to do so, including by defeating an access control while scraping.

Do not access or attempt to access an information system, or a part of one, without authorization.

Do not remain, or attempt to remain, within an information system after having fraudulently entered it.

Do not access an electronic, computer, telematic, or telecommunications system, or exceed an authorization to access one, using or not using another's identity.

Do not access, in whole or in part, a computer, telematic, or telecommunications system without authorization, or remain inside it against the will of the person with the legitimate right, to exploit the access, modify a web portal, divert data or voice traffic, or offer the system's services to third parties without paying the legitimate provider.

Do not intercept, listen to, divert, record, or observe a computer datum, signal, or data transmission without a prior judicial order and for the purpose of obtaining registered or available information.

Do not reveal information registered in a file, archive, database, or similar medium, obtained through or directed at a computer, telematic or telecommunications system, for your own or a third party's benefit, in a way that breaches a person's secrecy, privacy or intimacy.

Do not access, or remain present in, a restricted website, private account, or information system without authorization; if that access results in copying, altering, or republishing data, a higher penalty applies.

Do not exceed the scope of access rights that were legally granted to you on a website, private account, or information system.

Do not evade an effective technological measure controlling access to a protected work, and do not make, import, distribute or offer a technology or device designed to do so, absent authorization.

Do not access, intercept or use a computer system without authorization, or by exceeding the authorization you were granted.

Do not obtain an unauthorized computer service, intercept a function of a computer system, or alter, destroy, or interfere with data in a computer system, without authorization.

Do not eliminate or avoid a technical means of protection, such as authentication, to obtain access to a computer system; Section 217 does not reach access to a system that carries no such protective measure.

Do not access the whole or any part of a computer system without lawful excuse or justification; logging into a system you are not entitled to use is itself an offence under this Act, even before any security measure is defeated.

Do not infringe a security measure to obtain computer data once inside a system, which raises the penalty for the access itself.

Do not intercept non-public computer data or a data-processing service without authorization.

Do not intentionally access, without right, the whole or any part of an information system by infringing a security measure; Member States must make this a criminal offense, at least for cases which are not minor (Article 3). Without right means not authorized by the owner or another right holder of the system or of part of it, or not permitted under national law (Article 2, point (d)).

Do not intentionally and without right intercept, by technical means, non-public transmissions of computer data to, from or within an information system, including electromagnetic emissions from an information system carrying such data; Member States must make this a criminal offense, at least for cases which are not minor (Article 6).

Do not alter or remove the technical protection measures a data holder applies to prevent unauthorized access to data, including metadata, unless the data holder agrees (Article 11(1)).

Where you are a third party or data recipient who, for the purposes of obtaining data, provided false information to a data holder, deployed deceptive or coercive means or abused gaps in the technical infrastructure of the data holder designed to protect the data, or who altered or removed the data holder's technical protection measures without its agreement, comply without undue delay with the requests of the data holder (and, where applicable and where they are not the same person, of the trade secret holder or the user) to erase the data made available and any copies, to end the production, offering or placing on the market or use of goods, derivative data or services produced on the basis of knowledge obtained through the data in the cases Article 11(2), point (b), describes, to inform the user of the unauthorized use or disclosure and of the measures taken to end it, and to compensate the party suffering from the misuse or disclosure (Article 11(2) and (3)).

Do not gain access to a computer system, or a separately protected part of one, by using an access code that does not belong to you or by otherwise breaking a protective measure, and do not obtain data from such a system without hacking into it by a special technical device, by bypassing a protective arrangement, by exploiting a vulnerability or by other clearly fraudulent means, under Rikoslaki 38 luku 8 sec.

Do not defeat an access control, password, or other security measure to reach a French computer system; reading a public, unauthenticated page without doing so has not itself been held to violate Article 323-1.

Do not access or remain in a computer system without authorization, whether or not the system is protected by a technical measure, and do not exceed an access you were granted.

Do not cause a computer system to perform any function to secure access to a program or data without the right or permission of the person who controls that system.

Do not intercept, or cause to be intercepted, any function of or data within a computer system without the consent of both the sender and the intended recipient of the data, or a statutory power to do so.

Do not access a computer system, or copy, alter, or output data from it, without authorisation from the person who holds the right to grant that access.

Do not use a Georgia-connected computer or computer network in a manner that exceeds the right or permission its owner granted; ordinary access to a page that grants and denies no specific permission at all does not, on the statute's own text, become use 'without authority.'

Do not take, delete, alter, or interfere with computer data, programs, or operation without authority; doing so with the required intent is computer theft or computer trespass regardless of whether the access was automated.

Do not gain access to data that is specially secured against unauthorised access by overcoming that security measure.

Do not intercept non-public data transmissions or a computer's electromagnetic emissions using technical means.

Do not, without lawful authority, retrieve a person's subscriber information or intercept traffic data or content data.

Do not access or intercept an electronic record without authority or permission, whether or not the record sits behind a login.

Do not cause a computer to perform any function to secure access to a programme or electronic record without authority.

Do not gain access, without right and in breach of a protection measure, to all or part of an information system or to electronic data.

Do not copy, record, use, or disclose to a third party computer data or programs that constitute a state, scientific, professional, or business secret, where the lawful holder treats them as secret from a justified interest, without right.

Do not access all or part of an information system, or data transmitted over a telecommunications system, by violating a prohibition or a security measure the lawful holder has put in place.

Do not gain access to, or download, copy or extract data from, an electronic system or network without the permission of its owner or the person in charge of it.

Do not, without authorization, use another's computerized records, or enter by any means their data bank or electronic archives (art. 274 'F'); whether reading a public, unauthenticated page counts as unauthorized use or entry has not been tested by a Guatemalan court.

Do not access, or continue to access, a computer system without right; a heavier penalty applies where the access hinders the system's operation.

Do not fraudulently intercept data.

Do not access a computer system without authorisation under the Cybercrime Act 2018; the located sources do not establish how Guyanese courts would read this against a public, unauthenticated page.

Accessing a computer, computer system, or computer network connected to Hawaii without the permission of its owner or rightful user, or in excess of the permission granted, is unauthorized access under this statute; ordinary automated retrieval of a public, unauthenticated page has not been tested against this definition by a Hawaii court.

Do not access a computer system, in whole or in part, by infringing a security measure established to prevent it, without authorization.

Do not log into, or remain logged into, an information system by violating or circumventing a technical measure safeguarding it; unauthorized access is a criminal offense under Btk. Section 423(1) regardless of whether any data is altered.

Do not obtain access to another's data or programs stored in computer-readable form without authorization, including by defeating a security measure, under Almenn hegningarlög Article 229.

Do not knowingly access, attempt to access, or use an Idaho-connected computer, computer system, or network, or its software, program, documentation, or data, without authorization; subsection (3) reaches this as a misdemeanor even without any further intent to defraud, damage, or disrupt.

Do not knowingly access or use a computer, system, or network with intent to defraud, to obtain money, property, or services by false pretenses, or to commit theft, and do not knowingly and without authorization alter, damage, or destroy a computer, system, network, or the software, program, documentation, or data it contains; either is a felony under subsections (1) and (2).

Do not access, or secure access to, a computer, computer system or computer network, or download, copy or extract data from it, without the permission of its owner or the person in charge of it.

Do not access an Indiana-connected computer system or network without the owner's consent; the statute does not say whether serving a page openly is consent to an ordinary request for it, and an owner's express refusal, such as a written demand to stop or a block, leaves later access without consent.

Do not access another person's computer or electronic system without right or unlawfully, or access any computer or electronic system without right or unlawfully in order to obtain electronic information or documents from it.

Do not knowingly access a computer, computer system, or computer network without authorization; copying, altering, or deleting data is a serious misdemeanor, and accessing a confidential record, utility or airport operational data, or a trade secret is an aggravated misdemeanor.

Do not intentionally access an information system by infringing a security measure, without lawful authority or reasonable excuse (s. 2).

Do not connect with, communicate with, or operate a computer or its material without authorization; doing so to commit a further offence under another law raises the maximum term to five years.

Do not access, or remain within after being excluded, a computer or telematic system protected by security measures without the right-holder's consent.

Do not knowingly obtain, for yourself or another person, access to any program or data held in a computer unless you are entitled to control that access or have the consent of a person who is so entitled.

Do not operate a computer connected to a telecommunications line, where it carries an access control feature, by inputting another person's identification code, or by inputting other information or a command designed to evade that feature, without the access administrator's or the authorized user's permission.

Do not access a website, information network, information system, or information technology means, in whole or in part, without authorization or in excess of an authorization granted.

Do not use a program or program command to disable, alter, damage, or gain unauthorized access to an information system, and do not intercept or capture data transmitted through one.

Do not knowingly access, or attempt to access, a Kansas-connected computer, computer system, social networking website, computer network, or computer software, program, documentation, data, or property without authorization; paragraph (a)(5) criminalizes bare unauthorized access or an attempt at it alone, even without any intent to defraud, damage, or exceed authorization.

Do not intentionally access legally protected information on an electronic medium without authorization where doing so causes significant harm; the offence is not confined to defeating a technical access control.

Do not unlawfully distribute an electronic information resource containing citizens' personal data, or other information restricted by law or by its owner, once obtained.

Do not access, cause to be accessed, or attempt to access a Kentucky-connected computer, computer system, computer network, or the data or software on one, without the effective consent of the owner.

Do not receive, conceal, or use data or property known to have been obtained through a violation of this statute; doing so is a separate felony.

Do not gain access to a computer system by infringing a security measure, knowing the access is unauthorised, including to copy, transfer or output data from it.

Do not access a computer program or computer data held in a computer system unless you are entitled to control that kind of access, or have the consent of a person who is so entitled.

Do not illegitimately log in to an electronic data processing system, prevent access to it, damage it, or obtain credit-card or other electronic-card numbers from it to steal funds.

Do not gain unauthorized access to another person's protected computer information, electronic documents, information system, or telecommunications network, including by defeating an access control, where doing so destroys, blocks, or modifies data or disrupts a processing device.

Do not defeat a special protection system to access a computer system with intent to obtain commercial, financial or privately held data.

Do not breach an automated data processing system's protective means, access it without permission, or use rights granted to another person to access it, where doing so causes substantial harm; whether an ordinary, unauthenticated page with no such protective means falls outside the without-permission ground is untested.

Do not fraudulently access, enter, or remain in an information system, or a part of it, that you are not authorized to access.

Do not extract information from a computer or electronic storage device owned by another person where you have no reasonable cause to believe the owner would allow that extraction.

Do not intentionally access the whole or part of a computer system or infrastructure without authorization or in excess of authorization.

Do not breach a website's or information system's protection measures to access it without authorization, in whole or in part.

Do not delete, alter, disclose, or copy data, or disable or deface a system, once inside it without authorization.

Do not gain access to a computer system, or part of one, in Liechtenstein that you may not use, or may not use alone, by overcoming a specific security precaution, for the purpose of obtaining personal data protected by a confidentiality interest or of inflicting a disadvantage on another person.

Do not connect to an information system in Lithuania, or a part of it, by breaching its security measures (Criminal Code Art. 198-1(1)). Do not unlawfully connect to an information system of strategic significance for national security or great significance for the state governance, the economy or the financial system, or a part of it (Art. 198-1(2)).

Do not destroy, damage, delete, alter, or otherwise restrict the use of electronic data on a system in Lithuania without authorization, or disrupt the system's operation (Criminal Code Arts. 196 and 197). Do not unlawfully observe, intercept, acquire, hold, or disseminate non-public electronic data (Art. 198).

Do not access, or cause to be accessed, a Louisiana-connected computer, computer system, or computer network without the authorization of its owner, including access that intentionally exceeds the scope of authorization you were given.

If a computer's owner has issued a confidential or proprietary access code, do not use a code issued to someone else; doing so creates a rebuttable presumption that your access was unauthorized or exceeded authorization.

Do not fraudulently access or remain in all or part of an automated or non-automated data-processing or transmission system located in Luxembourg.

Do not intentionally interfere with, falsify, or introduce, suppress, alter or intercept data in an automated or non-automated data-processing or transmission system, to the prejudice of another person's rights.

Do not access, or remain connected to, all or part of an information system intentionally and without a legitimate excuse or justification.

Do not intentionally make an unauthorized copy of a computer program, software, or information from a Maine-connected computer resource, knowing you are not authorized to do so; this reaches unauthorized bulk copying even without any resulting damage.

Do not intentionally access a Maine-connected computer resource while knowing you are not authorized to do so; the statute states a bare authorization test with no separate requirement of malicious intent, deception, or resulting damage.

Do not access, intercept, or interfere with data without authority or permission to do so, or beyond the access you are authorized for.

Do not cause a computer to perform a function to secure access to a program or data where that access is unauthorised and you know it to be unauthorised.

Do not access, or attempt to access, an information system by an irregular mode of penetration, and do not remain, or attempt to remain, in an information system once access to it is irregular.

Confirm you have authorisation from whoever is entitled to control access to a computer, data, or software before accessing, copying, or extracting it in Malta; acting without such authorisation under Article 337C of the Criminal Code is a criminal offence whether or not a login otherwise protects the resource.

Do not access, or exceed authorized access to, a Maryland-connected computer network, system, or database intentionally and without authorization; the statute defines access but never authorization, so whether an unrestricted public page counts as authorized is unsettled rather than resolved by its text.

Do not access a computer system without authorization, and stop accessing it once you know your access is no longer authorized.

Do not access, or attempt to access, all or part of a computer system intentionally and without right.

Do not remain connected to all or part of a computer system after accessing it without right.

Do not gain unauthorised access to any program or data held in a computer system, that is, access you are not entitled to control and have not been authorised to make.

Do not modify, destroy, cause the loss of, learn of, or copy information in a computer system or equipment that is protected by a security mechanism, without authorisation to access it.

Do not circumvent, or supply a device, mechanism, product, component, or system designed, marketed, or predominantly used to circumvent, a technological protection measure that controls access to a copyrighted work.

Do not access, or cause access to, a computer, computer system, or computer network without authorization or by exceeding authorization granted, to acquire, alter, damage, delete, or destroy data or property, or to use the system's services (MCL 752.795).

Do not access or cause access to a computer, computer system, or computer network to devise or execute a scheme to defraud or to obtain money, property, or a service by false pretense (MCL 752.794).

Do not intentionally access, or cause to be accessed, a computer, computer system or computer network without the owner's permission or a claim of right for the purpose of obtaining services or property, which include computer time, data processing and storage functions and electronically processed or produced data.

Do not intentionally and without authorization or claim of right copy computer software or electronic data and then use, alter, transfer, retain or publish it, and do not retain copies of it beyond your authority.

Defeating a login or other computer security system, meaning a program or device intended to protect the confidentiality and secrecy of data, to access a Minnesota-connected computer system is what this statute targets.

Do not defraud, deny an authorized user access, disable or damage equipment, or destroy, insert, modify, copy, use, or take intellectual property without consent, by means that fall outside proper means (independent invention, lawful reverse engineering, license or authority of the owner, public observation, or published literature).

Do not access a Missouri-connected computer, computer system, or computer network without authorization or without reasonable grounds to believe you have authorization.

Do not modify, destroy, disclose, or take computer data, programs, or supporting documentation, or a password or other access-control information, without authorization.

Do not access a computer system without authorization under law or contract, or beyond the limits of an authorization, including to use, administer, or control it or to conduct research or another operation in it.

Do not fraudulently access or remain within all or part of a Monaco information system.

Do not fraudulently hinder or alter the functioning of an information system, or introduce, damage, erase, alter, delete, extract, hold, reproduce, transmit or render inaccessible computer data within one, in the course of an automated crawl.

Do not knowingly or purposely obtain the use or access of a computer, computer system or computer network without the owner's consent; the value of the property affected grades the penalty and is not an element, and the offense covers access when no loss can be articulated.

Do not access a computer system, in whole or in part, without authorisation.

Do not defeat a computer system's protection measures, and do not access without authorisation a computer system of significance to a state authority, local-government authority, or another institution exercising public powers; either raises the offence's maximum penalty.

Do not access all or part of a computer system or computer network by violating its security measures, with intent to obtain data or another dishonest intent.

Do not intercept, by technical means, private data transmissions to, from, or within a computer system or network.

Do not dishonestly hack, modify, alter, destroy, or steal another person's electronic record, electronic data message, or computer programme.

Do not intercept a communication within a computer network, or give any person access to the contents of a communication, without the permission of both the originator and the addressee.

Do not access the whole or part of a protected computer, meaning one connected to the Republic's security, defence, or international relations, a confidential law-enforcement source, communications, public-utility, or public-key infrastructure, or public safety and essential emergency services, without a lawful excuse.

Do not obtain electronic data that is specially protected against unauthorised access and not meant for you.

Defeating a login wall or an access-code challenge is what this statute reaches: it is a Class IV felony where it creates a grave risk of causing the death of a person, a Class I misdemeanor where it creates a risk to public health and safety, and a Class II misdemeanor where it compromises the security of data.

Do not use a computer to access a programme, information, or data without the authorisation of its owner or the person responsible for it, or in a manner contrary to the terms of an authorisation given.

Do not access an automated work by breaching a security measure, a technical intervention, false signals or a false key, or a false identity; reading a public, unauthenticated page without defeating any access control has not itself been held to violate this article.

After any access gained that way, do not copy, tap, or record the data stored on, processed by, or transferred through that system.

Do not knowingly, willfully and without authorization modify, damage, destroy, disclose, use, transfer, conceal, take, retain, copy, or obtain or attempt to obtain access to data, a program, equipment, or a computer, system or network connected to Nevada.

Do not knowingly access, or cause to be accessed, a computer or computer network you know you are not authorized to access.

Do not knowingly make an unauthorized display, use, disclosure, or copy of data obtained through such access, even after collection; this can reach how you later use or share data taken beyond the scope of any authorization.

Do not knowingly, willfully and without authorization, or in excess of an authorization obtained, access, use, take, transfer, conceal, obtain, copy or retain possession of a computer, computer network, or computer property or service connected to New Mexico; a violation is graded by the dollar value of the resulting damage, from a petty misdemeanor at two hundred fifty dollars or less up to a second degree felony above twenty thousand dollars.

Do not continue accessing a New York-connected system, or circumvent a technical security measure, after the operator has given you actual notice, including a cease-and-desist letter, that your access is unwanted; this statute treats notice alone as sufficient to convert continued access into unauthorized access, without needing a technical block.

Do not intentionally access, directly or indirectly, a computer system without authorisation, knowing or being reckless as to whether you are authorised to access it.

Do not violate a computer system's security to destroy, alter, duplicate, or damage the data, processes, or their integrity, availability, or confidentiality.

Do not access, intercept, or use a computer system without authorization or in excess of the authorization granted.

Do not access, or remain present in, a computer system intentionally and without right; reading a page that is public and unauthenticated has not been shown to violate this test.

Do not intentionally access a computer system or network without authorisation for a fraudulent purpose in order to obtain data vital to national security.

Do not use a North Carolina computer or computer network without the owner's authorization, or beyond the scope of authorization granted, to remove, disable, or alter data, cause a malfunction, damage property, or make an unauthorized copy of computer data, programs, or software.

Do not access a computer, including a government computer, without authorization to defraud or to obtain property or services by false pretenses; accessing a government computer without authorization for any other purpose carries heightened felony exposure.

Do not gain or attempt to gain access to, alter, damage, modify, copy, disclose, take possession of, or destroy a North Dakota-connected computer, computer system, or computer network in excess of the authorization you were given or without authorization at all; unlike some other states' statutes, no fraud, malice, or deception is required for this to be a class A misdemeanor.

Do not intrude into an information-communication network of the state administration, national defense construction or advanced science research sector to read, steal or destroy data.

Do not intrude into an information-communication network to read, steal or destroy important information; the paragraph that punishes this names no sector.

Do not avoid or destroy the technical protective measures taken to prevent an intellectual property right from being infringed, without the permission of the party concerned or except on the conditions specified by laws.

Do not abuse a mark indicating an intellectual property right, make a false mark, or erase the mark.

Do not copy, adapt, sell, or telecast a software, or destroy or remove a technical protection device on it, without the copyright holder's permission, outside the three listed permission-free cases (education, a law-enforcement investigation, or software already distributed free of charge).

Do not enter another's computer or system without authorization with intent to exploit its data or programs for unlawful gain or to cause damage, or to transmit data reached without authorization.

Do not intercept, by technical means, a non-public transmission of computer data to, from, or within a computer system.

Do not gain access to a computer system or part of it by breaching a protection measure or by another unauthorised method.

Do not access, or remain on, a website, information system, or information-technology means in Oman without right, in excess of authorized access, or after becoming aware the access is unauthorized; a spurious raise costs a developer one read, so this is flagged even though the Law's text does not on its face require defeating a technical security measure to reach a public, unauthenticated page.

Do not knowingly use, access or attempt to access a computer, computer system, computer network, or its software, programs, documentation or data without authorization.

Do not access an information system or data in Pakistan that is not available to the general public without authorization, or in violation of the terms and conditions of an authorization already granted; unauthorized access is a criminal offence under section 3 of the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act 2016, and a more heavily punished one under section 6 where the system is critical infrastructure.

Do not access a computer, computer system, or computer network without authorization, meaning without the permission of, or in excess of the permission granted by, its owner, lessor, or rightful user.

Do not improperly enter or use a database, network or computer system.

Do not improperly seize, copy, use or modify data in transit or held in a database or computer system, or interfere with, intercept, obstruct or prevent its transmission.

Do not access a computer system, or its components, using your own or another person's identity, or by exceeding an authorization.

Do not circumvent a security measure to obtain data that is specially protected against unauthorized access; ordinary access to unprotected, publicly available data falls outside this narrower offence.

Do not intentionally access or exceed authorization to access a computer, computer network, database, or World Wide Web site without authorization, or in doing so alter, interfere with the operation of, damage, or destroy it; bare unauthorized access is itself an offense here.

Do not possess, buy, receive, sell, exchange, facilitate, or traffic computer data, access credentials, or personal databases that you know or have reason to presume were obtained without the titleholder's consent or through a security breach or a computer offense.

Do not access a computer system, in whole or in part, without authorization or beyond what you are authorized to access; defeating a security measure to do so draws a higher penalty tier.

Do not intercept non-public computer data transmissions without authorization.

Do not access the whole or any part of a computer system without right, intercept a non-public transmission of computer data without right, or intentionally or recklessly alter, damage, delete, or deteriorate computer data without right.

Do not bypass or circumvent an electronic, technical, magnetic, IT, or other special security measure to access data or an IT system not intended for you; unauthorized access under Kodeks karny Art. 267 carries a fine, restriction of liberty, or imprisonment up to 2 years.

Do not access a computer system located in Portugal without legal permission or authorization from its owner or another rights holder, including by circumventing a security control.

Do not intentionally and illegally access, exceed authorised access to, or knowingly continue accessing a Qatar-based website, information system, or information network once aware the access is unauthorised; a violation reaching a system belonging to a state authority or affiliated corporation carries a doubled penalty.

Do not unlawfully capture, intercept, or spy on traffic data or data being transmitted through an information network while crawling or collecting it.

Do not access or attempt to access, without authorization, all or part of an information system.

Do not remain or attempt to remain connected, without authorization, to an information system.

Do not access a Rhode Island-connected computer, system, or network without the owner's permission, or beyond the scope of permission actually granted; this chapter's without-authority standard reaches exceeding permission as well as having none.

Do not access a computer system in Romania without a right to do so, including for the purpose of obtaining data or where the system's access is technically restricted to certain users, per Cod penal art. 360.

Do not intercept, alter, or disrupt computer data or a computer system's functioning, and do not transfer data out of a computer system without authorization, per Cod penal arts. 361-364.

Do not access computer information protected by Russian law without authorization in a way that destroys, blocks, modifies, or copies it, under Criminal Code Article 272; a version of this offense committed for gain, by a group, or causing grave consequences carries escalating fines up to 500,000 rubles and imprisonment up to 7 years.

Do not violate the operating rules for protected computer-information systems or telecommunications-network access rules in a way that destroys, blocks, modifies, or copies information and causes significant damage, under Criminal Code Article 274.

Do not create, distribute, or use malicious computer programs, or gain unauthorized access to protected information, aimed at Russia's critical information infrastructure, under Criminal Code Article 274.1; a version committed by a group or causing grave consequences carries imprisonment up to 10 years.

Do not access computer or computer system data without the consent of a person entitled to give it, without being entitled to control or access it yourself, or by accessing another person's computer system without authorization.

Do not access a computer system, or any part of it, without lawful excuse or justification, including to copy, transfer or output data from it.

Do not access a computer system the Minister has designated as restricted; a heavier penalty applies where access to a restricted system occurs in the course of another offence under this Act.

Do not cause a computer system to perform a function to secure access to, or to intercept, a program, data, or computer service, without authority.

Do not access, directly or indirectly, the whole or part of an electronic system without authorisation, or while reckless as to whether access is authorised, whether or not the underlying data is later used for crawling or training.

Do not log into or remain logged into, or continue to access, an electronic system without lawful excuse or in excess of a lawful excuse.

Do not unlawfully enter, or remain against the will of the party entitled to exclude you in, a computer or telematics system protected by a security measure, under Criminal Code art. 182-bis.

Do not access, or attempt to access, all or part of a computer system by fraudulent means, and do not maintain a fraudulent presence in one once inside.

Do not access a computer, computer network, or electronic data processing system by circumventing a protection measure, without authorisation.

Do not use, record, or further distribute data obtained by circumventing a protection measure without authorisation.

Do not cause a computer system to perform a function with intent to secure access to computer data you are not entitled to access and have no consent to access.

Do not cause a computer system to perform a function to gain access to a computer system, program, or data without authorisation, including by exceeding the level of access a person entitled to grant it has consented to.

Do not cause a computer to perform any function for the purpose of securing access to a program or data without authority, meaning without being entitled to control that access and without the consent of a person who is so entitled.

Do not overcome a security measure to gain access to a computer system or part of it without authorization.

Do not intercept a non-public transmission of computer data to, from, or within a computer system without authorization.

Do not enter or break into an information system without authorization, and do not intercept data without authorization during its non-public transmission into or out of an information system.

Do not use, alter, copy, transfer, or destroy data in an information system without authorization, and do not obstruct the transfer of or access to data or the operation of an information system.

Do not access telecommunications facilities by infringing a security measure, with the intent of obtaining telecommunications data.

Do not intercept, by technical means, a transmission that is not intended for you and not intended for public reception.

Do not unlawfully and intentionally access a computer system or data storage medium.

Do not unlawfully and intentionally intercept data, or possess data known or reasonably suspected to have been unlawfully intercepted, without a satisfactory exculpatory account.

Do not access, or cause to be accessed, a computer, computer system, or computer network without authorization to devise a scheme to defraud, obtain money or property by false pretenses, commit another crime, or to alter, damage, destroy, or modify data, programs, or software, or to introduce a computer contaminant.

Do not engage in computer hacking, defined to include accessing a computer without express or implied authorization, using a port scanner or probe without permission, or using a computer, computer system, or computer network in a manner that exceeds any right or permission its owner granted; this is a separate misdemeanor offense regardless of any financial gain or loss.

Do not access, or exceed authorized access to, a South Dakota-connected computer system, software, or data without the consent of the owner; this chapter turns on consent rather than on a technical access barrier, so it reaches ordinary unauthenticated automated access as well as authenticated access.

Do not copy or obtain information from a computer system, compromise its security controls, or use or disclose access codes or passwords, without the owner's consent; violating this is a Class 6 felony.

Do not access an information and communications network without authorization, or beyond the scope of granted authorization, to collect data.

Do not break into, eavesdrop on, illegally monitor, or hack into a communication or a communication network without authorisation from the National Communication Authority, the Attorney General, the Director of Public Prosecutions, or a court.

Do not gain access to, destroy, alter, copy, transfer, or interfere with data, a programme, or a system held in a computer or computer network without authority from its owner.

Do not circumvent a technical security measure, such as authentication, to access an information system without authorization; Article 197 bis does not reach access to a page that carries no such measure.

Do not secure access to a computer or to information held in it without lawful authority; the test does not turn on defeating a technical control, so relying on a page being public and unauthenticated is not itself a defence and has not been tested by a Sri Lankan court.

Do not buy, receive, retain, download, upload, or copy information known or believed to have been obtained from a computer without lawful authority by someone else.

Do not access a website, system, network, or means of information technology without authorisation, or continue accessing it after learning the access is unauthorised, or exceed the scope of authorised access (art. 4(1)).

Do not receive, record, intercept, or wiretap data sent through the network without authorisation (art. 7).

Do not gain access to a computer system, or part of one, without authorization; access counts as unauthorized if it was obtained by breaking through security, a technical intervention, false signals or a false key, or by assuming a false identity.

If access to a system was unlawfully obtained, do not go on to copy, intercept, or record the data it holds, use its processing capacity for your own or another's benefit, or pivot through it to a third party's system.

Do not unlawfully gain access to, alter, delete, block, or register information intended for automated processing in Sweden, or seriously disturb or hinder the use of such information by another similar unlawful means.

Do not defeat a security measure to obtain unauthorised access to a data processing system, knowing the access is unauthorised.

Do not obtain specially secured data not intended for you for your own or another's unlawful gain, and do not alter, delete or render unusable data stored or transmitted electronically without authority.

Do not access another's computer or related equipment by entering someone else's password, defeating a technical protective measure, or exploiting a system vulnerability without cause; each is a separate ground for criminal exposure under Article 358.

An app must not gain access to a computer system, network or machine media by violating its security system, modify computer information or introduce deliberately false information into it, disable or destroy a computer system or its data, or unlawfully copy, seize or intercept information transmitted through a computer system.

Do not intentionally and unlawfully access, remain in, or interfere with a computer system, or intercept a non-public transmission, without the operator's authorisation.

Do not intentionally access a Tennessee-connected computer, computer system, or network without authorization; the statute defines authorization as any form of consent, and its implicit-consent clause applies to networks operated to allow anonymous access.

Accessing a Texas-connected computer, computer network, or computer system without the effective consent of the owner is a criminal offense regardless of your intent (Tex. Penal Code § 33.02(a)).

Do not access a Thai computer system or computer data protected by a security measure not intended for your use.

Do not disclose another person's security measures, or intercept another person's computer data by electronic or any other means, in a manner likely to cause injury or that is not for public benefit.

Do not access, or remain present in, a computer system without right, including a system reached over the internet.

Do not cause unauthorised access to or modification of computer data, knowing it is unauthorised and intending to cause it; access is unauthorised where the person is not entitled to cause it.

Do not cause a computer to perform a function to secure access to a program or data knowingly and without authority; authority turns on the consent of the person entitled to control access, not on whether a technical security measure was defeated.

Do not access, or remain in, a computer system, in whole or in part, without authorization.

Do not exceed the limits of any access right that has been granted to you.

Do not enter, or continue to unlawfully remain within, the whole or part of a computer system located in Turkey without authorisation.

Do not create, use, or distribute a computer program intended to disrupt the normal operation of a computer, subscriber device, computer program, information system, or information-telecommunication network, and do not unlawfully destroy, block, reformat, or copy information protected by Turkmen law that is stored on an electronic medium or passing through such a network; a higher penalty applies where the target is a national information source, the national information system, or a critical information-communication infrastructure object.

Do not access information stored on electronic media, an information system, or an information-telecommunication network that is protected by Turkmen law, without authorization to do so, where the access substantially violates the rights of a person or the protected interests of society or the state; a higher penalty applies where the source accessed is a national information source or a critical information-communication infrastructure object.

Do not intercept, disclose, alter, or interfere with a message or the telecommunications apparatus carrying it, and do not operate a competing telecommunications service without the Corporation's authorisation.

Do not access, or remain on, a website, information system, computer, or information network without authorization, in violation of a licence, or illegally.

Do not cause a computer to perform a function intended to secure access to a program or data, knowing that access is unauthorised because you are not entitled to control that kind of access and do not have the consent of someone who is.

Do not continue accessing a site, or circumvent a technical block, after the operator has sent an individualized notice revoking your access (Facebook v. Power Ventures, 9th Cir. 2016).

Do not circumvent a technological measure that controls access to a copyrighted work in order to collect it.

Whether or not you have authority to use or access a computer or computer network, do not do so with intent to disable or alter data or programs, cause a malfunction, effect an unauthorized transfer of funds, injure property, make an unauthorized copy of computer data, or forge e-mail header or routing information to send unsolicited bulk e-mail.

Do not access, intercept, disclose, sell, or transfer another's information held on a digital medium by computer or telematic means without authorization and without just cause.

Do not access, appropriate, use, or modify a third party's confidential data held on a digital medium without the holder's authorization, and do not disclose, reveal, or transfer such data to a third party.

Do not access a computer, computer system, or network without the owner's express or implied consent or permission.

Keep any access within the manner and scope of the consent or permission the owner has given.

Do not intentionally or knowingly gain or attempt to gain access to a computer, computer network, computer property, or computer system without the owner's express or implied consent or permission.

Keep any access within the manner and scope of the consent or permission the owner has given.

Do not access the whole or part of a computer system by infringing a security measure, whether or not the underlying data is later used for crawling or training, unless entitled to access it or the owner has consented.

Do not intercept a non-public transmission of computer data to, from or within a computer system, or the electromagnetic emission of such a system, without lawful excuse.

Do not access, or remain connected to, a Vatican City State computer or telematic system that is protected by a security measure, without the right to do so or against the will of the party entitled to exclude you.

Do not access, intercept, interfere with, or use a computer system without authorization or in excess of the authorization obtained.

Do not knowingly, willfully, and without authorization access or cause to be accessed a computer or computer network with intent to obtain computer services; this is a misdemeanor punishable by a $200 to $1,000 fine, up to one year in county jail, or both.

Do not access a Wyoming-connected computer, computer system, or computer network without authorization; this statute has no malicious-intent or deceptive-means gate, so a bare unauthorized access can fit its elements even without resulting damage or disruption.

Do not infringe a security measure to access or monitor a computer system, or any part of one, belonging to another person without lawful authority or in excess of authority.

Do not access data, a computer programme, or a computer system if you know or suspect you must obtain prior authority to access it and have not obtained that authority.

Do not intercept a private data transmission, overcome or circumvent a protective security measure, or acquire data within or transmitted to or from a computer system without lawful authority.

Mention the source and the author's name where the source indicates them.

Judge fairness by the nature of the work, the extent used relative to the whole, the purpose and character of the use, and the effect on the work's market or value.

Do not assume any of these reaches a systematic online news aggregator: no reported Belarusian decision applies them to one rather than to an individual quoting or reprinting a published work.

Judge fairness by the section 58 four-factor test: the nature of the work, the extent of the part used, the effect on the work's potential market, and the purpose and character of the use; there is no fixed headline-length or short-extract cap.

Do not rely on that permission where the copyright holder has expressly reserved the reproduction right.

Do not assume these exceptions reach a systematic aggregator's reproduction of headlines and snippets: no reported Beninese decision has tested it beyond a traditional press outlet's own reporting.

Do not reproduce a newspaper or periodical article on a current topic wholesale: the Act has no broader exception for that.

Indicate the source and the author's name where it appears on the work quoted.

Indicate the source and the author's name when you do so, and do not rely on that permission where the original rightsholder has expressly reserved the right to authorize such reproduction.

Keep the quotation in line with fair practice, to the extent the purpose justifies, and without becoming abusive.

Do not assume this reaches a systematic aggregator's reproduction of headlines and snippets: no reported Bolivian decision has tested it beyond the teaching, research, analysis or critical-commentary purposes the article names.

Indicate the source and the author's name where they appear on the work used.

Do not do so where the author or owner of copyright has expressly reserved the right to authorise that reproduction.

Do not assume either permission reaches a systematic news aggregator: no reported Brazilian decision applies either one to an aggregator rather than to a periodical reproducing another periodical's item or an individual quoting a published work.

Do not assume this reaches a systematic aggregator's reproduction of headlines and snippets: no reported Burkinabe decision has tested it beyond a traditional press review or a broadcaster's current-events report.

Do not do so where the article as published, or the work as broadcast, carried an express condition prohibiting such use.

Do not assume either exception reaches a systematic aggregator's reproduction of headlines and snippets: no reported Burundian decision has tested it beyond a traditional press review or a broadcaster's current-events report.

For every use under article 62(1), respect the authenticity and integrity of the title and the author's name.

Do not rely on that press permission where the author or copyright owner has expressly reserved the right of exploitation.

Do not assume these articles reach a systematic aggregator: no provision addresses hyperlinking, framing or inline display, and no reported case law applies them to an aggregator rather than a traditional press or broadcast outlet.

Judge fairness by the six-factor analysis from CCH Canadian Ltd. v. Law Society of Upper Canada (2004 SCC 13).

Keep aggregation to limited news excerpts or snippets: the exception may shield a news aggregator that reproduces them, subject to that fairness analysis.

Credit the source and the author's name where the source gives it.

Do not assume the press exception reaches a systematic aggregator's reproduction of headlines and snippets: Annex VII does not say so.

Do not assume these exceptions reach a systematic news aggregator's reproduction of headlines and snippets: none is capped at a headline or extract length, and no reported Chinese court decision applies them to one.

When reprinting news information, source it only from central news organisations or provincial-level and above news organisations within a state-designated list, and credit the original source, author, original headline and editor.

When reprinting, do not distort the original headline's meaning or the news content, keep the source traceable, and separately comply with copyright law.

Do not publish such works in a separate collection without the author's permission.

Credit the source and the author's name where the source gives it.

Do not assume the press exception reaches a systematic aggregator's reproduction of headlines and snippets: Annex VII does not say so.

You may make analyses and short quotations from a divulged work, and press reviews, without the author's permission where justified by the critical, polemical, pedagogical, scientific or informational character of the work they are incorporated into; clearly indicate the author's name and the source (Article 41).

Copy or communicate no more than is justifiable for that purpose, and acknowledge the source and the author.

Do not rely on that permission where the copyright owner has expressly prohibited copying or communicating the work for that purpose.

Treat news of a strictly informational press character as unprotected by copyright, but state the original source when you reproduce or retransmit it (art. 67).

You may reproduce, by press, broadcast or wire transmission, current-affairs articles on economic, political or religious topics published in newspapers or periodicals unless reproduction is expressly reserved, and you must always clearly indicate the source (art. 68).

Reference the creator's name for each use under article 86, and name the source where article 86.1(h) or 86.2(a) applies.

Do not rely on that current-events permission where reproduction or broadcasting rights were expressly reserved.

Do not assume these articles reach a systematic aggregator's reproduction of headlines and snippets: no reported Ivorian decision has tested it beyond a traditional press review or a broadcaster's current-events report.

Treat excerpting as reproduction: the Ordinance defines reproduction broadly, as the material fixation of a work by any process letting it be communicated indirectly to the public, so a service excerpting news content stands on Articles 24 and 32.

You may reproduce, in the press or by broadcast or transmission by wire to the public, current-affairs articles of economic, political or religious discussion published in newspapers or periodicals, and broadcast works of the same character, unless the rights holder has expressly reserved the reproduction, and you must always clearly indicate the source (art. 33).

You may publish, as current news and without authorization, speeches delivered in deliberative assemblies, judicial debates or before public authorities, and public conferences, speeches or sermons whose rights are not expressly reserved; do not publish them in a separate collection without the author's authorization (art. 35).

Indicate the source and the author's name, and do not use the fragments as a disguised exploitation of the work.

Credit the source and the author's name where the source states it.

You may reproduce in the press, printed or broadcast, articles of topical interest published in newspapers and reviews unless the reproduction was expressly reserved, and you must always state the source clearly (art. 1168).

Do not rely on either press exception where the use conflicts with a normal exploitation of the work or unreasonably prejudices the copyright owner's legitimate interests.

Name both the source and the author when the quotation is taken from a source that carries the author's name.

Do not treat this as a blanket exception for a news aggregator's routine reproduction of headlines or extracts: the dealing must still be fair dealing directed at reporting current events, judged on the specific facts.

Clearly indicate the author's name and the source in every case.

Keep the quotation compatible with fair practice and no more than the purpose justifies.

Indicate the source and the name of the author or other owner of copyright, where that name appears in the work quoted (s. 29(2)).

Keep the quotation compatible with fair practice and no longer than the purpose of the work in which it is used justifies (s. 19(3)).

Indicate the source and the author's name.

Accompany the quotation with an indication of its source and the author's name, where the name appears in the work quoted (s. 10(2)).

Clearly indicate the author's name and the source for each of these uses.

Credit the source and the author's name where the source gives it.

Do not assume the press exception reaches a systematic aggregator's reproduction of headlines and snippets: Annex VII does not say so.

Do not rely on a general quotation or press-review exception to reproduce a headline or article text from a protected literary work: the Decree has none.

Treat a compilation of works, folklore expressions or mere facts or data (such as an encyclopedia, anthology or database) as a protected work where the choice, coordination or arrangement of its contents is an intellectual creation, whether it sits on a machine-exploitable medium or in any other form.

Credit the source and the author's name, where the work indicates one, for every use under article 46; none of its exceptions is free of attribution.

Keep the quotation within reasonable limits and represent the quoted material correctly; the provision sets no headline-length or short-extract cap beyond that fair-practice test and is not restricted to press or news content.

Do not rely on Article 7 for news reporting, press summaries, commentary on current events or text-and-data-mining or automated processing: its list is closed and names none of them apart from criticism or praise.

Do not publish, distribute or broadcast the whole or part of another person's protected work without permission, or under a false attribution: Article 23 makes that an offence.

Do not publish a collection of someone's speeches or articles: Article 17 reserves that right to the author alone.

You may report the bare facts of the day's events freely: section 5(5) puts news of the day outside copyright. The author's own wording of that news stays protected, so do not copy it on the strength of this exclusion.

Indicate the source, the date and the author's name (if given) whenever you reproduce such an article.

Accompany every summary, quotation or reproduction with the work's title and the names of the author, publisher and (for a translation) the translator, where they appear on the reproduced work.

Do not rely on a fixed word or length threshold for a headline or short extract of third-party journalism: this is the general ground on which it could be justified, and the standard is fair practice.

Keep within that scope: a quotation exceeding it is copyright infringement, and Article 119(1) provides criminal penalties.

Do not reproduce in a newspaper or periodical, without the authors' consent, serialized novels, short stories or any other work published in another newspaper or periodical (Article 18).

You may quote lawfully published works without the author's or rightsholder's consent or payment, for scientific, research, polemical, critical or informational purposes and as far as the purpose justifies, including excerpts from newspaper and magazine articles in press reviews; attribute the author and source (Article 19(1)).

Sufficiently acknowledge the source of the reproduced work whenever you rely on the exception.

You may quote passages from a published work without the author's permission or compensation where the quotation is consistent with fair practice, non-substantial and no longer than the purpose justifies; cite the source and the author's name. This reaches press summaries from newspapers and periodicals (Article 31, second).

You may quote from lawfully published works without the author's consent or payment, for scientific research, polemic, critical or informational purposes and to the extent the purpose justifies, including extracts from newspaper and magazine articles in press reviews; give the author's name and the source (Article 19(1)(1)).

You may reproduce in newspapers, by broadcast or cable, for general information, material published in newspapers or periodicals on current economic, political, social or religious issues (or broadcast works of that character), unless the author has specifically prohibited it; give the author's name and the source (Article 19(1)(3)).

Use the Article 26 exception only for educational purposes: it permits copying or reproducing articles published in newspapers and magazines, or short excerpts of a work, without authorization or compensation within the necessary limits of that purpose, crediting the author's and publisher's names on each use.

You may reproduce in the press, or communicate to the public, an article from a newspaper or periodical on a current economic, political or religious topic (or a broadcast or cable-distributed work of the same character), unless it carried an express condition prohibiting such use; indicate the source clearly (section 11(c)).

If you are a newspaper or periodical, you may copy an article on political, economic, scientific or religious discussion of public interest at a given time, unless the source publication has indicated that copying is strictly prohibited; give the source and the author's name (Article 14).

Do not copy a scientific, literary or artistic article, serial or short story wholesale without permission (Article 14).

You may quote a published work where the quotation serves explanation, reference or illustration and its length is justified by that purpose; identify the quotation and name its source (Article 27).

Do not treat either as a general licence to republish: each is tied to a defined purpose and a source-attribution duty.

Cite the source and the author's name where possible, keep the use fair, and do not exceed what the purpose of quotation requires.

Give the source and the author's name in the copies bearing the work or by other means.

You may reproduce and distribute by press, or broadcast or cable-communicate, an economic, political or religious article from a newspaper or periodical, or a broadcast work of the same character, unless that right has been expressly reserved; name the source and the author where his name appears there (Article 46(1)).

Judge fairness by the purpose and character of the dealing (including whether it is commercial), the nature of the work, the amount and substantiality of the portion used, and the effect on the potential market for the work (s. 13(2A)); the statute sets no headline-length or short-extract cap.

You may reuse a small amount of a published work as a quotation, without the permission of the author or copyright owner, fairly and to no greater extent than the activity requires, and where the work shows the author's name you must state the author's name, the source and the manner of publication (s. 14).

Indicate the source and the author's name, so far as practicable, for each use under section 21.

For every use below, cite the source, do not alter the work, and do not affect its normal exploitation (art. 148).

Weigh the use against the purpose and commercial character of the use, the nature of the work, the amount used relative to the whole, and the effect on the work's potential market.

Do not reproduce a literary or artistic work outside those closed exceptions without the author's authorization: the general reproduction right of Article 3 applies, and the law has no text-and-data-mining exception or machine-readable opt-out mechanism.

You may use political speeches and extracts from public lectures or similar works to the same extent, but the author keeps the exclusive right to compile them into a collection, so do not publish such a collection (Article 50).

You may reproduce in the press, or communicate in a broadcast, an article on a current economic, political or religious topic published in a newspaper, magazine or similar periodical or in a broadcast, unless that was expressly reserved when it was first published or broadcast; clearly mention the source (s. 15(7)).

Do not use the reporting exception to copy a newspaper article, periodical or similar work where the copyright owner has expressly prohibited that use (s. 35).

Do not use any of these exceptions where the author has indicated that the work may not be reproduced, broadcast or otherwise communicated (s. 20(2)).

Do not treat either as a blanket exception for routine reproduction of headlines or extracts: the dealing must still be fair on the specific facts and directed at reporting current events, not merely republishing another outlet's content.

You may reproduce a work seen or heard in connection with reporting on a current event, to the extent the informational purpose justifies; reproduce it in full only in exceptional cases (art. 42).

Do not rely on the quotation exception to reproduce a current political, social or economic news article in full: unlike a dedicated press-review clause, it carries no separate allowance for that.

Do not reproduce the whole or a substantial part of a database under the free-reproduction privilege (art. 10); a database is protected as an ordinary compilation where its selection or arrangement is an original creation (art. 5).

Judge fairness by the purpose and character of the use, the nature of the work, the amount and substantiality of the portion used, and the effect of the use on the potential market or value of the work (s. 20(1)(d)).

You may reproduce and publicly communicate articles, notes and similar works on current economic, political, religious and similar topics to inform the public, without permission or payment and within what the purpose justifies, unless the author has specifically prohibited it; credit author and source (Article 52(1)(6)).

Keep any such use from conflicting with the work's normal exploitation and from unreasonably prejudicing the author's legitimate interests (Article 51).

Treat a compilation or arrangement of that excluded material, and any creation or intellectual effort behind it, as protected where it is itself distinguished (art. 4).

Do not assume the exception covers an online news aggregator's reproduction of headlines or snippets: the clause names no website, online publication or internet news service, and the question has not been tested.

Indicate the source and the author's name, so far as practicable, for both uses.

Do not rely on the private-use exception to reproduce the whole or a substantial part of a database in digital form (sec. 7(b)(3)).

Indicate the source and the author, as far as practicable, for both uses.

Do not treat these exceptions as covering routine reproduction of headlines or extracts outside a current-events or informatory purpose.

Apply the article 41 exception restrictively and never contrary to fair practice (art. 45); it has no headline-length or short-extract cap and is not confined to the press.

Respect an author's moral rights of attribution (paternity) and integrity in a literary or artistic work: both are non-transferable, and the integrity right can be waived only by signed writing.

Do not use that permission where the author has explicitly reserved the right of reproduction or communication to the public; a publisher can withdraw it for its own content by express reservation, and a reproduction outside its conditions is an ordinary infringement (arts. 19, 48).

Do not do so where the article at publication, or the broadcast work at broadcast, carried an express reservation prohibiting that use.

Name the author and the source of every quotation.

Do not treat article 1274 as covering text-and-data-mining, mass scraping for indexing, aggregation beyond quotation-length excerpts, or model training: it names no exception for them, so the ordinary reproduction right applies.

Indicate the source and the author's name, as far as practicable, for each use under article 297.

Do not assume these exceptions cover an aggregator's systematic reproduction of headlines and snippets: no reported Rwandan decision applies them to it.

Judge fairness by the nature of the work, the extent and substantiality of the part used relative to the whole, the purpose and character of the use, and the effect on the potential market for or value of the work (section 55); the Act sets no separate headline-length or short-extract cap.

Weigh fairness on the factors a court applies: the nature of the work, the extent and substantiality of the part used relative to the whole, and the effect of the use on the potential market for or commercial value of the work (section 57).

Test whether a dealing is fair against what a court will weigh: the nature of the work, the extent and substantiality of the part affected, the purpose and character of the use, and the effect on the potential market for or commercial value of the work.

Do not reproduce or slavishly imitate a work's configuration where that could cause confusion as to the work or its author (art. 101).

Do not reproduce a periodical's regular columns so systematically that they identify the periodical's usual and typical content (art. 101).

Name the author and publisher where possible and, for some of these uses, pay equitable remuneration (art. 76).

Do not let the use conflict with the normal exploitation of the work or unjustifiably prejudice the legitimate interests of rights holders (Article 37(1)).

Do not assume a systematic aggregator's reproduction of headlines and snippets falls within either exception: no reported Senegalese decision has tested the point.

Treat a database as protected only where its selection or arrangement of contents is itself an original creation (art. 8(3)); there is no separate database right.

Indicate the author's name, the title of the quoted work, and where and when it was published or issued, where known (art. 49).

Treat a collection of data, including a database in machine-readable or other form, as protected where it is original by reason of the selection or arrangement of its contents (s. 5(1)(b)).

Judge fairness by the purpose and character of the use (including whether it is commercial or non-profit and educational), the nature of the work, the amount and substantiality of the portion used relative to the whole, and the effect of the use on the potential market for, or value of, the work (s. 191).

Do not assume that reproducing a headline or a short extract from another outlet's reporting is fair use: it turns on that general four-factor test, with no headline-length or short-extract cap, and no reported Singapore decision has applied it to a systematic news aggregator.

Treat a compilation of news content as protected by ordinary copyright: a literary work is defined to include any written table or compilation (s. 2).

You may present periodic compilations of press articles as press reviews or press digests, which are treated as quotations; if a compilation consists essentially of mere reproduction for commercial purposes, pay equitable remuneration to an author who has not expressly objected, and obtain the authorization of an author who has (art. 32.1).

If you are a content-aggregation service provider making press text or text fragments available to the public, obtain the rights holder's authorization under Article 129 bis (art. 32.2, as amended in 2021).

Do not assume the exception covers a systematic aggregator's reproduction of headlines and snippets: no court ruling has confirmed whether it reaches anything beyond a reporter's own newspaper summary.

Cite the source of any media content (articles, news, investigations, programs, notes, comments or similar material) that you transmit or publish, including on a network communication outlet whose published content any individual can access.

Cite the source even where the content is not protected by copyright or the source has not reserved its rights: the duty is not conditioned on either.

Do not use either exception where the act conflicts with a normal exploitation of the work or unreasonably prejudices the owner's legitimate rights; reproducing more than a short, attributed excerpt, or enough to substitute for the original article, falls outside a plain reading of either ground.

Stay within fair practice and the extent justified by the purpose: neither section sets a numeric length cap, and going beyond those limits exposes you to the Act's ordinary infringement remedies.

Accompany the quotation with an indication of its source and the name of the author, if the author's name appears in the work quoted.

Do not assume the quotation exception covers a systematic aggregator's headlines and snippets: it has no headline-length or short-extract cap and is not confined to the press, but that use, as against a traditional press review, has not been tested in a reported Tunisian decision.

Do not assume the quotation exception covers a systematic aggregator's headlines and snippets: it has no headline-length or short-extract cap beyond fair practice and the quoting work's own purpose, but that use, as against a traditional press summary, has not been tested in a reported Ugandan decision.

If you are such an outlet, you may publish articles on subjects of current public concern; do not do so where the author stated a publication ban.

Keep any copying within the limits justified by its purpose; there is no separate headline-length or short-extract cap.

Do not run commercial, non-transformative snippet aggregation that substitutes for licensed feeds: a court held that fails fair use (Meltwater).

Do not assume the exception covers an aggregator that extracts a headline or short snippet in wording different from the source's own: it has no headline or short-extract cap and is not confined to the press, but the exact-version condition suits reproducing a news item whole, as a press clipping does.

Check for the author's prohibition before relying on the second exception: it is an author opt-out, not an unconditional licence.

Do not assume either exception covers a systematic aggregator's headlines and snippets: neither has a headline-length or short-extract cap, but that use, as against a newspaper's own current-events report, has not been tested in a reported Zambian decision.

Do not rely on either press exception where the use conflicts with a normal exploitation of the work or unreasonably prejudices the copyright owner's legitimate interests.

Treat a database compiled through the selection, coordination, or arrangement of its contents as a protected work: do not reproduce all or a substantial part of it without the rights holder's authorization, even though the underlying facts and data are not themselves protected.

Do not extract or re-utilise all or a substantial part of the contents of a database that reflects substantial investment in obtaining, verifying or presenting its contents, without the database right owner's authorisation, unless a statutory exception applies.

Do not reproduce, distribute, make available to the public, or otherwise communicate the whole or a substantial part of a database whose making required a qualitatively or quantitatively substantial investment, without the producer's authorization.

Do not repeatedly and systematically extract or reuse insubstantial parts of such a database if doing so conflicts with the database's normal use or unreasonably prejudices the producer's legitimate interests, even though a single insubstantial extraction is free.

Treat a database compiled through the selection, coordination, or arrangement of its contents as a protected literary work: do not reproduce the whole or a substantial part of it without the rights holder's authorisation, even though the underlying facts and data are not themselves protected.

Do not rely on the Act's private-reproduction exception to copy the whole or a substantial part of a database; that exception does not extend to a database.

Do not reproduce, translate, adapt, reorganize, distribute, or communicate to the public a database whose selection, organization, or arrangement of content is an intellectual creation, without the rightsholder's authorization.

Treat a database compiled through the selection or arrangement of its contents as a protected work: do not reproduce all or a substantial part of it without the rights holder's authorization, even for otherwise-permitted private use.

Rely only on the Law's enumerated exceptions rather than a general fair-use or text-and-data-mining defense when quoting, analyzing, or reproducing a protected work: a short quotation or analysis, a press review, or current-events reporting, each requiring clear credit to the author and source, and none framed as covering AI training.

Treat a database compiled through the selection or arrangement of its contents as a protected work: do not reproduce all or a substantial part of it without the rights holder's authorization, even for otherwise-permitted private use.

Rely only on the Law's enumerated exceptions rather than a general fair-use or text-and-data-mining defense when quoting, analyzing, or reproducing a protected work: a quotation compatible with fair practice, a press review, or current-events reporting, each requiring source and author credit, and none framed as covering AI training.

Treat a database compiled through an original selection, coordination, or arrangement of its contents as a protected composite work: do not exploit the whole or a substantial part of it by reproduction, representation, transformation, or distribution without the rights holder's authorization, even though the underlying facts and data are not themselves protected.

Do not reproduce or commercially deal in a substantial part of a database or compilation protected as a literary work under the extended Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 without the compiler's authorisation.

Do not reproduce the original selection or arrangement of a Costa Rican database compilation without the rightsholder's authorization; Costa Rican law protects a database only as a compilation, so it does not by itself bar extracting the underlying data.

Do not extract or re-utilize the whole, or a qualitatively or quantitatively substantial part, of a database made with a substantial investment by another person in the Czech Republic without the maker's authorization, and do not repeatedly and systematically extract insubstantial parts in a way that conflicts with the database's normal exploitation or unreasonably harms the maker's legitimate interests.

Treat a database compiled through the choice, coordination or arrangement of its contents as a protected work: do not reproduce all or a substantial part of that arrangement without the rights holder's authorization.

Do not reproduce or make available to the public the whole, or a substantial part, of a catalogue, table, database or similar compilation resulting from a substantial investment, without the maker's authorization, for 15 years from the year it was made or first made available.

Treat a database compiled through the selection or arrangement of its contents as copyright-protected: do not reproduce or copy all or a substantial part of a database, in whole or in part, without the rights holder's authorization, even after the database has been published.

Do not extract or re-utilise the whole, or a substantial part evaluated qualitatively or quantitatively, of a database reflecting a substantial investment by its maker, absent authorization or a statutory exception, per Copyright Act Section 75-4.

Do not reproduce a database whose selection or arrangement of contents is an original creation without the rightsholder's authorization; Ethiopia has no sui generis database right, so an unoriginal, purely factual database is not itself protected on that basis.

Do not rely on the personal-reproduction exception to copy the whole or a substantial part of a database in digital form; that exception does not extend to a database.

Do not extract or re-utilize the whole or a substantial part, evaluated qualitatively or quantitatively, of a database's contents without the maker's authorization, where the maker shows a substantial investment in obtaining, verifying, or presenting that content and is a national or habitual resident of a Member State, or a company or firm formed under a Member State's law with its registered office, central administration or principal place of business in the Community (Art. 11(1) and (2)). Under Art. 43 of Regulation (EU) 2023/2854 the right does not apply to data obtained from or generated by a connected product or related service within that Regulation's scope.

Do not repeatedly and systematically extract or re-utilize insubstantial parts of a database's contents where doing so conflicts with the database's normal exploitation or unreasonably prejudices the maker's legitimate interests, even where no single extraction takes a substantial part.

Do not reproduce or make available to the public the whole, or a qualitatively or quantitatively substantial part, of a list, database, or similarly compiled work made by another with substantial investment, without the maker's authorization, for 15 years from completion or first publication, under Tekijanoikeuslaki 49 sec.

Do not extract or reutilize a qualitatively or quantitatively substantial part of a French database's content without the producer's authorization, where the producer shows a substantial investment in constituting, verifying, or presenting that content.

Repeated or systematic extraction or reutilization of insubstantial parts can still infringe where it amounts, in its cumulative effect, to extracting or reutilizing a substantial part.

Do not reproduce a collection or database whose choice or arrangement of contents is an original intellectual creation without the rightsholder's authorization; Gabon has no sui generis database right, so an unoriginal, purely factual collection is not itself protected.

Do not extract or re-use the whole, or a qualitatively or quantitatively significant part, of a database's contents without the database producer's authorisation.

Do not repeatedly or systematically extract or re-use insignificant parts of a database if doing so conflicts with the database's normal exploitation or unreasonably prejudices the producer's legitimate interests.

Do not reproduce, distribute, or publicly communicate a database, or a substantial part of it, without the database maker's authorisation.

Do not repeatedly and systematically extract insubstantial parts of a database in a way that conflicts with its normal exploitation or unreasonably prejudices the maker's legitimate interests.

Do not reproduce a database whose selection or arrangement of contents is an original intellectual creation without the rightsholder's authorization; Ghana has no sui generis database right, so an unoriginal, purely factual database is not itself protected on that basis.

Do not rely on the personal-use exception to copy the whole or a substantial part of a database in digital form; that exception does not extend to a database.

Do not circumvent a technological measure that controls access to a protected work, and do not manufacture, import, or traffic in a device or service designed mainly to do so.

No text-and-data-mining exception exists in Guatemalan copyright law; reproducing a protected compilation's own original selection or arrangement to build a training dataset has no statutory carve-out and needs the rightsholder's authorization or a fair-use-style limitation.

Do not reproduce all or a substantial part of a database whose selection, coordination or arrangement of contents makes it an intellectual creation without the rightsholder's authorisation; the private-copy exception does not cover it.

Do not rely on a text-and-data-mining exception or a sui generis database right when copying Guinean databases; the law provides neither, so protection turns on the originality of the selection or arrangement alone.

Obtain the database producer's consent before extracting or re-utilizing the whole or a substantial part of a database's contents, per Szjt. Section 84/A(1), where obtaining, verifying, or presenting that database's contents required substantial investment.

Do not repeatedly and systematically extract or re-utilize even an insignificant part of such a database if doing so conflicts with its normal exploitation or unreasonably prejudices the producer's legitimate interests, per Szjt. Section 84/A(3).

Do not repeatedly and systematically extract or re-utilise an insubstantial part of a protected Icelandic database if doing so conflicts with its normal exploitation or unreasonably prejudices the producer's legitimate interests, under Höfundalög Article 50.

Do not reproduce or make available the whole or a substantial part of a protected database without the producer's authorization within the 15-year protection term.

Do not reproduce, in any manner or form including onto a digital or electronic storage medium, a protected work, including a compilation of data, without the written permission of the author or the author's successors.

Do not extract or re-utilise all or a substantial part of the contents of a database in which a substantial investment (financial, human or technical) has been made in obtaining, verifying or presenting its contents, without the database right owner's authorisation (s. 321(1)-(2)).

Do not extract or re-utilize the whole or a substantial part of a database's content without the database maker's authorization, for the fifteen years (renewable on a substantial new investment) following the database's completion or first making-available.

Do not extract (permanently or temporarily transfer to another medium) or re-utilize (make available to the public) the whole, or a qualitatively or quantitatively substantial part, of a database that reflects a substantial investment by its maker, absent authorization or a statutory exception, per Article 57.

Do not repeatedly and systematically extract or re-utilize insubstantial parts of such a database in a way that conflicts with its normal use or unreasonably prejudices the maker's legitimate interests, per Article 57(4).

Treat a database compiled through the selection or arrangement of its contents as a protected work; do not reproduce the whole or a substantial part of it without the rights holder's authorization, even where the reproduction would otherwise qualify as a permitted private copy.

Do not rely on a text-and-data-mining or general research exception when reproducing a protected work or database for training or analysis purposes; the Act states none.

Do not extract or re-utilize the whole, or a qualitatively or quantitatively substantial part, of the contents of a database whose producer made a substantial investment in obtaining, verifying, or presenting those contents, without the producer's authorization.

Do not repeatedly and systematically extract or re-utilize insubstantial parts of such a database's contents in a manner that conflicts with the database's normal exploitation or unreasonably prejudices the producer's legitimate interests.

Do not move the whole content of such a database, or a substantial part of it, to another medium or make it publicly available over computer networks without the maker's permission (Article 61(1)).

Do not make repeated and systematic extracts or use small parts of the content where this conflicts with the normal use of the database or infringes the maker's legitimate interests (Article 63(2)).

Do not extract or reuse the whole, or a substantial part evaluated qualitatively or quantitatively, of the contents of a database protected under this article without the producer's authorization.

Do not repeatedly and systematically extract or reuse insubstantial parts of a database's contents where doing so conflicts with the database's normal exploitation or unreasonably prejudices the producer's legitimate interests.

Extracting or re-utilizing the whole or a substantial part of a database's contents without the maker's consent risks infringing the sui generis database right, independent of any copyright in the database's contents (Art. 25).

Do not reproduce, translate, adapt, reorder, distribute, or publicly communicate a protected database's selection or arrangement, or a non-original database within its 5-year exclusive-use period, without the rightsholder's authorisation.

Before extracting or re-utilizing the whole, or a substantial part, of a database a Moldovan producer made a substantial investment in compiling, obtain the producer's authorization, unless a research, private-use, security, or judicial-proceeding exception applies.

Do not repeatedly and systematically extract or re-utilize insubstantial parts of such a database in a way that conflicts with its normal exploitation or unreasonably prejudices the producer's legitimate interests.

An app that scrapes, systematically uploads, or otherwise extracts a database created in Mongolia must act consistently with the rights and legitimate interests of the person who created it, and any reproduction of the works or information the database compiles needs a lawful basis under the Law.

Do not extract or reuse all or a substantial part of a database's contents without the maker's authorization where the maker has made a substantial investment in obtaining, verifying or presenting them.

Do not repeatedly and systematically extract or reuse insubstantial parts of a database's contents where doing so runs against the database's normal use or unreasonably harms the maker's legitimate interests.

Do not reproduce all or part of a database in digital form without the rights holder's authorization, even for a personal or non-commercial use; the private-use exception does not reach a digital-form database.

Rely only on the Law's enumerated exceptions (quotation, teaching, judicial and administrative use, library archiving, and similar narrow purposes) rather than a general fair-use or text-and-data-mining defense; none of them addresses training an AI model on copyrighted content or a compiled database.

Reproducing the whole or a substantial part of a database in digital form requires the right holder's authorization; it is not covered by the Law's personal-use exception.

Do not reproduce a collection of works, or a data set or database, that is original in its presentation, collection, or expression, without the author's or copyright owner's authorisation; Nepal has no sui generis database right, so protection turns on this originality test rather than on investment alone.

Do not reproduce a significant portion of a database through digital transmission where doing so would be prejudicial to the economic right of the author or the copyright owner.

Do not extract or re-utilize the whole or a substantial part of a database's contents without the producer's authorization, and do not repeatedly and systematically extract or re-utilize insubstantial parts in a way that conflicts with the database's normal exploitation or unreasonably prejudices the producer.

Do not reproduce the whole, or an important part, of a protected compilation or database in digital form without the rights holder's authorization; the personal-use privilege does not cover it.

When reproducing a fragment of a protected work under the quotation right, limit the reproduction to what the citation, analysis, comment, or criticism justifies, and name the source and the author.

Do not extract or re-utilize the whole or a substantial part, evaluated qualitatively or quantitatively, of the contents of a database without the database maker's permission.

Do not repeatedly and systematically extract or re-utilize insubstantial parts of a database's contents in a manner contrary to its normal exploitation, or in a way that unreasonably prejudices the database maker's legitimate interests.

Do not extract or reuse all or a substantial part of a database's contents without the producer's authorisation where the database resulted from a substantial investment in collecting, checking or presenting its contents.

Do not repeatedly or systematically extract or reuse immaterial parts of such a database in a way that harms its normal use or unreasonably prejudices the producer's legitimate interests.

Do not rely on the personal-copying exception to justify copying a database or a compilation of data; that exception does not reach either.

Do not rely on the personal-use copying privilege to justify copying a database or compilation of data; that privilege does not reach it.

Get the producer's authorization before extracting or reusing a substantial part, by quality or quantity, of a protected database's contents; the right runs 15 years from the database's completion or first public availability.

Do not repeatedly and systematically extract or reuse even an insubstantial part of a database in a way that conflicts with its normal exploitation or unreasonably prejudices the producer's legitimate interests.

Do not extract or re-use, for direct or indirect commercial purposes, a substantial part of a database protected by Portugal's sui generis database right or database copyright without the maker's or author's authorization.

Do not extract materials from a database that required substantial financial, material, or organizational outlay to create, or reuse those materials, without the rightholder's permission, where the database is Russian-made or otherwise covered by Civil Code Article 1336; a database of at least 10,000 independent elements is presumed to meet the substantial-outlay threshold, and extraction covers transferring its whole content or a substantial part onto another medium by any technical means, which reaches automated bulk scraping.

Do not reproduce a collection of works or of data, including a database, whose selection, coordination, or arrangement is original, without the authorisation of the collection's author or other copyright owner, unless a specific exception such as quotation or news reporting applies.

Do not reproduce a compilation, anthology, or systematic collection whose choice or arrangement of contents is itself an intellectual creation, without the rightsholder's authorization; Sao Tome and Principe has no sui generis database right, so an unoriginal, purely factual collection of data is not itself protected against reproduction.

Do not extract or re-utilise the whole or a substantial part, in quantitative or qualitative terms, of a database's contents without the database producer's authorisation.

Do not systematically extract or re-utilise insubstantial parts of a database's contents where doing so conflicts with the database's normal exploitation or unreasonably prejudices the producer's legitimate interests.

Do not extract or reutilize the whole contents of such a database, or a qualitatively or quantitatively substantial part of it, without the maker's consent (Section 135(1)).

Do not repeatedly and systematically extract or reutilize insubstantial parts of the contents where this conflicts with the normal use of the database and unreasonably interferes with the maker's legally protected interests (Section 135(5)).

Do not reproduce, distribute, broadcast, or transmit all or a substantial part of a database another party made a substantial investment to build, verify, or present.

Do not extract or reuse the whole, or a substantial part evaluated qualitatively or quantitatively, of a database that reflects a substantial investment by its maker, absent authorization or a statutory exception, per TRLPI Article 133.

Do not reproduce a computer-readable database whose selection or arrangement of contents is original, without the compiler's authorization.

Do not extract or make copies of a substantial part of a database compiled by, or resulting from a substantial investment of, a person or business connected to Sweden without authorization, for fifteen years from the database's completion.

Do not reproduce the whole or a substantial part of a collection of works or of data that is original by its selection, coordination, or arrangement, without the copyright owner's authorization.

Do not transfer a substantial part or all of the content of a database that reflects a substantial investment by its producer to another medium, or distribute, sell, rent, or communicate that content to the public, without the database producer's permission, for fifteen years from the database's disclosure.

Do not extract or re-utilise, without the database maker's authorization, the whole or a substantial part of the contents of a database whose maker made a qualitatively or quantitatively significant investment in obtaining, verifying or presenting those contents.

Do not extract or re-utilise all or a substantial part of the contents of a UK database protected by database right without the maker's consent.

Providing public access to a database of protected works over a telecommunication network requires the rightholder's authorization.

Obtain the author's authorization before reproducing a copyrighted work by any means, including temporary electronic storage during crawling, since no text-and-data-mining exception applies.

Do not rely on the quotation, teaching, or private-copy exceptions to reproduce copyrighted text at scale for model training; they are narrow and conditioned on non-commercial, limited use.

Do not copy, reproduce, or communicate to the public a substantial part of a copyrighted work without the owner's authorisation, unless a section 14 to 25 exception applies, such as the section 22 exception for a single copy or adaptation of a computer program made to use it for the purpose it was obtained, for archival purposes, or to replace a lost or destroyed copy.

Before using the general text-and-data-mining exception to reproduce a copyrighted work, database or computer program found online in Croatia for AI training, check whether the rightsholder has reserved their rights through a machine-readable signal such as metadata or the website's general terms; if they have, the exception does not cover your use.

Do not train on or mine a work whose rightholder has reserved the use through a machine-readable or other appropriate means.

Honor a rightholder's express, suitably given reservation, including a machine-readable reservation on a work made available online, before relying on the general text-and-data-mining exception to mine that work in the Czech Republic.

Do not extract from, or make copies of, a work you have lawful access to for text and data mining, including AI training, where the rights holder has expressly reserved that use in an appropriate manner such as a machine-readable opt-out.

Do not reproduce or transform a substantial part of a copyrighted work, including for training a model on scraped text, outside the law's quotation, teaching-reproduction, or press-review and news-of-the-day exceptions, without the rights holder's authorization.

Text and data mining outside that library, archive, or museum context, such as mining text scraped from the open web for model training, is not covered by this exception and needs another lawful basis.

Before relying on the Article 4 exception, check whether the rightholder has expressly reserved the use in an appropriate manner (Art. 4(3)); for content made publicly available online, recital 18 treats machine-readable means, including metadata and the terms and conditions of a website or service, as the appropriate way to reserve it.

Skip or license content whose rightholder has expressly reserved the use in an appropriate manner, unless the mining involves no protected reproduction or extraction (recital 9) or another exception covers it, such as Article 3 for research organisations and cultural heritage institutions or Article 5(1) of Directive 2001/29/EC for temporary acts of reproduction.

Do not circumvent an effective technological measure, as Article 6(3) defines the term, where you know, or have reasonable grounds to know, that circumventing it is what you are doing (Art. 6(1)).

Do not knowingly and without authority remove or alter electronic rights-management information, as Article 7(2) defines the term (Art. 7(1)(a)).

Making for sale or hire, importing other than for private and domestic use, or possessing in the course of a business with a view to committing an infringing act, an object that is and that you know or ought reasonably to know is an infringing copy of a copyright work is an offence.

Honor an author's express and appropriate reservation of the text-and-data-mining reproduction right before reproducing their work for that purpose under Tekijanoikeuslaki 13 b sec (1 mom.), unless you are a research organization or cultural heritage institution mining for scientific research under 13 b sec (2 mom.), which cannot be overridden by contract or technical measures.

Do not knowingly interfere, for purposes other than research, with an effective technical measure as defined in Article L. 331-5 in order to alter the protection of a work by decoding, decrypting or any other personal intervention meant to circumvent, neutralize or remove a protection or control mechanism (Article L. 335-3-1, I).

This law carries no text-and-data-mining exception; obtain the rightsholder's authorisation or a licence before reproducing copyrighted text or data from a Georgian source for AI training or data mining, unless a general exception such as the quotation exception genuinely fits the use.

Do not circumvent an effective technical measure protecting a work or other protected subject matter without the rightholder's consent, where you know or ought to know that the circumvention is meant to give access to it or to enable its use.

Do not disregard a rightsholder's machine-readable reservation of rights over a work accessible online; a reservation made only in natural language is not effective.

Stop making a reproduction available to others once the joint research or quality verification it was shared for has concluded.

Do not undermine measures a rightsholder takes to protect the security and integrity of its networks and databases.

Obtain a licence, or rely on the fair-dealing quotation exception, before reproducing a copyright-protected Grenadian work at scale for model training, since the Act has no text-and-data-mining exception.

Where relying on the quotation exception, keep the reproduction to a short part compatible with fair dealing, not exceeding the extent justified by the purpose, and give the source and the author's name.

Do not reproduce a protected work, or a collection of works or of data original in its selection, coordination or arrangement, beyond the narrow personal-use, library-preservation or teaching exceptions this law states.

Reproduce a work for text-and-data mining, including AI training, only where you have lawful access to it and the rightsholder has not objected in advance in an appropriate, machine-readable manner for online content, per Szjt. Section 35/A(1).

Get the rights holder's authorisation before reproducing or reusing copyrighted material, including a copyrighted database or compilation, to train an AI model; the fair-dealing exceptions do not name text-and-data-mining or AI training as a covered purpose.

Do not circumvent an effective technological protection measure applied to a work with the intention of infringing a right the Act confers.

Get the rights holder's permission before reproducing a copyrighted work in Indonesia, including through automated collection, unless the narrow research and criticism exception applies.

Do not copy, perform, distribute, supply or publish a copyrighted electronic data message without the author's permission.

Honour an express reservation of rights by the rightholder over the works or database used: Article 70-quater's general TDM permission, which art. 70-septies extends to AI training, does not apply where the rightholder has expressly reserved the use.

Do not rely on the fair-use exception where reproduction is obtained by circumventing a technological protection measure or removing rights-management information.

Honor a rights holder's explicit, machine-readable opt-out before relying on the general text-and-data-mining exception to reproduce a lawfully accessible work, per Article 21.1(3).

Obtain a licence from the rights holder before reproducing copyrighted literary, artistic or scientific expression at scale for AI-training purposes; bare facts and data are not protected and may be collected without one.

Do not rely on a text-and-data-mining exception, because none exists in this Order; any large-scale automated reproduction of protected expression must fit within the ordinary free-use exceptions in section 9 or be licensed.

Do not reproduce, translate, or republish a protected literary, artistic, or scientific work without the author's written or electronic permission; Libya has no separate database right, so an unoriginal collection or compilation is protected only to the extent its individual contents are.

Do not reproduce a copyrighted work outside the closed list of privileged uses (personal use, non-commercial teaching or scientific research illustration, or specified non-commercial digital reproduction) without the rightsholder's authorization.

There is no text-and-data-mining exception or machine-readable opt-out mechanism under this Act; obtain the rightsholder's authorization for bulk reproduction of copyrighted text for commercial purposes such as AI model training, unless a privileged use applies.

Do not reproduce more than a short part of a published work as a quotation unless the reproduction is compatible with fair practice and does not exceed what the purpose justifies, and, where the work shows the author's name, state the author's name, the source and the manner of publication.

Limit any copy made under section 29-4 to one made by a person permitted to use the work, solely for a study not for commercial advantage, to make a computational analysis of the data recorded in it, and do not rely on the quotation exception, the informational-purpose exception, or the personal-use reproduction exception to reproduce a full copyrighted work, or the whole or a substantial part of a database, to train a model.

Do not reproduce, adapt or communicate a substantial part of a copyrighted work to the public beyond the narrow private-use, quotation, research, teaching, library, or current-events exceptions in sections 16 to 22.

There is no text-and-data-mining exception; training on scraped copyrighted text must fit within one of the existing narrow exceptions, most plausibly the section 19 ground for scientific research or teaching illustration, or risk criminal liability under section 56.

An app training a model on, or reproducing, Mongolian copyrighted text can rely only on the Law's general free-use grounds (quoting for news, research, training, or criticism, or a library's own search database), each conditioned on naming the author and source, a non-profit purpose, a fair-use extent, and no market harm to the original work, because Mongolia has not enacted a text-and-data-mining-specific exception; a use outside those grounds needs the right holder's consent.

Reproducing a work beyond the Law's named exceptions (personal use excluding a whole or substantial database or book, quotation with attribution, teaching purposes, current-events reporting) requires the right holder's authorization.

Confirm that any reproduction of a literary or musical work stays within what section 15's fair dealing exceptions actually allow (research or private study, criticism or review, or reporting a current event) before scraping, storing, or redistributing that content at scale.

Do not rely on a text-and-data-mining-specific exception or a machine-readable opt-out signal to justify training on Namibian-sourced copyrighted text, since the Act provides neither; any such use has to fit within the general fair dealing exceptions in section 15.

Any other miner with lawful access may do the same only where the rightsholder has not expressly reserved the right in an appropriate way, including by machine-readable means on a work made available online; check for such a reservation before mining.

Do not copy, adapt, or otherwise use a copyrighted work, including a computer program, beyond the nine listed permission-free cases (personal or family use, library or archive preservation, school education, state management, press introduction, quotation, free performance, public-place copying, and Braille or sound recording for the blind).

Obtain the rights holder's permission before reproducing a work beyond the enumerated exceptions; a computer program is excluded from this part of the law entirely.

No text-and-data-mining-specific exception or machine-readable opt-out exists; a use exceeding the enumerated purposes needs the rights holder's permission.

Do not rely on the Law's Article 20 free-uses list (quotation for clarification or criticism, personal or educational use, or a single lawfully-owned computer-program copy) to reproduce Omani-copyrighted text for training an AI or machine-learning model; none of them reaches that use, and the Law has no text-and-data-mining exception.

Do not rely on a general fair use or text-and-data-mining exception to reproduce or train on copyrighted literary, dramatic, musical or artistic works gathered from Pakistan; section 57 of the Copyright Ordinance 1962 permits reproduction only for a closed list of purposes, none of which is text or data mining.

Do not reproduce, adapt, or otherwise use a substantial part of a protected literary or artistic work, including text from a published article, beyond what the private-use, quotation, teaching, reprographic, or informatory-purposes exceptions in this Act allow, without the author's or copyright owner's authorization.

Do not reproduce a substantial part of a database in digital form under the private-use exception; reproducing a database beyond what another exception allows requires the rightholder's authorization.

When quoting or reproducing a lawfully disclosed work under either exception, name the author and the source and stay within what fair practice and the exception's own purpose justify.

Weigh the purpose and character of a use of a copyrighted work, the nature of the work, the amount used, and the effect on the work's market before relying on fair use to reproduce it for training data or aggregation.

Honor a rightsholder's express opt-out from the general text-and-data-mining exception; for a work made available so that anyone can access it at a time and place of their choosing, that opt-out is valid only when expressed in a machine-readable format together with metadata.

Rely on the unconditional research text-and-data-mining exception, which no opt-out can defeat, only where you are a cultural-heritage institution or a covered higher-education or research body acting without a direct or indirect financial-gain purpose, and only while you keep the mined reproductions under access controls limited to authorized persons.

Check whether the rights holder of a legally accessible work has expressly reserved it against text and data mining in an adequate way, in particular by optical reading of content made available online, before mining it for that purpose, unless mining it as a research organization or cultural-heritage institution for scientific research.

A reproduction or adaptation of a protected work for automated collection or model training must fit within the Law's narrow permitted-use list (personal use, non-profit teaching illustration, or adapting a lawfully-held copy of a computer program); Qatar has no text-and-data-mining exception, so bulk ingestion of copyrighted text for training does not fit these categories and requires the author's authorisation.

Do not reproduce or extract text and data from a lawfully accessible work online for text-and-data-mining purposes if the rights holder has reserved that use through machine-readable means or another adequate method, per Legea nr. 8/1996 art. 36^2.

Where relying on fair dealing to reproduce a Vincentian literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work at scale for research or model training, confine the use to the research-or-private-study or criticism-review-reporting grounds, give a sufficient acknowledgement except when reporting current events, and weigh the four fairness factors in section 52, since the Act has no text-and-data-mining exception for scraping-derived training data.

Do not treat a written table or compilation as free of copyright merely because it is a compilation of data; it is protected like any other literary work only where it is original, and the Act confers no sui generis right over the underlying data itself.

Do not circumvent, without justification, a technical protection measure that a rights holder uses to protect its rights in a work, performance, sound recording or broadcast programme; the offence carries imprisonment of up to one year and a fine of up to one million riyals, or either, without prejudice to any heavier penalty under another law.

Copy a work in Saudi Arabia to develop artificial intelligence products or algorithms only where the work was lawfully published, the copy was lawfully acquired and the copying goes no further than that purpose needs, and keep records of the type, source, purpose and date of each use to give to a competent authority hearing a dispute.

Do not republish, distribute, make available or unnecessarily embed a work used for AI development in a final product without the rights holder's permission unless the work is in the public domain, and do not use it in a purely commercial framework unless the use is non-essential to the work or does not affect its normal exploitation.

Do not reproduce a work for text-and-data-mining purposes if the rightsholder has expressly reserved that use.

Honor an express, machine-readable rights reservation before relying on the general text-and-data-mining exception to reproduce a legitimately accessible work, per RDL 24/2021 art. 67.3.

Reproducing a copyrighted work for crawling or AI training must qualify as fair use under the general test, weighing the purpose and commercial character of the use, the nature of the work, the amount used, and the effect on the work's market.

Honor an author's appropriate, including machine-readable, reservation of the text-and-data-mining right before relying on the general exception in Upphovsrättslagen 15 a § to reproduce a work.

Do not retain a copy made under the text-and-data-mining exception longer than necessary for the mining purpose, and do not use it for another purpose.

Test a collection or training use of another's copyrighted work against Article 65's fair-use factors (purpose and character, nature of the work, proportion used, and market effect) case by case; there is no separate text-and-data-mining exception or opt-out mechanism to rely on instead.

An app must not use, copy, store, transport or transfer a copyrighted work or phonogram without the copyright holder's authorization where doing so causes major damage; no scientific-research, quotation or text-and-data-mining exception has been identified for this offense.

Reproducing or adapting more than a normal, non-prejudicial extract of another party's copyrighted work, including to train a model, needs a Section 32 to 35 exception or a licence, because Thai copyright law has no dedicated text-and-data-mining exception for automated bulk extraction.

Do not reproduce, communicate to the public, or otherwise use a protected work, including a compilation or database that is itself an intellectual creation, without the author's authorisation, unless a free-use exception in article 129 applies.

Reproducing, distributing, publicly exhibiting, or importing a copy of a copyrighted work without the rights holder's consent risks liability under this Ordinance, which provides no exception for text-and-data-mining, research, or other automated reproduction.

Do not import into the United Kingdom, otherwise than for your private and domestic use, an article that you know or have reason to believe is an infringing copy of a copyright work, unless the copyright owner has licensed it.

Do not, without the copyright owner's licence, possess in the course of a business, sell or let for hire, offer or expose for sale or hire, exhibit in public or distribute in the course of a business, or distribute otherwise than in the course of a business to such an extent as to affect the owner prejudicially, an article that you know or have reason to believe is an infringing copy of the work.

Obtain a licence or the rights holder's consent before crawling third-party websites to collect data for commercial AI model training, since the non-commercial-research text-and-data-mining exception does not cover commercial use.

Do not transfer a copy made under the non-commercial-research exception to anyone else, or use it for any purpose beyond that research, without the copyright owner's authorisation.

Do not intentionally remove or alter copyright management information, meaning the title, the names of the author and copyright owner, the copyright notice and the terms and conditions for use, on works you copy, unless the copyright owner or the law authorizes it.

Do not distribute, import for distribution or publicly perform works or copies, or distribute the information itself, knowing that copyright management information has been removed or altered without authority; for works and copies the text also requires that you know, or for civil remedies have reasonable grounds to know, that doing so will induce, enable, facilitate or conceal an infringement.

Do not reproduce, distribute, communicate, or make a copyrighted work available to the public without the author's consent, unless a free-use exception applies.

Do not reproduce the Pope's image, voice, speeches, or writings, or the published texts of Holy See or Vatican City State laws and official acts, without regard to the copyright and personality-right protections this law states for them.

Do not photograph or otherwise reproduce Vatican City State's protected cultural property unless you are the institution that holds custody of it.

Obtain the authorization of the press publisher or news agency before any total or partial reproduction or communication to the public of its press publication in digital form (Art. L218-2).

Obtain the press publisher's permission before, as a provider of information society services, making its press publication publicly available or reproducing it, in whole or in part, for online use.

Obtain the press publisher's authorisation before reproducing its press publication, in whole or in part, online or making it available to the public (Art. 51B).

Obtain the press publication publisher's consent before making it available to the public so that people can reach it from a place and at a time they choose, and before reproducing it electronically for that purpose.

Obtain the press publisher's permission before reproducing or making available online its press publication (the reproduction and making-available rights of sections 37, 39 and 40 of the Copyright and Related Rights Act 2000 apply to that use).

Obtain the press publisher's authorisation before reproducing or communicating to the public its journalistic publication online (the exclusive rights of LDA Articles 13 and 16).

If you are an information-society service provider, obtain the press publisher's permission before reproducing or making available online its press publication (a journalistic compilation published under one title in a periodical or regularly updated edition).

If you are an information-society service provider, obtain the electronic press publisher's permission before reproducing an electronic press publication or part of it, or making it publicly available online (Article 57-1).

Obtain the press publisher's authorisation before reproducing or making available online its press publication (the reproduction and making-available rights of articles 43 and 44).

Obtain the press publisher's authorisation before reproducing its press publications, or making them available to the public, in any online use.

If you are an information-society-service provider, obtain the press publisher's authorisation before reproducing its press publication online or making it available to the public (art. 7b(1)).

Obtain the press publisher's authorisation before reproducing its press publication for online use or making it available online, where the publisher is established in Poland or in an EU or EFTA/EEA state (art. 99(7)).

If you are an information-society service provider, obtain the authorisation of a press publisher established in an EU member state before reproducing, communicating to the public or making available online the whole or part of its press publications (art. 188.º-A(1)).

If you are an information-society service provider, obtain the authorisation of the press publisher before reproducing its press publications online (directly or indirectly, temporarily or permanently, in whole or in part) or making them available for individual access at a time and place the public chooses (art. 94^1(1)).

If you are an information-society service provider, obtain the periodical publisher's consent before reproducing its periodical or making it available online, unless the Act provides otherwise (s. 129c(1)-(2)).

If you are an information-society-service provider, obtain the authorisation of a media publisher established in the European Union before reproducing its media publication or making it available to the public.

Obtain the press publisher's or news agency's authorization before reproducing its press publication or making it available online (art. 129 bis(1)).

Obtain the authorisation of the maker of a press publication before copying it, or making it available to the public so that individuals can access it from a place and at a time they choose, through an information-society service or for online use (48 b-48 d §§).

If you index or mine Luxembourg press content for purposes other than scientific research, check for a publisher's machine-readable reservation first and do not mine content that carries one: it removes the exception's protection for that content.

Before text and data mining a legally accessible protected work, including a press publication, check whether the rights holder has expressly reserved that use in an adequate manner, in particular by optical reading of content made available to the public online (art. 75.º(2)(w)).

Do not mine content whose rights holder has reserved that use: the general text-and-data-mining exception does not cover it.

Before text-and-data mining a work, check whether the rightsholder has expressly reserved that use, and do not mine the work if it has (s. 51c).

Before mining, check whether the author has expressly and appropriately reserved use of the work, in particular through internationally recognized, standardized, machine-readable means carrying metadata and terms of use for a work publicly available online (art. 57.a).

Do not mine a work whose author has reserved its use in that way: the general exception does not apply to it.

Attribute the source and author, and expect fair use to be assessed against four factors: the nature of the work, the amount used, the purpose and commercial character of the use, and the effect on the potential market for the work.

Before mining, check for that reservation, and do not mine works whose rights holders have reserved the use.