PakistanCopyright Ordinance 1962, closed enumerated fair dealing exceptions
Copyright Ordinance 1962, s. 57 (fair dealing)
In force since .
A copyright and text and data mining (TDM) rule binding public and private bodies.
- Audit expectation
- none
What it requires
- Do not rely on a general fair use or text-and-data-mining exception to reproduce or train on copyrighted literary, dramatic, musical or artistic works gathered from Pakistan; section 57 of the Copyright Ordinance 1962 permits reproduction only for a closed list of purposes, none of which is text or data mining.
These lines are LexLint's reading of the law's text.
In the frameworks
- NIST AI RMF
- MAP 4.1Approaches for mapping AI technology and legal risks of its components – including the use of third-party data or software – are in place, followed, and documented, as are risks of infringement of a third party’s intellectual property or other rights.
Our reading of where this law's duties sit in each framework. It never says that running a control meets the law. How we read a framework against the law
What it makes you log
Logging duty
Section 57 lists the acts that are not infringement (fair dealing for research, private study, criticism, review and reporting current events, judicial proceedings and similar purposes). It sets no duty to create, keep or produce a log or record, and the list contains no text-and-data-mining exception. Section 57-A, which the row does not cite, is a separate duty to display particulars on a published record or video film. The section carries no territorial clause.
- Kind
- None
- As of
What this law does
Section 57(1) permits fair dealing for research or private study and for criticism or review, among a short, closed list of purposes that do not constitute an infringement of copyright. That same closed list separately permits fair dealing for reporting current events, but only in a newspaper, magazine or similar periodical, or by broadcast, in a cinematographic work, or by means of photographs.
The rest of the list covers reproduction for a judicial proceeding, publication of a report of a political address, a certified copy made under another law, public reading of a reasonable extract, and reproduction of short passages in an educational, non-copyright collection.
The list is closed and does not include text-and-data-mining, machine learning, or any computer-based analysis of a work's text or data, so section 57 gives no statutory ground for training a model on scraped copyrighted text. Copyright infringement outside these exceptions is punishable under section 66 with imprisonment up to three years or a fine up to Rs 100,000, or both.
When LexLint raises it
When your app profile says your app crawls the web or trains models.
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