NicaraguaLey No. 312, protection of compilations and databases
Ley No. 312 (1999, as amended), arts. 14, 31.3
archived copy
Read from a public archive copy, not the publisher directly. The publisher does not serve this page to automated readers, so a direct fetch was not an option here; how we access sources. Publisher's page: http://legislacion.asamblea.gob.ni/normaweb.nsf/9e314815a08d4a6206257265005d21f9/87b347bc9bf5803c0625875e0076c6d9In force since .
A database right rule.
- Obligation class
- Attribution
- Audit expectation
- none
What it requires
- Do not reproduce the whole, or an important part, of a protected compilation or database in digital form without the rights holder's authorization; the personal-use privilege does not cover it.
- When reproducing a fragment of a protected work under the quotation right, limit the reproduction to what the citation, analysis, comment, or criticism justifies, and name the source and the author.
These lines are LexLint's reading of the law's text.
In the frameworks
- NIST AI RMF
- MAP 4.1Approaches for mapping AI technology and legal risks of its components – including the use of third-party data or software – are in place, followed, and documented, as are risks of infringement of a third party’s intellectual property or other rights.
- NIST AI 600-1
- GAI-RISK-10Intellectual Property
- MIT mitigations Draft
- 3.2Data Governance
- FINOS AIGF
- AIR-PREV-007Legal and Contractual Frameworks for AI Systems
- AIR-DET-013Providing Citations and Source Traceability for AI-Generated Information
Our reading of where this law's duties sit in each framework. It never says that running a control meets the law. How we read a framework against the law
If you get it wrong
Criminal exposureYes
Private right of actionYes
Criminal exposure note
The Act's own penal chapter (articles 106 to 108) is repealed. The Criminal Code (Ley No. 641) now punishes, in its articles 247 and 248, a person who, contravening the copyright law and for economic gain for themselves or a third party, reproduces a work in whole or in part by any means without the rights holder's written authorization: 300 to 500 day-fines or one to three years in prison, plus a ban on holding related posts or trades for the same period (article 248, as adopted in 2008).
Who enforces it
Enforcement body
Rights holders sue in the civil courts under article 97; the Criminal Code (Ley No. 641) punishes the offences and the Oficina Nacional de Derechos de Autor y Derechos Conexos registers and supervises collective-management societies (article 113).
Settledness
- As of
- Open questions
- Does "partes importantes" in article 31(3), which excludes from private copying "la reproducción de la totalidad o de partes importantes de bases de datos en forma numérica", turn on the quantity or the quality of the material extracted?
- Does the quotation right in article 32, which covers "la reproducción de un fragmento de obras ajenas" made "a título de cita", reach the extraction of fragments from many works to build a training corpus?
What it makes you log
Logging duty
El articulo 14 protege como obras independientes las colecciones y bases de datos que por seleccion o disposicion constituyan creaciones intelectuales, y el articulo 31 numero 3 excluye de la copia privada la reproduccion de la totalidad o de partes importantes de bases de datos en forma numerica; ninguno impone un deber de registro. In English: article 14 protects collections and databases that are intellectual creations by selection or arrangement, and article 31 point 3 excludes reproduction of all or important parts of numeric databases from the private-copy exception; neither imposes a record duty. The Act's text carries no territorial clause on these articles, so no hook value is set.
- Kind
- None
- As of
What this law does
Article 14 protects a collection such as an anthology, a compilation of texts, or a database as an independent work, without prejudice to the copyright in the works it contains, only where the selection or arrangement of its materials constitutes an intellectual creation; Nicaragua confers no sui generis database right beyond that compilation-copyright model.
Article 31 permits reproducing a single copy of a published work without the author's authorization for personal use, but expressly excludes from that privilege the reproduction of the whole or an important part of a database in digital form, so bulk reproduction of a protected database is not covered even for personal use.
Nicaragua has not enacted a text-and-data-mining exception; the general quotation right at article 32, permitting reproduction of a fragment for citation, analysis, comment, or criticism to the extent justified by that purpose, in accordance with fair practice and with the source and author named, is the closest applicable ground for excerpting a protected compilation or database.
The criminal-sanctions chapter the 1999 Act originally carried for copyright violations has since been repealed; civil enforcement runs through article 97, which entitles a rights holder to seek cessation of the infringing activity and compensation for the moral and patrimonial harm caused.
When LexLint raises it
When your app profile says your app crawls the web or trains models.
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