NepalCopyright Act, 2059, database compilation protection and digital reproduction limit
Copyright Act, 2059 (2002), ss. 3(2), 16(2)
archived copy
Read from a public archive copy, not the publisher directly. The publisher does not serve this page to automated readers, so a direct fetch was not an option here; how we access sources. Archived . Publisher's page: http://www.lawcommission.gov.np/site/sites/default/files/Documents/the-copyright-act.pdfIn force since .
A database right rule binding public and private bodies.
- Obligation class
- Access restriction
- Audit expectation
- none
What it requires
- Do not reproduce a collection of works, or a data set or database, that is original in its presentation, collection, or expression, without the author's or copyright owner's authorisation; Nepal has no sui generis database right, so protection turns on this originality test rather than on investment alone.
- Do not reproduce a significant portion of a database through digital transmission where doing so would be prejudicial to the economic right of the author or the copyright owner.
These lines are LexLint's reading of the law's text.
In the frameworks
- NIST AI RMF
- MAP 4.1Approaches for mapping AI technology and legal risks of its components – including the use of third-party data or software – are in place, followed, and documented, as are risks of infringement of a third party’s intellectual property or other rights.
- NIST AI 600-1
- GAI-RISK-09Information Security
- GAI-RISK-12Value Chain and Component Integration
- OWASP LLM Top 10
- LLM03:2026Excessive Agency
- OWASP Agentic Top 10
- ASI03Identity and Privilege Abuse
- MIT mitigations Draft
- FINOS AIGF
- AIR-PREV-018Agent Authority Least Privilege Framework
- AIR-PREV-023Agentic System Credential Protection Framework
- ETSI EN 304 223
- 5.1.2-6Access the AI system gets to other systems and data sources is minimal and risk assessed.
Our reading of where this law's duties sit in each framework. It never says that running a control meets the law. How we read a framework against the law
Identifiers refer to ETSI EN 304 223 V2.1.1 (2025-12), © ETSI 2025, all rights reserved. ETSI owns the standard; no ETSI text (titles or sentences) is reproduced here. The standard is free to download from ETSI.
What it makes you log
Logging duty
Section 3(2) protects as original work a collection of works or a data or database readable with or without support of a machine, and section 16(2) bars reproduction of all or a significant portion of a database through digital transmission where it would prejudice the economic right of the author or owner. Neither imposes a duty to create, keep, produce or review a log or record, and neither carries a territorial clause, so no hook value is set.
- Kind
- None
- As of
What this law does
Section 3(2) protects, as an original work independent of the copyright in its underlying contents, any collection of works or any data or database readable with or without the support of a machine that is presented as original from the viewpoint of its presentation, collection, or expression. Nepal has no separate sui generis database right of the European kind; protection is compilation-based and turns on originality of selection or arrangement.
Section 16(2) separately bars reproducing a significant portion of a database through digital transmission, as an exception to the personal-use allowance, where doing so would be prejudicial to the economic right of the author or the copyright owner.
When LexLint raises it
When your app profile says your app crawls the web or trains models.
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