Law / Frameworks / NIST Privacy Framework / Protect-P

NIST Privacy Framework, Protect-PPR.AC-P4

Access permissions and authorizations are managed, incorporating the principles of least privilege and separation of duties.NIST Privacy Framework, version 1.0, January 2020, PR.AC-P4

We read each law below as bearing on this control. That does not mean the control, done well, meets the law: what each law asks is on its own page. Law library as of .

33
laws
25
jurisdictions
1
with court rulings behind it
0
not yet in force

Related controls in other frameworks the same duties, in at least two laws we track, reach both

  • Belgium
  • Benin
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Cabo Verde
  • Croatia
  • Democratic Republic of the Congo
  • European Union
  • Germany
  • Italy
  • Kosovo
  • Latvia
  • Luxembourg
  • Marshall Islands
  • Mauritius
  • Montenegro
  • Morocco
  • New York
  • Poland
  • Rwanda
  • Sao Tome and Principe
  • Senegal
  • United Arab Emirates
  • United States
  • Vietnam

Sensitive categories

15 laws, 14 jurisdictions
JurisdictionLawWhat it asks, as read here
Belgium Act of 30 July 2018 Articles 8-10, Special-Category Processing Grounds

Designate the specific staff with access to genetic, biometric, or health data of a person in Belgium, keep that list available to the GBA/APD, and bind those staff to confidentiality, per Act Article 9.

Benin Loi n°2017-20 portant Code du Numérique en République du Bénin, Livre V, données sensibles et mineurs

Designate the categories of staff with access to sensitive personal data, keep that list available to the Autorité, and bind them to confidentiality by a legal, statutory, or contractual obligation.

Cabo Verde Law No. 133/V/2001 on the Protection of Personal Data, offence registers and special security measures

Take the additional information security measures Article 25 lists for special-category and criminal-record data, including controlling entry to processing premises, controlling who can read, copy or alter data carriers, controlling use of and access to the processing systems, and logically separating health and sex life data, including genetic data, from other personal data.

Croatia Rulebook on Processing Health and Other Personal Data in National Health Information Systems, Security Measures and Access Rules

Allow access only to users on the basis of user roles, authentication and authorization, keep audit records of all activity in the system, and require strong passwords of at least 16 characters (Article 8).

Democratic Republic of the Congo Digital Code, Title III, sensitive personal data and minors

Designate by function the staff who may access special-category personal data, keep that list available to the Data Protection Authority, and bind those staff to confidentiality by a legal, statutory or contractual duty.

Germany Health Data Use Act (GDNG) Sections 1 and 6 to 9, Secondary Use and Protection of Health Data

If several people work in the facility, create a rights and roles concept so that only authorized persons can further process the data and each further processing is logged (Section 6, paragraph 1).

Kosovo Law No. 06/L-082 on Protection of Personal Data, special categories, children and criminal-offence data

Where you rely on an Article 8(2) exception, protect special categories of personal data with heightened, classified safeguards against unauthorised access and use.

Luxembourg Insurance Sector Law Article 181-3, Lawful Processing of Health Data by Insurers and Reinsurers

Apply the measures Article 181-3 lists: a data protection officer, impact assessments, anonymization, pseudonymization or functional separation, encryption in transit with state-of-the-art key management, access restrictions, logging of the reason, date, time and person for each access, staff awareness, regular independent audit, sectoral codes of conduct and an internal policy on the principles of GDPR Article 5 (Article 181-3, paragraph 1, point 2).

Never derogate from the encryption, access restriction, logging, staff awareness and internal policy measures (Article 181-3, paragraph 3).

Mauritius Data Protection Act 2017, special categories of personal data

Handle special-category health data only by or under a person bound by professional secrecy where the processing is for preventive or occupational medicine, diagnosis, or healthcare.

Montenegro Law on Personal Data Protection, special categories of data

Distinctively designate and protect special categories of data against unauthorised access, under Article 13.

Show the other 5 laws
Morocco Law No. 09-08, sensitive personal data and offense records

Where you process sensitive or health data, put in place the heightened technical measures Article 24 lists: control who can enter the processing facility, who can read, copy, modify, or remove the data media, and who can access, transmit, or input the data, and keep a record of what sensitive data was input, when, and by whom.

Ontario Personal Health Information Protection Act, 2004, custodian and agent duties: consent, safeguards, information practices and marketing

Permit an agent to collect, use, disclose, retain or dispose of personal health information only where you are permitted to do so, it is necessary in the course of the agent's duties and the prescribed requirements are met, and take reasonable steps to ensure the agent acts only within that permission. You remain responsible for what your agents do.

Ontario Personal Health Information Protection Act, 2004, electronic service providers and health information network providers

Do not let your employees, or anyone acting for you, have access to the information unless they agree to comply with the same restrictions.

Rwanda Law relating to the Protection of Personal Data and Privacy, sensitive personal data and children's data

When processing sensitive personal data, build the capacity of staff involved, control who can access it, and apply technical and organisational measures appropriate to the risk, including storing it separately and applying tokenisation, pseudonymisation or encryption where appropriate.

Sao Tome and Principe Lei n.º 03/2016, sensitive categories and suspect records

Put in place the special safety measures the Law requires of a controller that processes sensitive data under Article 7(2) or keeps records of suspected unlawful activity under Article 8: control of premises entry, data-carrier handling, unauthorized disclosure, system access, transmission, and data-entry logging, and keep health and sex-life data logically separated from other personal data.

Sector security regimes

6 laws, 4 jurisdictions
JurisdictionLawWhat it asks, as read here
Belgium Law of 17 February 2022 (Electronic Communications Act Article 105), Ministerial Authorization for 5G Network Elements and Location of 5G Infrastructure

If you hold the list of sensitive zones, pass it only to people who need to know it and have access to it for their functions or mission in deploying and operating the 5G network (Article 105, paragraph 7).

European Union DORA Technical Standards on ICT Risk Management Tools, Methods, Processes and Policies and the Simplified ICT Risk Management Framework

Update access rights where changes are necessary and at least once a year for all ICT systems other than those supporting critical or important functions, and at least every 6 months for ICT systems supporting critical or important functions (Article 21).

Latvia Nacionālās kiberdrošības likums, Cybersecurity Risk-Management Measures

Since , do not give privileged access to your ICT systems to a staff member convicted of an intentional crime linked to terrorism, against the state, the administrative order or property, or in the economy, unless they are rehabilitated or the conviction has been cleared; if such a person is convicted and not cleared, decide individually on their employment after weighing the security risk (Article 26.1).

New York DFS Guidance: Cybersecurity Risks Arising from Artificial Intelligence and Strategies to Combat Related Risks

The Department says you should consider authentication factors that can withstand AI-manipulated deepfakes, avoiding authentication by SMS text, voice or video and using forms such as digital-based certificates and physical security keys; it states that as of November 2025 the regulation requires multi-factor authentication for all authorized users attempting to access your information systems or nonpublic information, and that your access controls must limit each authorized user's privileges to those necessary for the user's job functions.

New York DFS Guidance: Measures Regulated Entities Should Consider in a Heightened Cybersecurity Threat Environment

The Department says you should consider restricting multi-factor authentication enrollment and changes to authorized processes with strong identity verification, employing phishing-resistant multi-factor authentication methods such as authenticator applications with number matching or hardware tokens, and conducting privileged access reviews, especially for threat-relevant users, systems and devices.

New York New York Department of Financial Services Cybersecurity Regulation, Access Privileges and Management

Based on your risk assessment, limit user access privileges on information systems that provide access to nonpublic information to only those necessary to perform the user's job, limit the number of privileged accounts and their access functions to only those necessary to perform the user's job, and use a privileged account only when performing functions that require that access.

Review all user access privileges periodically and at least annually, and remove or disable accounts and access that are no longer necessary; promptly terminate access following departures.

+1 more

Comprehensive regime

5 laws, 5 jurisdictions
JurisdictionLawWhat it asks, as read here
Bosnia and Herzegovina Law on the Protection of Personal Data of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Implement technical and organizational measures appropriate to the risk under Article 34, including pseudonymization and encryption where appropriate, and instruct anyone with access to personal data not to process it beyond the controller's authorization.

Cabo Verde Law No. 133/V/2001 on the Protection of Personal Data

Do not process personal data you access in the course of your duties except on the controller's instructions, unless the law requires otherwise, and keep personal data confidential as a matter of professional secrecy, both during and after your role ends.

Democratic Republic of the Congo Digital Code, Title III: Personal Data Protection

Implement technical and organizational measures against unauthorized or unlawful processing and against accidental loss, destruction or alteration, confine internal access to what each role requires, and train staff on their data protection duties.

Marshall Islands Personal Data Protection Act 2025, government personal-data protection principles

Store or process personal data with technical and organizational security measures that protect against unauthorized or unlawful processing and against unintentional loss, destruction, or damage, and limit access to staff who need it for their duties.

Senegal Loi n° 2008-12 du 25 janvier 2008 sur la Protection des Données à Caractère Personnel (Personal Data Protection Act)

Take precautions appropriate to the nature of the data, including restricting access to authorized staff and keeping security copies.

Biometric privacy

3 laws, 3 jurisdictions
JurisdictionLawWhat it asks, as read here
Italy Garante Provvedimento n. 146/2019, Genetic, Health, and Biometric Data Prescriptions

Apply Provvedimento 146/2019's security measures (documented access controls, encryption or pseudonymization, controlled transmission) before processing genetic data of a person in Italy.

Poland GDPR Article 9, Act Article 107(2), and Kodeks Pracy Article 22(1b), Biometric Data

Rely on a Polish employee's consent to process their biometric data only where the employee supplied the data on their own initiative, and let only people you have authorized in writing process it, bound to confidentiality, under Kodeks pracy Article 22(1b); processing needed to control access to particularly important information or to premises that need special protection is also permitted under Article 22(1b).

Vietnam Law on Personal Data Protection, biometric and location data protection

An app that collects or processes biometric data, meaning physical attributes and unique, stable biological characteristics used to identify a person, from an individual in Vietnam must apply physical security measures, limit access, and maintain a monitoring system to detect infringement, and must notify the data subject where its processing damages that person.

Age-appropriate design code

1 law, 1 jurisdiction
JurisdictionLawWhat it asks, as read here
United Arab Emirates Federal Decree by Law Regarding Child Digital Safety, platform duties

Do not collect, process, publish or share the personal data of a child under 13 unless you obtain explicit, documented, verifiable parental consent, provide a rapid way to withdraw it, disclose your data-privacy policy and restrict access to authorised personnel.

Cross border transfer

1 law, 1 jurisdiction
JurisdictionLawWhat it asks, as read here
United States DOJ Data Security Program (Bulk Sensitive Personal Data Rule)

Apply the required security safeguards to a restricted vendor, employment, or investment transaction that would give a country of concern or covered person access to that data.

Product security requirements

1 law, 1 jurisdiction
JurisdictionLawWhat it asks, as read here
European Union Data Act, Essential Requirements for Smart Contracts That Execute Data Sharing Agreements

It reaches you if you are the vendor of an application using smart contracts or, in the absence of one, the person whose trade, business or profession involves deploying smart contracts for others, in the context of executing an agreement, or part of one, to make data available (Article 36(1); Article 1(3), point (g)). Make those smart contracts robust and access-controlled: design them to offer access control mechanisms and a very high degree of robustness to avoid functional errors and to withstand manipulation by third parties (Article 36(1), point (a)).

Protect the smart contract through rigorous access control mechanisms at the governance and smart contract layers, and keep it consistent with the terms of the data sharing agreement that it executes (Article 36(1), points (d) and (e)).

Full text of the NIST Privacy Framework, public domain (a US government work). Every control of the framework.