LiechtensteinUrheberrechtsgesetz Art. 22, Privileged Uses
URG, LGBl. 1999 Nr. 160, Art. 22
In force since .
A copyright and text and data mining (TDM) rule binding public and private bodies.
- Audit expectation
- none
What it requires
- Do not reproduce a copyrighted work outside the closed list of privileged uses (personal use, non-commercial teaching or scientific research illustration, or specified non-commercial digital reproduction) without the rightsholder's authorization.
- There is no text-and-data-mining exception or machine-readable opt-out mechanism under this Act; obtain the rightsholder's authorization for bulk reproduction of copyrighted text for commercial purposes such as AI model training, unless a privileged use applies.
- This article does not apply to computer programs at all.
These lines are LexLint's reading of the law's text.
In the frameworks
- NIST AI RMF
- MAP 4.1Approaches for mapping AI technology and legal risks of its components – including the use of third-party data or software – are in place, followed, and documented, as are risks of infringement of a third party’s intellectual property or other rights.
Our reading of where this law's duties sit in each framework. It never says that running a control meets the law. How we read a framework against the law
What it makes you log
Logging duty
Article 22 lists the privileged uses of a published work (personal use, illustration for teaching or research, specified copying for teaching, research or internal documentation, and non-commercial digital copying) and excludes computer programs. It imposes no duty to create, keep, produce or review a log or record. The record-keeping duty on authorized bodies in Article 26e (accessible-format copies) lies outside this row. The article carries no territorial clause.
- Kind
- None
- As of
What this law does
Published works may be used without the rightsholder's authorization only for a closed list of privileged purposes: use within a personal or closely connected circle, illustration in teaching or non-commercial scientific research, photomechanical reproduction for teaching, research, or internal documentation in an institution, and non-commercial digital reproduction for teaching or research.
The article does not apply to computer programs, and it does not create a text-and-data-mining exception or a machine-readable opt-out mechanism of the kind EU Directive 2019/790 introduced; a use falling outside this closed list, including bulk reproduction of copyrighted text for commercial AI training or aggregation, requires the rightsholder's authorization under the general reproduction right (Art. 10).
The closed list of privileged purposes in Art. 22(1)(a)-(d), quoted above, was inserted in its entirety by LGBl. 2006 Nr. 263, published , whose own commencement clause fixes that publication day as its Inkrafttreten; it replaced the original 1999 text of Art. 22(1).
When LexLint raises it
When your app profile says your app crawls the web or trains models.
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