Law / Frameworks / NIST Privacy Framework / Govern-P
NIST Privacy Framework, Govern-PGV.PO-P5
Legal, regulatory, and contractual requirements regarding privacy are understood and managed.NIST Privacy Framework, version 1.0, January 2020, GV.PO-P5
We read each law below as bearing on this control. That does not mean the control, done well, meets the law: what each law asks is on its own page. Law library as of .
- 220
- laws
- 123
- jurisdictions
- 5
- with court rulings behind them
- 13
- not yet in force
- 8
- proposed, not law
Related controls in other frameworks the same duties, in at least two laws we track, reach both
- NIST AI RMFGOVERN 1.1 Legal and regulatory requirements involving AI are understood, managed, and..., 4 laws
- NIST AI 600-1GAI-RISK-07 Human-AI Configuration, 3 laws
- NIST AI 600-1GAI-RISK-09 Information Security, 2 laws
- NIST AI 200-22.3 Apply & Measure, 3 laws
- NIST AI 200-24.3 Composing a TEVV Toolbox, 3 laws
- OWASP LLM Top 10LLM03:2026 Excessive Agency, 3 laws
- OWASP Agentic Top 10ASI09 Human-Agent Trust Exploitation, 3 laws
- MIT mitigations1.1 Board Structure & Oversight, 3 laws
- MIT mitigations1.2 Risk Management, 3 laws
- MIT mitigations3.5 Post-deployment Monitoring, 3 laws
- 4 more in the MIT mitigations
- NIST CSF 2.0PR.DS-01 The confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data-at-rest are protected, 5 laws
- NIST CSF 2.0ID.AM-08 Systems, hardware, software, services, and data are managed throughout their..., 2 laws
- FINOS AIGFAIR-DET-004 AI System Observability, 136 laws
- FINOS AIGFAIR-DET-021 Agent Decision Audit and Explainability, 136 laws
- FINOS AIGFAIR-PREV-005 System Acceptance Testing, 129 laws
- 10 more in the FINOS AIGF
- ETSI EN 304 2235.1.4-1 Capability for human oversight designed in and maintained., 3 laws
- ETSI EN 304 2235.2.1-1 Full inventory of assets, including their dependencies and connections., 3 laws
- ETSI EN 304 2235.2.4-1 Developers keep an audit trail of system design and post-deployment..., 3 laws
- 2 more in the ETSI EN 304 223
A law in force is unmarked; the rest wear their state: not yet in force proposed
Enforcement supervision
77 laws, 73 jurisdictions| Jurisdiction | Law | What it asks, as read here |
|---|---|---|
| Alabama Personal Data Protection Act (HB 351), Attorney General enforcement from , in 6 months |
Cure a noticed violation within 45 days and provide a written statement confirming the cure to avoid a civil penalty of not more than $15,000 per violation; the Attorney General must give this 45-day cure notice before bringing any enforcement action. |
|
| Law No. 124/2024, Commissioner, remedies, liability and penalties |
Comply with a Commissioner order such as a warning, a notice, a processing restriction, a rectification or erasure order, or a suspension of a data transfer, and expect an administrative fine reaching 2,000,000,000 Albanian Lek or 4% of worldwide annual turnover, whichever is higher, for the most serious violations, or 1,000,000,000 Lek or 2% for the minors' online consent rule, the non-identification rule, and most of the controller and processor obligations chapter other than Article 22 itself. |
|
| Loi n° 18-07 relative à la protection des personnes physiques, contrôle, sanctions et voies de recours |
Answer the ANPDP's own inspections and audits, and expect the tiered criminal penalties this law sets, from a fine alone up to five years' imprisonment, for the specific duty you breach. |
|
| LQPD, the Andorran Data Protection Agency, its powers, infractions and sanctions |
Cooperate with an Agency investigation, including giving inspectors access to your premises, equipment, processing means and any information they request. Comply with a corrective order the Agency issues, which can include a warning, a reprimand, an order to fulfil a data subject's rights request, an order to bring processing into compliance, a temporary or definitive limitation or ban on processing, or an order suspending data flows to a third country. |
|
| Law on the Protection of Personal Data, enforcement and supervision |
Register a code of conduct with the APD before relying on it, and expect the APD to reject a code that conflicts with this law or other applicable legislation. Interrupt, cease or block processing once the APD has notified you to do so, and cooperate with an APD request, on pain of up to three years' imprisonment or a corresponding fine for qualified disobedience. |
|
| Data Protection Act, 2013, information commissioner and enforcement |
Comply with a requirement the Information Commissioner specifies in an enforcement notice or an information notice, and expect an appeal against that requirement, or against a decision of the Information Commissioner, to lie to the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court. |
|
| Ley 25.326, enforcement, sanctions, and the habeas data action |
Give the control body the antecedents, documents, programs, or other elements about your personal-data processing that it requests, and let it verify your compliance with the Act, including through a judicially authorized inspection. Register a private-sector code of conduct for personal-data processing practices with the control body before relying on it as your compliance standard. |
|
| Privacy Act 1988 (Cth), Civil Penalties for Serious Interference with Privacy |
Do not do an act, or engage in a practice, that is a serious interference with the privacy of an individual. |
|
| Privacy Act 1988 (Cth), Civil Penalty for Interference with Privacy |
Do not do an act, or engage in a practice, that is an interference with the privacy of an individual. |
|
| Data Protection Act 2003, Commissioner, enforcement and penalties |
Comply with an enforcement notice the Data Protection Commissioner serves requiring rectification, erasure or another specified step. |
Show the other 67 laws
| Data Protection Act, 2019, the Commissioner, enforcement and penalties |
Comply with an enforcement notice the Commissioner serves within the time it specifies, including any requirement to stop processing personal data or a description of personal data, because failing to comply with a notice is itself an offence. Answer an information notice or a special information notice from the Commissioner, and do not obstruct the execution of a warrant issued under the Act. |
|
| Law of the Republic of Belarus On Personal Data Protection, authorized agency and liability |
Comply with the National Center's requirement to rectify, restrict or erase false or illegally obtained personal data, or to eliminate another violation of this Law, under Article 16 and Article 18, paragraph 3. |
|
| Data Protection Act 2021, Commissioner, Tribunal, and enforcement from a date not yet set |
Comply with an Enforcement Notice, Information Notice, or Special Information Notice the Data Protection Commissioner issues, or answer to the Data Protection Tribunal on appeal. |
|
| Loi n°2017-20 portant Code du Numérique en République du Bénin, Livre V, Autorité de Protection des Données Personnelles, sanctions et infractions pénales |
Comply with a formal notice the Autorité issues within the period it sets, which may not exceed eight days, before it moves to a sanction. Do not obstruct the Autorité's investigations, and furnish it, its designated agents, or its members the information, documents, and premises access they request. +1 more |
|
| Personal Information Protection Act 2016, Commissioner, enforcement and offences |
Comply with an order or notice served by the Privacy Commissioner under this Act. Do not contravene the sensitive personal information restriction, and do not dispose of, alter, falsify, conceal or destroy evidence during a Commissioner investigation or inquiry. |
|
| Law on the Protection of Personal Data of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Agency, enforcement and penalties |
Comply with an Agency order under Article 103, including a warning, a compliance order, a temporary or permanent restriction on processing, or a suspension of a transfer abroad, since defying one carries its own fine. |
|
| LGPD, civil liability, administrative sanctions and the ANPD |
Comply with an ANPD warning's corrective-measures deadline before facing escalation to a fine, publicity of the infraction, blocking or deletion of the data involved, or suspension of the processing activity. |
|
| Personal Data Protection Law, supervisory authority and sanctions |
Cooperate with a CIL verification or control mission on site, including any expert it brings, and pay the mission's costs yourself if you were the one who requested the control. Take all useful measures to facilitate the CIL's mission, and do not obstruct its action for any reason. |
|
| Law No. 133/V/2001 on the Protection of Personal Data, enforcement and supervision |
Interrupt, cease or block processing once notified to do so, cooperate with a CNPD request, and erase or destroy personal data once notified or once its retention period under Article 6 has elapsed, on pain of the penalty for qualified disobedience. |
|
| Law No. 133/V/2001 on the Protection of Personal Data, nature of the supervisory authority |
Submit to supervision by the CNPD, the independent administrative authority that oversees personal data protection under this law and operates within the National Assembly. |
|
| Cambodia's Draft Law on Personal Data Protection, enforcement and penalties proposed |
A data controller or processor must provide the Ministry of Post and Telecommunications with the personal data or information it instructs them to provide, and must allow it access to the personal data and information it needs to perform its functions and duties. |
|
| Loi n°2010/012 du 21 décembre 2010 relative à la cybersécurité et à la cybercriminalité au Cameroun, article 74 (atteinte à la vie privée et traitement illicite des données à caractère personnel) |
Do not process personal data without complying with the prior declaration or authorization formalities the law requires before implementing the processing. |
|
| Data Protection Act 2021 Revision, Ombudsman enforcement, monetary penalties and offences |
Cooperate with a warrant executed under section 52 to investigate a suspected contravention of the data protection principles or an offence under the Act. |
|
| Loi n°007/PR/2015, sanctions administratives et pénales et recours |
Comply with an ANSICE warning or formal notice to cease a failure within the period ANSICE sets, on pain of a regulatory penalty and, for the underlying violation, criminal prosecution. Meet the collection, purpose-limitation, sensitive-category, information, access-response, notification, declaration, and cross-border transfer conditions the law sets, each of which carries its own criminal exposure on breach. +1 more |
|
| Ley 21.719, Agencia de Protección de Datos Personales, Sanciones from , in 2 weeks |
Adopt, within sixty days, the measures the Agencia de Protección de Datos Personales sets to remedy the cause of a sanction. |
|
| Personal Information Protection Law, Supervision and Legal Liability |
Comply with lawful CAC and sectoral-regulator investigation, including document production and on-site inspection. |
|
| Law on the Protection of Personal Data, the Commission and sanctions |
Comply with a warning or formal notice the Commission issues within the period it sets, no more than eight days, or face a pecuniary sanction (unless the State carries out the processing), an injunction to stop the processing, withdrawal of an authorization, or a data lock, after a contradictory procedure. Do not obstruct the Commission's action and take useful measures to facilitate its mission, including letting its members and agents access the premises where processing is carried out. |
|
| Law No. 2013-450 on the Protection of Personal Data, enforcement and the Protection Body |
Respond to ARTCI's declarations, authorization requests, claims, complaints and audits, and comply with a warning or formal notice it issues within the time it sets. Do not invoke professional secrecy against the Protection Body, whether you are a cryptologic service provider or the person responsible for the processing. +2 more |
|
| Digital Code, Data Protection Authority and sanctions |
Do not obstruct the Data Protection Authority's on-site inspection, and expect a warning or a formal notice giving you no more than eight days to end a breach before a sanction follows. |
|
| Digital Code, Book I: the Commission, administrative sanctions and criminal offences |
Comply with a formal notice the Commission addresses to you, or expect an injunction, a withdrawal of authorization, the locking of the data concerned, or an administrative sanction of up to 70,000,000 Djiboutian francs or 5% of your worldwide turnover, whichever is higher, plus a daily penalty payment for continued non-compliance. |
|
| Egypt Personal Data Protection Law, the Center, judicial control and penalties |
Expect the Personal Data Protection Center to decide a complaint against you within thirty working days of its submission, and carry out its decision within seven working days of being told of it, telling the Center once you have. |
|
| Data Protection Act, 2022, enforcement and offences |
Comply with an enforcement notice the Commission serves within the period it specifies, whether to take steps or to stop processing personal information, and know that you may apply to the Commission or a court to cancel, vary, or appeal it. Cooperate with a Commission investigation, including giving evidence on summons and not obstructing entry and search of premises it reasonably suspects are connected with regulated activities. |
|
| Personal Data Protection Proclamation, enforcement, sanctions and offences |
Comply with an enforcement order the Authority serves within the period it specifies, which is never less than twenty-one days, then tell the data subject concerned and, where compliance materially modifies the data, anyone it was disclosed to in the twelve months before the order was served. Furnish the Authority with information it requests, in a form that can be taken away and is intelligible and retrievable, and cooperate with it in discharging its powers and functions. |
|
| GDPR Articles 51-59, 68-76 and 77-84, Supervisory Authorities, Penalties and Remedies |
Where you process personal data in the context of an establishment in the Union, or from outside it offer goods or services to people in the Union or monitor their behaviour there, provide the supervisory authority with any information it orders you to provide for the performance of its tasks, and give it access to all personal data and information necessary for those tasks and to your premises and data-processing equipment (Article 58(1), points (a), (e) and (f)). |
|
| Representative Actions Directive, Collective Redress for GDPR Infringements (Articles 2(1), 4 and 7 to 9 and Annex I point (56)) |
Cease, or refrain from, a practice that a provisional or definitive injunctive measure orders to cease or prohibits (Article 8(1)). |
|
| Law No. 025/2023, recourse, oversight and sanctions |
Produce any document the APDPVP's members or agents request for their mission, and let them access your programs and data for control purposes. |
|
| Personal Data Protection and Privacy Act, 2025, the Information Commission, offences and penalties from a date not yet set |
Do not obstruct an investigation by the Information Commission, which carries up to seven years of imprisonment. |
|
| Data Protection Act, enforcement, offences and penalties |
Comply with an enforcement notice the Commission serves within the time it states and, where the notice so requires, rectify, block, erase or destroy other data you hold that contains an expression of opinion which appears to the Commission to be based on inaccurate data. Comply with an information notice or enforcement notice the Commission issues after assessing a data subject's complaint about your processing. |
|
| Data Protection Act, No. 1 of 2023, Information Commission, enforcement and offences from a date not yet set |
Cooperate with an Information Commission investigation, complaint, information notice or warrant, and furnish the access, documentation and security information it requests. Comply with an enforcement notice within the time it specifies, and where compliance materially modifies personal data, notify the data subject and anyone the data was disclosed to in the twelve months before the notice. +1 more |
|
| Data Protection Act, 2020, the Information Commissioner, penalties and compensation |
Comply with an enforcement notice, an assessment notice or an information notice from the Information Commissioner, and do not make a statement in purported compliance with one that you know, or recklessly disregard, to be false in a material respect. |
|
| Data Protection Act 2025, enforcement, offences and civil remedies |
Attend at the time and place the Digital Transformation Office sets, produce the document, record or article it requires, or furnish a written statement under oath or affirmation, when the Office issues a notice for the purpose of an investigation, and produce or give access to information held on a device in a visible, legible, structured and machine-readable form when the Office requires it. Comply with a notice the Office issues after investigation requiring you, within a specified period, to stop or refrain from the violating act, compel a downstream processor to do the same, remedy the violation including compensating an affected data subject, or pay an administrative penalty of up to $100,000, proportionate to the violation's gravity, your efforts to comply, any profit made, and the harm caused. +1 more |
|
| Law No. 06/L-082 on Protection of Personal Data, remedies, the Agency, inspections and penalties |
Cooperate with an Agency inspection, including giving inspection officers access to documentation, computers, equipment and premises relevant to personal data processing. Comply with a corrective order an inspection officer issues, which can require correcting irregularities, destroying, blocking or anonymising personal data, temporarily halting unlawful processing, or fulfilling a data subject's rights request. |
|
| Data Protection Act, 2011, enforcement and offences |
Comply with an enforcement notice the Commission serves within the period it specifies, whether to take steps or to stop processing personal information, and know that you may apply to the Commission or a court to cancel, vary, or appeal it. Cooperate with a Commission investigation, including giving evidence on summons and not obstructing execution of a warrant issued to enter and search premises. |
|
| Law No. 6 of 2022, supervisory authority, licensing and penalties |
Obtain a license from the National Authority for Information Security and Safety before providing authentication services that involve collecting personal data. |
|
| Law No. 2014-038, CMIL, sanctions and offences |
Comply with any warning, injunction to stop processing, withdrawal of authorization, or monetary sanction the CMIL orders after an adversarial procedure, and with any urgent interruption or data-locking order it issues for up to three months. Give CMIL inspectors on a control mission access to your premises between six in the morning and seven at night, unrestricted access to your files, processing, and equipment, and copies of any information they request. |
|
| Maldives Personal Data Protection Bill, investigation, enforcement and compensation proposed |
Allow the Data Protection Authority, when it investigates a complaint, to enter premises to search, to search and copy documents and to interview personnel; where the owner of the premises refuses a search, it is carried out with a court order. Stop processing personal data when the Data Protection Authority orders it, temporarily or permanently, because it determines that sharing personal data across borders is a threat to national security or the stability of society. |
|
| Loi n° 2013-015, the Autorité, supervision, and sanctions |
Do not obstruct the Autorité de Protection des Données à Caractère Personnel's action, and take every measure useful to facilitate its work, including its information and on-site inspection missions. Comply with an administrative sanction decision; the Autorité may use any technical means at its disposal to enforce it, though it may agree to settle a pecuniary sanction with you at your request, within the scales the law fixes. |
|
| Personal Data Protection Act 2025, competent authority, remedies, and complaints |
Provide the competent authority, the Economic Policy, Planning and Statistics Office, with information it requests as needed for it to carry out its duties under this Chapter. Comply with any regulation the competent authority makes, with Cabinet approval, to implement this Chapter. |
|
| Loi n° 2017-020, Autorité de Protection des Données et sanctions |
Cooperate with the Authority's on-site inspections, and take all measures needed to facilitate its work rather than opposing its action. Comply with an Authority warning or formal notice within the period it sets, or face suspension or definitive withdrawal of your processing authorization and a pecuniary fine of up to ten million ouguiya for a first breach, or up to fifty million ouguiya or five percent of turnover for a repeat breach within five years. |
|
| Moldova Law No. 195/2024, the Centre, complaints, compensation and sanctions |
Answer the Centre's examination procedure once it is opened against you, and expect the sanctions the law provides at the end of it. |
|
| Loi sur la Protection des Données Personnelles, autorité de contrôle et sanctions |
Comply with the Authority's formal notice to bring processing into conformity or to satisfy a data subject's rights request, within the period it sets, since noncompliance can draw a daily penalty of up to 10,000 euros that does not apply to the State or the Commune. Cooperate with the Authority's checks and investigations, giving its members, agents, and sworn investigators the information, documents, and premises access they need, since only national security secrecy, attorney client privilege, journalistic source secrecy, and individual medical secrecy channelled through a designated physician can be raised against them. |
|
| Law on Personal Data Protection, agency, supervision and penal provisions |
Give the Agency's controllers access to your filing systems, files and electronic processing means on request, regardless of the level of data secrecy, under Articles 66 and 67, and comply with an Agency order to eliminate irregularities, stop unlawful processing, erase data collected without a legal basis, stop an unlawful transfer out of Montenegro or disclosure, or stop an unlawful entrusting of processing, under Article 71. |
|
| Law No. 09-08, the CNDP and sanctions |
Cooperate with the CNDP's investigations, give its commissioned agents access to your processing facilities, data, and documents, and comply with any order it issues to correct, block, erase, or destroy data, or to suspend or halt a processing operation. Comply at once with a CNDP decision withdrawing your declaration receipt or authorization because your processing threatens public security or order or offends morality. |
|
| Privacy Act 2020, Compliance Notices and Offences |
Comply with a compliance notice issued by the Commissioner to remedy a breach of the Act, an interference with privacy, or a breach of a code of practice, or face enforcement proceedings before the Human Rights Review Tribunal. Do not obstruct, hinder, or resist the Commissioner, make a false or misleading statement, falsely claim authority under the Act, impersonate an individual to obtain or alter their personal information, or destroy a document to defeat a request; each is an offence carrying a fine of up to $10,000. |
|
| Ley No. 787, Ley de Protección de Datos Personales, supervision, sanctions, and complaints |
Cooperate with an accredited inspector's visit by allowing access to your data files, supplying the requested information and documents, including your registration and security measures, and allowing your equipment to be reviewed. |
|
| Loi n° 2022-59, contrôle, sanctions et recours |
Comply with a HAPDP warning or formal notice to end a violation within the deadline it sets, or risk provisional or definitive withdrawal of your processing authorisation and a pecuniary sanction. Give a control agent the HAPDP assigns access to the premises and installations where you carry out processing, other than a private home, to verify your compliance. |
|
| Nigeria Data Protection Act, 2023, complaints, enforcement and redress |
Attend a Pre-Action Conference as often as the Commission calls one in respect of a complaint or an investigation under section 46(3) of the Act. |
|
| Law on Personal Data Protection (LPDP), the Agency, supervision and misdemeanour provisions |
Cooperate with the Personal Data Protection Agency's supervisors during a regular, irregular or control supervision, including granting access to premises, documents and equipment relevant to personal data processing. |
|
| Ontario | Personal Health Information Protection Act, 2004, Commissioner's orders and administrative penalties |
Comply with an order of the Commissioner under the Act, including an order to perform a duty, to stop collecting, using or disclosing personal health information, or to return, transfer or dispose of records. |
| Ontario | Personal Health Information Protection Act, 2004, offences and damages for breach of privacy |
Do not make a request for access to or correction of a record of personal health information under false pretences, and do not wilfully obstruct or mislead the Commissioner or fail to comply with the Commissioner's order. |
| Ley 81 de 2019, enforcement and sanctions |
Cooperate with ANTAI's information requests and inspections and respond to its formal notices and observations; failing to do so is itself a serious infraction. |
|
| Ley N° 7593/2025, la Agencia Nacional, faltas y sanciones from , in 12 months |
When the supervisory authority upholds a data subject's complaint under article 52 and requires you to give effect to the right concerned, do so and report it to the authority in writing within fifteen business days of doing so. Comply with the corrective measures the authority orders under article 42, which can include ceasing or suspending the processing, erasing the data or adopting technical, legal and organizational measures; an appeal against them does not suspend their execution. |
|
| Ley 29733, enforcement, supervisory authority and sanctions |
Register your personal-data bank in the Registro Nacional de Protección de Datos Personales, and expect any cross-border data-flow communication, sanction, or precautionary or corrective measure to be recorded there too. Comply with an accessory obligation the sanctioning procedure imposes within its deadline, or expect a coercive fine of up to 10 UIT on top of the underlying sanction. |
|
| Law relating to the Protection of Personal Data and Privacy, supervisory authority, penalties and offences |
Comply with the supervisory authority's oversight, including its inspections, its register of data controllers and processors, and any regulation it issues to implement this Law. |
|
| Data Protection Act, 2018, Information Commissioner, enforcement and offences from a date not yet set |
Furnish the Information Commissioner with access to personal data, documentation of its processing, or information about its security, in writing within the time an information notice specifies. Comply with an enforcement notice the Information Commissioner serves within the time it states, and notify the data subject and anyone the data was disclosed to in the twelve months before the notice, within thirty days of complying, if compliance materially modifies the data. +1 more |
|
| San Marino Law No. 171, the Data Protection Authority, remedies and fines |
Answer the Authority's requests for information and documents, and expect verifications, including the special verifications article 63 provides for. |
|
| Loi n° 2008-12 du 25 janvier 2008 sur la Protection des Données à Caractère Personnel, Commission des Données Personnelles et sanctions |
Cooperate with the CDP's on-site inspections and give its members or agents any document they need for their mission. Comply with a CDP warning or formal notice within the period it sets, or face suspension or definitive withdrawal of your processing authorization and a pecuniary fine of one million to one hundred million CFA francs. |
|
| Data Protection Act, 2023, complaints, orders of the Authority and civil remedies |
Comply with an order of the Authority, or apply to the Supreme Court for judicial review within thirty days: failing to comply is an offence carrying the same fine and up to two years' imprisonment. |
|
| Protection of Personal Information Act, the Information Regulator, enforcement and penalties |
Comply with an enforcement notice the Regulator serves requiring you to take, or stop taking, specified steps, or appeal it to the High Court within 30 days. |
|
| Draft Law on the Protection of Privacy and Personal Data, Commissioner, remedies and fines proposed |
Cooperate with the Commissioner for Personal Data Protection, an independent authority the bill would establish, including by giving access to the records, information, and premises the Commissioner needs to investigate a complaint. Comply with the chapter V obligations on controllers and processors, with the principles, data subject rights and cross border transfer chapters, and with every decision, order or notice of the Commissioner. |
|
| Law No. 12 of 2024 on Protection of Electronic Personal Data, Authority, complaints and penalties |
Comply with a stop order the Director General serves within the period it specifies, or expect the Board to warn of, suspend, or revoke your license, permit or accreditation, publish the violation at your expense, or place you under the Authority's technical supervision. |
|
| Loi n° 2019-014, cadre institutionnel et dispositions pénales |
Comply with a warning or formal notice the Instance issues within the period it sets, or face a provisional or, ultimately, definitive withdrawal of your authorization, an administrative fine of up to XOF 100,000,000, interruption of the processing, data locking, or a daily penalty of up to XOF 5,000,000, after a hearing. Do not obstruct the Instance's action by opposing its members' or agents' missions, refusing to communicate the information or documents they request, or supplying information that does not match your records. |
|
| Privacy Act 2025, penalties, enforcement and third party actions from a date not yet set |
Comply with an enforcement notice the Privacy Commission serves on you, and with an information notice in an investigation. |
|
| Organic Act on the Protection of Personal Data, enforcement and sanctions |
Cooperate with the INPDP's investigations, let it take statements and inspect the premises where processing took place other than a private home, and do not obstruct its work or give it inaccurate information in bad faith. |
|
| Data Protection and Privacy Act 2024, enforcement powers and offences |
Provide a document or information the Deputy Commissioner requests in writing to determine whether the Act has been contravened, within 14 days of receiving the request. Do not destroy, conceal, alter or falsify personal data or other material to prevent its disclosure to a data subject or to the Deputy Commissioner. |
|
| Vermont Data Privacy and Online Surveillance Act, Attorney General enforcement from , in 14 months |
Cure a violation within 60 days after receiving the Attorney General's notice of violation; from through the Attorney General must give that notice before bringing an action where a cure is possible. |
|
| Cyber and Data Protection (Licensing of Data Controllers and Appointment of Data Protection Officers) Regulations, 2024 |
Obtain a data controller licence from the Data Protection Authority before processing personal information, if you decide the means, purpose or outcome of processing, decide what data to collect or from whom, or obtain commercial gain from the processing. Appoint a certified data protection officer and notify the Authority of the appointment in writing. +2 more |
Comprehensive regime
67 laws, 66 jurisdictions| Jurisdiction | Law | What it asks, as read here |
|---|---|---|
| Law No. 124/2024 On the Protection of Personal Data |
Appoint a representative located in Albania and notify the Commissioner in writing of that representative's identity when you target people in Albania from outside the country, unless the processing is occasional, small scale, and unlikely to risk fundamental rights, or you are a public authority. |
|
| Loi n° 18-07 relative à la protection des personnes physiques dans le traitement des données à caractère personnel, modifiée et complétée par la loi n° 25-11 |
Where you are established outside Algeria but use automated or non-automated means located there, notify the ANPDP of the identity of your Algeria-based representative. Submit every personal-data processing operation to a prior declaration to the ANPDP or its authorisation, before you begin. |
|
| LQPD, Llei 29/2021 del 28 d'octubre |
Designate a representative established in Andorra if you are a controller or processor not domiciled there or not constituted under Andorran law but use processing means located in Andorran territory. |
|
| Law on the Protection of Personal Data |
Treat a recipient who processes communicated personal data for its own purposes as a controller in its own right, and one who processes it on your behalf and under your instructions as a subcontractor bound by a written contract, and obtain the APD's authorisation before interconnecting personal data held in different files unless a legal provision already permits it. Notify the Agência de Protecção de Dados before processing personal data, or obtain its authorisation where notification is not enough, and give it the particulars the law requires about the processing. |
|
| Ley 25.326, Ley de Protección de los Datos Personales |
Register any database intended to provide reports, public or private, with the National Registry before operating it, stating your identity, the file's purpose, its data sources, recipients, security measures, retention period, and how a data subject can exercise their rights, and do not hold data of a kind you did not declare. |
|
| Privacy Act 1988 (Cth), Australian Privacy Principles |
Comply with the Australian Privacy Principles in Schedule 1 to the Privacy Act 1988 for any personal information about an individual, if the entity is an Australian Government agency or an organisation with an annual turnover over $3,000,000. Comply with the Australian Privacy Principles for an act done, or a practice engaged in, outside Australia if the entity has an Australian link. |
|
| Data Protection Act, 2019 |
Register with the Data Protection Commissioner as a data controller or data processor before processing personal data. Nominate a representative established in Barbados if you act as a data controller or data processor without being established there. |
|
| Loi n°2017-20 portant Code du Numérique en République du Bénin, Livre V (protection des données à caractère personnel) |
Declare each processing of personal data to the Autorité de Protection des Données Personnelles (APDP) before implementing it, or obtain the Autorité's prior authorization where the processing falls into one of its listed higher risk categories. |
|
| British Columbia | Personal Information Protection Act, comprehensive regime |
Comply with an order of the commissioner not later than 30 days after being given a copy, unless an application for judicial review is brought before that period ends. |
| Loi n°001-2021/AN du 30 mars 2021 portant protection des personnes à l'égard du traitement des données à caractère personnel |
Complete the applicable prior formality with the Commission de l'informatique et des libertés (CIL) before processing personal data, a normal or simplified declaration, a request for its opinion, or its authorization depending on the category of processing. Obtain a CIL authorization before interconnecting personal data files or processing a national identification number, and limit any interconnection to a legitimate legal or statutory objective without discriminating against or reducing the rights of the people concerned. +1 more |
Show the other 57 laws
| Law No. 133/V/2001 on the Protection of Personal Data |
Obtain the CNPD's authorization, or point to a legal provision establishing the combination, before combining personal data from different filing systems, and ensure any combination is necessary and adequate for its purposes, avoids discrimination, and carries adequate security measures. Notify the CNPD before carrying out a wholly or partly automated personal data processing operation, and obtain the CNPD's prior authorization, unless a legal act authorizes it, for processing of the data referred to in points (a) and (c) of Article 8(1) and in Article 11(2), credit and solvency data, interconnection of personal data, or use of personal data for purposes other than those for which it was collected. |
|
| Draft Law on Personal Data Protection, final draft proposed |
A data controller that determines its processing may pose a high risk to a data subject's rights and freedoms must conduct a personal data impact assessment and submit its report to the Ministry of Post and Telecommunications. A data controller and processor must each appoint a personal data protection officer and notify the Ministry of Post and Telecommunications of that appointment within 30 working days, maintain records of processing activities, and, if located outside Cambodia, appoint a local representative. |
|
| Loi n° 24.001 portant protection des données à caractère personnel |
Get the agency's prior authorization before interconnecting personal data files held for different purposes or by different controllers, stating in the request the nature of the data, the interconnection's purpose, and its duration. |
|
| Ley 1581 de 2012, General Personal Data Protection |
Register your databases with the Superintendencia de Industria y Comercio's National Registry of Databases and submit data treatment policies that never fall below this law's duties. |
|
| Law on the Protection of Personal Data |
Declare personal data processing to the Commission before implementing it, or enter it in a register kept by a designated person, unless it is exempt as general accounting, payroll, supplier management, or a non profit association's membership processing. Obtain the Commission's prior authorization before processing a national identification number or a national census, processing concerning state security, defense or public safety or the investigation and prosecution of offenses, interconnecting files serving different purposes, or processing that could exclude a person from a right, a benefit or a contract. +2 more |
|
| Protección de la Persona frente al Tratamiento de sus Datos Personales |
Register any database administered for distribution, dissemination, or commercialization purposes with the Prodhab. |
|
| Law No. 2013-450 on the Protection of Personal Data |
Declare the processing to ARTCI in advance, or designate an internal correspondent for the protection of personal data in its place, except before a cross-border transfer. Obtain ARTCI's prior authorization before processing on a national identification number or a personal-data set of public-interest, historical or scientific research value. |
|
| Digital Code, Title III: Personal Data Protection |
File a prior declaration with the Data Protection Authority before processing personal data, or obtain its prior authorization before processing genetic, medical, biometric, offense or conviction, national-identification, or cross-border-transfer data. |
|
| Digital Code, Book I: Personal Data Protection and CNDP |
File a prior declaration with, or obtain the prior authorization of, the Commission Nationale de Protection des Données à Caractère Personnel before processing personal data, depending on the processing's risk category. |
|
| Ley No. 172-13 sobre Protección Integral de los Datos Personales |
Register as a Sociedad de Información Crediticia with the Superintendencia de Bancos, after securing the Junta Monetaria's authorization, before operating as a credit reporting bureau. |
|
| LOPDP, comprehensive personal-data protection regime |
Register with the national register of personal data protection as article 51 requires. |
|
| Data Protection Act, 2022 (Act No. 5 of 2022) |
Notify the Eswatini Communications Commission of your processing of personal information before you process it, and again whenever the particulars you notified change. |
|
| Personal Data Protection Proclamation |
Register with the Ethiopian Communications Authority before processing personal data, and appoint a data protection officer where the Proclamation requires one. Obtain the Authority's prior authorization where you cannot provide appropriate safeguards for a transfer to a third-party jurisdiction, and consult the Authority before processing where an impact assessment indicates the operations are likely to present a high risk. |
|
| General Data Protection Regulation, Records of Processing Activities (Article 30) |
Make the record available to the supervisory authority on request (Article 30(4)). |
|
| Loi n°001/2011 relative à la protection des données à caractère personnel, modifiée par la loi n°025/2023 |
Declare an automated personal-data processing activity to the APDPVP before carrying it out and wait for the Authority's receipt before starting, unless a simplified or exempt category applies; processing touching a more sensitive category instead needs the APDPVP's prior authorization or a ministerial or Council-of-Ministers decree. |
|
| Data Protection Act |
Have a lawful basis for processing personal data, and register with the Data Protection Commission before processing begins. When registering as a data controller, disclose the countries to which personal data may be transferred. |
|
| Iniciativa de Ley 6105, Ley de Protección de Datos proposed |
Any natural or legal person, public or private, that processes personal data must comply with the ARCO rights framework and the bill's registration, consent, and security duties. |
|
| Protection of Privacy Law, comprehensive regime and database registration |
An app that operates a database of the personal data of individuals in Israel above the small-collection thresholds must register with, or separately notify, the Privacy Protection Authority under Art. 8A, and must name a Data Protection Officer where the Act requires one. |
|
| Data Protection Act, 2020, registration, lawful basis and standards for processing |
Register with the Office of the Information Commissioner before processing personal data, and keep your registration particulars in the register the Commissioner maintains. Appoint a representative established in Jamaica if you are not established there but process the personal data of data subjects in Jamaica to offer them goods or services or to monitor their behaviour. |
|
| Data Protection Act, 2019 |
Register with the Office of the Data Protection Commissioner if your volume or category of processing meets the prescribed threshold. |
|
| Data Protection Act 2025 |
If you are a controller of major importance, carry out a data protection impact assessment and submit the report to the Digital Transformation Office before processing likely to expose 10,000 or more data subjects to a high risk of significant harm, and proceed only with the Office's approval if the risk remains high after mitigation; under section 21(4) this duty applies from the second anniversary of commencement, . |
|
| Law No. 06/L-082 on Protection of Personal Data |
Appoint a registered representative in Kosovo if you are a controller or processor not established there but use automatic or other equipment in Kosovo to process personal data, unless that equipment is used only for transit through Kosovo. Apply data protection by design and by default, keep a written record of your processing activities unless you employ fewer than two hundred and fifty people and none of the high-risk, non-occasional or special-category exceptions apply, and cooperate with the Agency for Information and Privacy on request. +1 more |
|
| Law No. 81/2018 on Electronic Transactions and Personal Data, Part V (Personal Data Protection) |
File a permit with the Ministry of Economy and Trade, issued against a receipt, before collecting or processing the personal data of a person in Lebanon, unless one of the exemptions in Article 94 covers the processing. State in that permit the objectives of the processing, the personal data and its source, the categories of persons concerned, the third parties who may view the data, the retention period, your identity and address and those of your representative if you live outside Lebanon, the agency carrying out the processing, who exercises the right of access and how, any subcontractor, and the measures you take to keep the data intact. +2 more |
|
| Data Protection Act, 2011 (Act No. 5 of 2012) |
Notify the Data Protection Commission of your processing of personal information before you process it, and again whenever the particulars you notified change. |
|
| Datenschutzgesetz (DSG) |
Comply with the GDPR as EEA law in Liechtenstein; the DSG implements the Regulation and does not apply insofar as EEA law, in particular the GDPR, applies directly. |
|
| Law No. 2014-038, protection of personal data |
Declare a processing operation to the CMIL before implementing it, or obtain its prior authorization first where the processing presents a particular risk to rights and freedoms or to privacy. |
|
| Data Protection Act, 2024 |
Comply with the Data Protection Act, 2024's rules for collecting, processing, storing, and sharing personal data, whether the personal data belongs to a private individual or is held by a public organisation. |
|
| Loi n° 2013-015, protection des données à caractère personnel |
Declare to the Autorité de Protection des Données à Caractère Personnel, before carrying it out, any processing operation you intend to carry out for a given purpose. |
|
| Loi n° 2017-020, protection des données à caractère personnel |
Complete the Personal Data Protection Authority's prior formalities before processing personal data; failing to do so, even negligently, is a criminal offence. Declare your processing to the Authority before you start it, unless article 32 exempts it. +1 more |
|
| Law No. 195/2024 on Personal Data Protection |
Carry out a data protection impact assessment before processing likely to result in a high risk, and consult the National Centre for Personal Data Protection beforehand where that risk remains. |
|
| Loi sur la Protection des Données Personnelles |
Carry out a data protection impact assessment before processing likely to create a high risk to a person's rights and freedoms, such as large scale profiling with legal effects, large scale sensitive data processing, large scale public area surveillance, or large scale use of a digital identifier, and consult the Authority first where the assessment still shows a high risk you cannot mitigate. Get the Minister of State's prior authorisation before installing a video surveillance system in a place open to the public or filming a public way, and do not keep recorded images for more than 30 days. |
|
| Law No. 09-08 on the Protection of Individuals with Regard to the Processing of Personal Data |
File a prior declaration with the CNDP before implementing an automated processing operation, or a set of related automated operations, unless the processing instead requires the CNDP's prior authorization. If you are established outside Morocco but use processing means located there, notify the CNDP of the identity of a Morocco based representative who takes on your rights and obligations under the law. +1 more |
|
| Communications and Broadcasting Act 2018, confidentiality of subscriber information and communications |
If the Chief Regulator directs you to under section 49(4), monitor communications to a subscriber's connections to trace a harassing, offensive, or illegal call, to the extent your current technology allows. |
|
| Ley No. 787, Ley de Protección de Datos Personales |
Register with the data file register the Direccion de Proteccion de Datos Personales keeps before operating a data file, and wait for its registration decision within thirty days. |
|
| Loi n° 2022-59, protection des données à caractère personnel |
Collect, record, process, store and transmit personal data lawfully, fairly and without fraud. Complete a prior declaration, authorisation request or advisory request with the HAPDP before implementing a processing operation, and obtain its prior authorisation for genetic, medical, biometric, interconnected, unique-identifier or sensitive-category processing. |
|
| Nigeria Data Protection Act, 2023 (NDPA), general data protection duties |
Register with the Commission as a data controller or data processor of major importance where the Commission so determines, conduct a compliance audit within fifteen months of commencing business and annually thereafter, and file Compliance Audit Returns by 31 March each year in the Ultra-High and Extra-High Level categories. Tell the Commission of any significant change to the information in your most recent registration submission within sixty days of the change. |
|
| Ley N° 7593/2025, de Protección de Datos Personales en la República del Paraguay from , in 12 months |
Carry out an impact assessment before implementing processing that warrants one, and consult the supervisory authority beforehand where article 15 requires it. |
|
| Ley 29733, Ley de Protección de Datos Personales |
Register your personal-data bank with the Registro Nacional de Protección de Datos Personales before creating it, or, for a bank that predates the Law, declare it to the Authority within the deadline the regulation sets. |
|
| Law No. 29-2019 on the Protection of Personal Data |
File a prior declaration of processing with the national commission, unless the processing is exempt, requires the commission's prior authorization under article 37, or requires a presidential decree issued after the commission's opinion under article 40. |
|
| Law relating to the Protection of Personal Data and Privacy |
Register with the supervisory authority as a data controller or data processor before processing personal data, and designate a data protection officer where article 40 requires one. |
|
| San Marino Law No. 171 on the Protection of Natural Persons |
Implement technical and organisational measures giving a level of security appropriate to the risk, and cooperate with the Data Protection Authority in the performance of its tasks. Carry out a data protection impact assessment before processing likely to result in a high risk, and consult the Data Protection Authority beforehand where the assessment shows that risk remains. |
|
| Lei n.º 03/2016, Protecção de Dados Pessoais |
Notify the National Agency for the Protection of Personal Data (NAPPD) in writing at least eight days before starting a wholly or partly automated processing operation. Obtain NAPPD's prior authorization before processing credit or solvency data, interconnecting personal-data files, or using collected data for a purpose other than the one it was collected for. +2 more |
|
| Loi n° 2008-12 du 25 janvier 2008 sur la Protection des Données à Caractère Personnel (Personal Data Protection Act) |
Declare your processing to the CDP before you start it, using its published form, and do not implement the processing until you receive the CDP's certificate of receipt. Get the CDP's authorization before combining personal data files across purposes or processing a national identification number or other general-purpose identifier. |
|
| Draft Law on Personal Data Protection (2026 reform) proposed |
Under the draft, a controller using a high-risk AI system must complete a data protection impact assessment and obtain the Commissioner's opinion, and must label synthetically generated or modified audio and video content. |
|
| Law on Personal Data Protection |
Appoint a written representative in Serbia when established outside Serbia and processing personal data of a person there, unless a listed exemption applies. Carry out a data protection impact assessment before processing likely to create high risk to a person's rights and freedoms, and consult the Commissioner first where the assessment shows the risk cannot be brought down. |
|
| Data Protection Act No. 005 of 2023 |
As a data controller of major importance, carry out a data protection impact assessment before processing likely to result in a high risk to a data subject, and submit the assessment report to the Authority before you start. As a data controller of major importance, register with the Authority within six months of qualifying, and designate a data protection officer. |
|
| Protection of Personal Information Act 4 of 2013 (POPIA) |
Obtain the Information Regulator's prior authorisation before linking data subjects' unique identifiers across responsible parties, processing criminal-behaviour or credit-reporting information, or transferring special personal information or a child's information to a country without adequate protection. |
|
| Draft Law on the Protection of Privacy and Personal Data (Ontwerpwet Bescherming Privacy en Persoonsgegevens) proposed |
Keep a written or electronic register of your processing activities, covering the categories of data, recipients, retention periods, and security measures, and notify it to the Commissioner for Personal Data Protection, updating the notification whenever needed and at least once a year. |
|
| Law No. 12 of 2024 on Protection of Electronic Personal Data |
Obtain a license or permit from the Personal Data Protection Authority before collecting, storing, transferring or processing personal data, and appoint a local representative if you are established outside Syria. |
|
| Personal Data Protection Act, 2022 |
Register with the Personal Data Protection Commission before collecting or processing personal data. |
|
| Loi n° 2019-014, protection des données à caractère personnel |
Declare personal data processing to the Instance de Protection des Données à Caractère Personnel before implementing it, unless the processing is exempt from formalities, requires prior authorization, or requires a reasoned government opinion. Obtain the Instance's prior authorization before interconnecting files that serve different purposes, processing a national identification number or other general purpose identifier, or processing personal data for a historical, statistical or scientific public interest purpose. |
|
| Organic Act on the Protection of Personal Data |
File a prior declaration with the National Authority for the Protection of Personal Data (INPDP) before processing personal data, or obtain its prior authorization where the Act requires one. Tell the INPDP at least three months before permanently ceasing your processing activity, or within three months of a controller's death, bankruptcy or dissolution, so it can authorize the data's destruction. +1 more |
|
| Data Protection and Privacy Act, 2019, comprehensive personal-data regime |
Register with the National Information Technology Authority as a data controller or other prescribed person before collecting or processing personal data. |
|
| Ley N° 18.331, Personal Data Protection and Habeas Data Law |
Register any database of personal data you create, modify, or eliminate with the Unidad Reguladora y de Control de Datos Personales before operating it, and hold only the categories of data you declared in that registration. |
|
| Vermont Data Privacy and Online Surveillance Act, general applicability from , in 14 months |
Where this Act conflicts with any other law, including the Vermont Age-Appropriate Design Code Act, follow whichever law affords consumers the greatest protection for the right of privacy. |
|
| Data Protection Act, 2021, personal data processing framework |
Register with the Data Protection Commissioner as a data controller or data processor before controlling or processing personal data. Tell the Data Protection Commissioner of any third-party agreement that lets a third party trade on a data subject's profile. |
|
| Cyber and Data Protection Act [Chapter 12:07] |
Notify the Authority before any wholly or partly automated processing operation, and notify it again of any modification to the information you gave. State in that notification the date and the instrument permitting the processing, who you are, what the processing is called and what it is for, the categories of data and of data subjects, the safeguards on disclosure to third parties, how data subjects are informed and can exercise access, any linked processing, the retention period, an assessment of whether your security measures are adequate, any data processor you use, and the transfers you plan. |
Sensitive categories
29 laws, 28 jurisdictions| Jurisdiction | Law | What it asks, as read here |
|---|---|---|
| Law on the Protection of Personal Data, sensitive data categories |
Notify the Agência de Protecção de Dados of sensitive-data processing carried out under a legal provision, and carry it out with guarantees of non-discrimination and special security measures. |
|
| Loi n°2017-20 portant Code du Numérique en République du Bénin, Livre V, données sensibles et mineurs |
Obtain the Autorité's prior authorization before processing personal data covered by Article 394, personal data processed for journalism, research, artistic, or literary purposes under Article 397, a national identification number, or biometric data. |
|
| Personal Data Protection Law, sensitive personal data categories |
Obtain a Commission de l'informatique et des libertés (CIL) authorization before processing genetic or biometric data in the private sector, including for health research, and before processing personal data about offenses, convictions or safety measures in the private sector. |
|
| Law No. 133/V/2001 on the Protection of Personal Data, sensitive data categories |
Process health, sex life and sexual orientation data, including genetic data, only through a health professional or other person bound by professional secrecy, only for preventive medicine, work-capacity assessment, medical diagnosis, health or social care or health system management, and only once notified to the CNPD, with adequate information security measures. Process data on suspected illegal activities, criminal and administrative offences, convictions, security measures, fines, additional penalties or disciplinary offences under the CNPD's authorization, which is available where the processing is necessary for your legitimate purposes and does not override the data subject's rights, observing data protection and information security rules. |
|
| Law on the Protection of Personal Data, sensitive personal data |
Obtain the Commission's prior authorization and submit to its control before processing biometric data needed to verify a person's identity, data on a person's health or condition, or data on offenses and convictions. |
|
| Law No. 2013-450 on the Protection of Personal Data, sensitive categories of personal data |
Obtain ARTCI's prior authorization before processing genetic or medical data and related scientific research, an offense, conviction or court-imposed security measure, or biometric data. Where an exception permits processing that data, obtain ARTCI's authorization and design and carry out the processing under its supervision. |
|
| Egypt Personal Data Protection Law, Sensitive Personal Data and a child's data |
Obtain a Personal Data Protection Center license before collecting, storing, transferring, or processing any Sensitive Personal Data, including a biometric, health, genetic, financial, religious, political, or criminal-record identifier, or any data relating to a child. |
|
| Data Protection Act, 2022, sensitive personal information |
Apply to the Eswatini Communications Commission for authorisation before processing sensitive personal information in the public interest, and comply with any conditions the Commission imposes on that authorisation. |
|
| Loi 78-17 Articles 65, 66, 73 and 76, Health-Data Processing Through CNIL Référentiels and a Declaration of Conformity (as Amended by the Simplification Law of 26 May 2026) |
Before starting a processing of personal data in the field of health in France, make it conform to a CNIL référentiel and send the CNIL a declaration attesting that conformity, under Loi n. 78-17 Article 66 III; one declaration covers several processing operations under the same référentiel. If the processing does not conform to a CNIL référentiel, obtain the CNIL's authorization before carrying it out, under Loi n. 78-17 Article 66 IV. |
|
| Law No. 025/2023, sensitive categories of personal data and children's data |
Before processing personal data for a public-interest research, study or evaluation purpose in the health domain, obtain the APDPVP's authorization, given after the health-research consultative committee opines on your methodology and the necessity and relevance of the data. |
Show the other 19 laws
| Law 132/2025 Article 8, Health Data Processing for Research and Experimentation in Building AI Systems |
If you process data for research and experimentation in building AI systems for health purposes within Article 8 of Law 132/2025, communicate the processing to the Garante with the information required by GDPR Articles 24, 25, 32 and 35 and any processor named under Article 28, and start only thirty days after the communication unless the Garante has blocked it (Article 8, paragraph 5). |
|
| Law No. 81/2018, Part V, health, genetic identity and sexual-life data |
Apply to the Minister of Public Health for that licence before processing health, genetic-identity or sexual-life data, and treat silence for two months from the application as a refusal. |
|
| Data Protection Act, 2011, sensitive personal information |
Apply to the Data Protection Commission for authorisation before processing sensitive personal information in the public interest, and comply with any conditions the Commission imposes on that authorisation. |
|
| Loi n° 2017-020, catégories sensibles de données |
Get the Authority's prior authorization before processing genetic data, health-related research data, data on criminal offences or convictions, or biometric data. |
|
| Loi sur la Protection des Données Personnelles, données sensibles et mineurs |
As an administrative or judicial authority acting in the exercise of your public powers, do not process genetic or biometric data for authentication or identity control without first obtaining the Authority's opinion, and store the raw biometric data separately from any template derived from it. |
|
| Law No. 09-08, sensitive personal data and offense records |
Where you process health data solely for preventive medicine, medical diagnosis, care, or health service management under a practitioner's or an equally bound person's professional secrecy, file a declaration with the CNDP rather than seeking its prior authorization. |
|
| Loi n° 2022-59, données sensibles, de santé et biométriques |
Obtain the HAPDP's prior authorization before any processing of biometric data, and ensure it responds to a specific, justified necessity with safeguards under this law. |
|
| Law on Personal Data Protection (LPDP), special categories, a child's consent and biometric, health and genetic data |
Get the Agency's prior approval before processing health data, genetic data or biometric data of a person in North Macedonia, including where the processing rests on the data subject's own explicit consent, unless the processing is determined by a law that itself provides safeguards or the genetic data is processed by an expert for preventive medicine, diagnostics or treatment. |
|
| Ontario | Consumer Reporting Act, consumer reporting agencies and users of consumer reports |
Register with the Registrar before you conduct or act as a consumer reporting agency or act as a personal information investigator. |
| Ontario | Personal Health Information Protection Act, 2004, consumer electronic service providers from a date not yet set |
Comply with the requirements the regulations prescribe for consumer electronic service providers when you provide the service to an individual. |
| Ley N° 6534/2020, de Protección de Datos Personales Crediticios |
Provide credit-reference services only as a credit-information company (a Buró de Información Crediticia) authorized by the Banco Central del Paraguay, supply them only to the identified users article 14 lists, keep credit data lawful, accurate, complete and up to date, retain it for no more than five years from the recorded event unless a special rule sets another period or the parties agree a shorter one, and protect it with security measures and a duty of secrecy. |
|
| Personal Data Privacy Protection Law, special-nature personal data |
An app processing a data category the PDPPL treats as special in nature (ethnic origin, children's data, health, physical or psychological condition, religious creeds, marital relations, or criminal offenses) about an individual in Qatar must obtain permission from the Competent Department; Qatar's PDPPL does not currently name biometric data as its own special-nature category, so an app processing a voiceprint or faceprint should not assume this permission requirement applies without a further check of any ministerial decision that may have added it. |
|
| Law No. 29-2019, special categories of personal data |
Obtain the national commission's prior authorization before processing personal data bearing on genetic data or health research, offence, conviction or security-measure data, or biometric data. |
|
| Lei n.º 03/2016, sensitive categories and suspect records |
Where you process health or sex-life data, including genetic data, for preventive medicine, diagnosis, care or health-service management, do so only through a health professional or another person bound by professional secrecy, notify NAPPD of the processing, and secure it with appropriate information-security measures. Obtain NAPPD's authorization before processing sensitive personal data under the important-public-interest ground. |
|
| Loi n° 2008-12 du 25 janvier 2008 sur la Protection des Données à Caractère Personnel, catégories sensibles de données |
Get the CDP's prior authorization before processing genetic data, health-related research data, data on criminal offences or convictions, or biometric data. |
|
| Data Protection Act, 2023, sensitive personal data and children's consent |
Treat biometric data, race, clan or ethnic origin, religious belief, health status, marital status or sex life, and political opinion or affiliation as sensitive personal data, and apply the measures the Data Protection Authority prescribes by regulation for processing it. |
|
| Law No. 12 of 2024 on Protection of Electronic Personal Data, sensitive personal data |
Do not process sensitive personal data, including a psychological, mental, physical or genetic health condition or a biometric identifier such as a voiceprint or faceprint, without a license or permit from the Personal Data Protection Authority. |
|
| Loi n° 2019-014, données sensibles |
Obtain the Instance's prior authorization before processing genetic data, health research data, biometric data, or data on criminal offenses, convictions or security measures. |
|
| Organic Act on the Protection of Personal Data, sensitive categories and minors |
Get the INPDP's separate authorization, decided within thirty days, before processing a special category of data under article 14, except health data. Get the INPDP's authorization before a physician shares health data with a research body, and never keep or use health data beyond the time its purpose requires. |
Telephone contact
19 laws, 17 jurisdictions| Jurisdiction | Law | What it asks, as read here |
|---|---|---|
| Royal Decree of 12 May 2024, Blocking of International Voice Calls with Spoofed Belgian Telephone Numbers |
On the Institute's simple request, give it within 24 hours the name, address and contact details of the user who made a given call, and if you do not answer in time or your answer is incomplete or incorrect, block all incoming calls of that user within 24 hours. |
|
| Telephonic Sellers Registration Law |
If you or your salespersons place a telephone solicitation meeting the criteria in section 17511.1, such as offering a free additional item, a prize or gift conditioned on a purchase or payment, a below-regular-price claim, an interest in gold, silver, gems, minerals, oil, or gas, a loan-arrangement offer, or an upfront fee for a promised credit card, register with the Department of Justice's Consumer Protection Section at least 10 days before doing business in California, filing the information section 17511.4 requires with a $50 fee. Renew your registration annually with the same $50 fee, and file an addendum within 10 days of a material change to the registered information, or quarterly for a change in salespersons. +1 more |
|
| Telecommunications Act, Unsolicited Telecommunications and the National Do Not Call List |
Comply with any order the Commission makes under section 41 prohibiting or regulating the use of a Canadian carrier's telecommunications facilities for unsolicited telecommunications; this power does not reach a commercial electronic message that Canada's Anti-Spam Legislation section 6 already governs. |
|
| Delaware Telemarketing Fraud Act |
Unless exempted, obtain a certificate of registration from the Director of the Consumer Protection Unit, post a $50,000 surety bond or letter of credit, and pay the $100 administrative fee before transacting business with a Delaware customer as a telemarketing seller or telemarketing business; a corporation traded on a public exchange or its at least 60-percent-owned subsidiary, a 501(c)(3) or (6) nonprofit organized or qualified in Delaware, a telemarketing business under contract for such a corporation, and the other sellers 6 Del. C. § 2503A(g) lists need not register. |
|
| Florida Telemarketing Act |
Obtain a Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services license before doing business in this state as a commercial telephone seller or salesperson, on a written application accompanied by a bond, letter of credit, or certificate of deposit and a $1,500 fee, and do not employ or be affiliated with an unlicensed salesperson or commercial telephone seller. |
|
| Gesetz gegen den unlauteren Wettbewerb, Documentation of Consent to Telephone Advertising |
Produce the documentation to the competent administrative authority (the Bundesnetzagentur) without delay on request. |
|
| Registro pubblico delle opposizioni (Public Register of Oppositions), Codice Privacy Article 130(3) to (3-quater) and Presidential Decree 26/2022 |
Before you phone people, with or without a human operator, or send paper mail for advertising, direct sale, market research or commercial communication using national fixed or mobile numbers or postal addresses from subscriber lists, apply to the register's manager with proof of identity and the lists that are the source of your data and, if you process by telephone, a declaration that you activate calling line identification or use the code or prefix AGCOM sets, or the identity of any third party that makes the calls for you. |
|
| Maryland Telephone Consumer Protection Act |
Do not violate the federal Telemarketing and Consumer Fraud and Abuse Prevention Act as implemented by the Federal Trade Commission's Telemarketing Sales Rule, or the federal Telephone Consumer Protection Act as implemented by the Federal Communications Commission's telemarketing and telephone solicitation rules; either violation is independently unlawful, and independently actionable, under Maryland law. |
|
| Montana Telemarketing Registration and Fraud Prevention Act |
Before telemarketing to a Montana consumer (a telephone campaign to induce a purchase that involves more than one call to the consumer), register annually with the Montana Department of Justice and post a $50,000 surety bond or an equal certificate of deposit, cash or government bond, unless exempt: among others, a business-to-business sale, a consumer with an existing business relationship with or previous purchase from the business, a noncommercial solicitation, or a licensed securities, insurance or real estate professional or supervised financial organization. |
|
| Nevada Solicitation by Telephone Act |
If you solicit or cause to be solicited, by telephone or by a device for automatic dialing and announcing, a sale of goods or services or a donation that promises a free premium or prize, offers precious metals, gems, or an oil, gas, mineral or other investment opportunity, sells sporting-event information, offers a recovery service, or responds to inquiries you generated by telling the recipient they were specially selected, register as a seller, and as a salesperson if you communicate with consumers on the seller's behalf, with the Consumer Affairs Unit, post the required bond, letter of credit or certificate of deposit, and pay the registration fee, before doing business, whether you call from a location in Nevada or call into Nevada from elsewhere. |
Show the other 9 laws
| New Hampshire Automatic Telephone Dialing Systems and Caller Identification Services Act |
Before using an automatic telephone dialing system, equipment that stores or produces numbers to call randomly or sequentially and delivers a prerecorded message without a live operator, for solicitation in New Hampshire, register with the consumer protection and antitrust bureau of the department of justice at least 10 business days beforehand and pay the annual fee. |
|
| New Hampshire Telemarketing Sales Calls Act |
If the Federal Trade Commission's Telemarketing Sales Rule binds you, or would bind you if your calls were interstate, comply with it for telemarketing sales calls made within New Hampshire as well. |
|
| Commercial telephone seller registration and unlawful telemarketing practices |
Before making a commercial telephone solicitation call or message to a person in Oklahoma, register as a commercial telephone seller with the Attorney General at least ten days beforehand and file a $10,000.00 surety bond, unless an exemption in Section 775A.2 applies to you. |
|
| Oregon Registration of Telephonic Sellers |
If you cause or attempt a telephone solicitation of a business opportunity, or represent that a buyer will receive additional units without further cost or a prize or gift for buying or paying, a below-market price because of an unusual event or imminent price increase, or a seller, manufacturer or supplier other than the real one, or you sell gold, silver, other precious metals, precious stones, or an interest in oil, gas or a mineral field, well or exploration site by telephone, register with the Department of Justice at least 10 days before doing business in Oregon and pay the $400 annual fee, whether you call from Oregon or into Oregon. |
|
| Telemarketer Registration Act |
Register with the Office of Attorney General, with a $50,000 surety bond, at least 30 days before offering consumer goods or services for sale, and before you or your telemarketers initiate or receive a telemarketing call or message with a Pennsylvania subscriber, unless an exemption applies (among others, a business licensed by or registered with a federal or Commonwealth agency acting within that licence, a qualifying catalog seller, an established business-to-business seller, or a seller calling its own past purchasers after three years under one name). |
|
| Texto refundido de la Ley General para la Defensa de los Consumidores y Usuarios (TRLGDCU), Contracts Concluded by Telephone after Unsolicited Calls (Article 62(1) as rewritten by Ley 10/2025) |
If you conclude contracts with consumers and users by telephone, comply with the rules on unsolicited calls (Article 62(1)). |
|
| Automatic Dial Announcing Devices |
Before using an automated dial announcing device to make a call that originates or terminates in Texas, obtain a Public Utility Commission permit, renewed annually, and, before using it to play a recorded message on connection, give written notice of the device to each telecommunications utility over whose system it will be used. Notify the commission by certified mail at least 48 hours before changing the device's telephone number or physical address. |
|
| Telephone Solicitation Business Registration Act |
Before making a telephone solicitation (a call or other transmission, a text message included) from a location in Texas or to a purchaser in Texas, register each business location with the Texas Secretary of State on a verified registration statement with a $200 filing fee and $10,000 in security (a bond, letter of credit, or certificate of deposit), renew annually, and file a quarterly addendum listing the salespeople who solicited for you. Before completing a telephone-solicited sale, give the purchaser the disclosures section 302.202 requires, post the registration certificate at the business location, and do not refer to your compliance with the chapter. |
|
| Commercial Telephone Solicitation Act |
Register with the Washington Department of Licensing before doing business in the state as a commercial telephone solicitor, whether you solicit from a location in Washington or solicit purchasers located in Washington, and before maintaining or defending a lawsuit here. Do not have a salesperson solicit purchasers on your behalf while your registration is not current. |
Cross border transfer
7 laws, 7 jurisdictions| Jurisdiction | Law | What it asks, as read here |
|---|---|---|
| Law No. 133/V/2001 on the Protection of Personal Data, cross border transfer |
Before transferring personal data to a country that does not ensure an adequate level of protection, obtain the CNPD's permission based on the data subject's unambiguous consent or one of the law's other listed grounds, such as contractual necessity, an important public interest or legal claim, the data subject's vital interests, or a public register open to consultation. Present sufficient guarantees for the protection of privacy and fundamental rights and freedoms, in particular appropriate contractual clauses, to obtain the CNPD's authorization for a transfer or set of transfers to a country without an adequate level of protection. |
|
| Cambodia's Draft Law on Personal Data Protection, cross-border data transfer proposed |
A data controller relying on the safeguards or listed-circumstance grounds must be able to give the Ministry of Post and Telecommunications evidence of them. |
|
| GDPR Chapter V and Law 125(I)/2018 Articles 17-18, Cross-Border Transfer of Personal Data from Cyprus |
Before transferring special categories of personal data of a person in Cyprus to a third country on Article 46 safeguards or binding corporate rules, inform the Commissioner of your intention, and before relying on an Article 49 derogation for such a transfer, carry out an impact assessment and consult the Commissioner, under Law 125(I)/2018 Articles 17 and 18. |
|
| Law No. 025/2023, interconnection and cross-border transfer of personal data |
Obtain the APDPVP's authorization before interconnecting your data systems with those of another public-service body pursuing a different public interest, or with another private party's systems pursuing a different main purpose. |
|
| GDPR Chapter V and VDAI Article 46(3) Authorization, Cross-Border Transfer from Lithuania |
Allow for a VDAI authorization step of up to 20 working days, extendable once by up to 10 working days, where a transfer relies on safeguards that GDPR Article 46(3) makes subject to authorization, such as ad hoc contractual clauses or administrative arrangements. |
|
| Loi n° 2008-12 du 25 janvier 2008 sur la Protection des Données à Caractère Personnel, transferts vers un pays tiers |
Transfer personal data to a third country only if it ensures a sufficient level of protection for privacy and fundamental rights, unless a narrow consent-based or necessity derogation applies, and tell the CDP before every transfer to a third country. |
|
| Law on Personal Data Protection, cross-border transfer |
An app transferring the personal data of an individual in Vietnam, including biometric data, to a recipient outside the country must prepare a cross-border transfer impact assessment dossier and send it to the specialized personal data protection agency within 60 days of the first transfer; a violation risks a fine of up to 5 percent of the organization's prior-year revenue, a materially higher tier than the Law's general penalty. |
Biometric privacy
6 laws, 6 jurisdictions| Jurisdiction | Law | What it asks, as read here |
|---|---|---|
| Law on Protection of Personal Data, biometric data provisions |
An app that captures or stores a voiceprint, faceprint, or other biometric identifier from a person in Armenia must obtain the data subject's consent, unless a law-defined purpose can only be achieved through that processing, and must notify the authorized body before beginning to process biometric data, since Armenia's biometric-data definition does not distinguish by modality or by whether the identifier was derived from a recording. |
|
| Personal Data Protection Law, biometric data prior authorisation |
An app must obtain the Personal Data Protection Authority's prior written authorisation before automatically processing biometric data to verify an individual's identity in Bahrain, and before processing a visual recording used for surveillance purposes; consent alone is not a sufficient basis for either activity. |
|
| Provisions on Security Management of Facial Recognition Technology Application |
File with the provincial-level cyberspace administration once the stored facial-information count reaches 100,000 individuals. |
|
| Law No. 06/L-082 on Protection of Personal Data, use of biometric characteristics |
In the private sector, apply the same necessity test, inform employees in writing in advance of the measures and their rights, and submit a detailed description of the proposed measures to the Agency for Information and Privacy before taking them. Do not implement a private-sector biometric measure until the Agency has authorised it, which the Agency must decide within thirty days of receiving your submission. |
|
| GDPR Article 9 and Cap. 586, Genetic, Biometric and Health Data Research Processing in Malta |
Consult with, and obtain prior authorization from, the IDPC before processing genetic, biometric, or health data of a person in Malta for statistical or research purposes in the public interest, under Cap. 586. |
|
| ZVOP-2 Chapter 4 (Articles 81-84) and Article 80, Biometric and Genetic Data |
Before starting to process biometric personal data in the private sector, send the Information Commissioner a description of the intended processing and the reasons for introducing it, and begin the biometric measures only after receiving its decision allowing them, unless the measures are carried out as ZVOP-2 Article 83(3) provides (data under the customer's exclusive control and certified under Article 52), under ZVOP-2 Article 83(5), (6), (7) and (9). |
AI risk obligations
2 laws, 2 jurisdictions| Jurisdiction | Law | What it asks, as read here |
|---|---|---|
| AI Act, Article 26(10) (post-remote biometric identification authorisation) from , in 13 months |
Submit annual reports to the relevant market surveillance and data protection authorities on your use of post-remote biometric identification systems. |
|
| Artificial Intelligence (Designation of the Information and Data Protection Commissioner for the purposes of Regulation (EU) 2024/1689) Regulations, 2025 (L.N. 227 of 2025) |
Obtain prior authorisation from a Magistrate for each use of a real-time remote biometric identification system in a publicly accessible space in Malta for law enforcement purposes (or request it within twenty-four hours where urgency justifies starting without it), and notify the Commissioner of each such use with the Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 Article 5(6) information excluding sensitive operational data; if you deploy a high-risk post-remote biometric identification system, request the Magistrate's authorisation ex ante or without undue delay and within forty-eight hours, except for the initial identification of a potential suspect, under regulations 6 and 7 of Legal Notice 227 of 2025. |
Breach notification
2 laws, 2 jurisdictions| Jurisdiction | Law | What it asks, as read here |
|---|---|---|
| Ontario | Personal Health Information Protection Act, 2004, breach notification by custodians and agents |
On or before March 1 each year, report to the Commissioner how many times in the previous calendar year personal health information in your custody or control was stolen, lost, used without authority or disclosed without authority. If you employ a health care practitioner who is a member of a College and the practitioner is terminated, suspended or disciplined because of unauthorized collection, use, disclosure, retention or disposal of personal health information, or resigns and you have reasonable grounds to believe the resignation is related to an investigation of that conduct, give the College written notice within 30 days of the event. +2 more |
| Cyber and Data Protection Regulations 2024, security breach notification |
Answer the Authority's information request about a data breach within 14 days of that request, and cooperate with its enquiries or investigations. |
Data subject rights
2 laws, 2 jurisdictions| Jurisdiction | Law | What it asks, as read here |
|---|---|---|
| Constitución Política del Estado, Acción de Protección de Privacidad |
A court ordering disclosure, deletion, or rectification under this action must be obeyed immediately, without waiting on the automatic constitutional review. |
|
| Personal Data Protection Law, automated decisions |
Obtain a CIL authorization before using an automated decision-support tool that profiles a person or relies on artificial intelligence techniques for predictive purposes in an administrative or private decision. |
Interception and recording consent
2 laws, 2 jurisdictions| Jurisdiction | Law | What it asks, as read here |
|---|---|---|
| Temporary Derogation for Detecting Online Child Sexual Abuse in Messaging Services |
For new technology, meaning technology used to detect online child sexual abuse material that no provider had used in relation to services provided to users in the Union before , and for technology used to identify possible solicitation of children, report back to the competent authority on the measures you have taken to demonstrate compliance with the written advice the supervisory authority issued under Article 36(2) of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 in the prior consultation (Article 3(1), point (d)). Until that condition does not apply to a provider that was using such a technology before without having completed a prior consultation procedure for it, starts a procedure as referred to in point (d) before and duly cooperates with the competent supervisory authority (Article 3(3)). |
|
| Electronic Communications Law, Article 73(1) to (3), Confidentiality of Communications and Recording in Business Practice |
If you provide electronic communications networks or services, take appropriate organizational and technical measures to ensure the confidentiality of communications, and give the State Data Protection Inspectorate the conditions to carry out its control. |
Social media and minors
2 laws, 2 jurisdictions| Jurisdiction | Law | What it asks, as read here |
|---|---|---|
| Ordonnance n°0011/PR/2026, protection des mineurs sur les réseaux sociaux |
Report quarterly on the number of minor accounts detected, blocked or removed and the verification methods used. |
|
| Law 4779/2021 Article 32, Video-Sharing Platform and Social Network Minor Protection Duties |
Submit data to the National Council for Radio and Television (ESR) every year: complaints received and resolved by category, out-of-court settlements, and the parental-control or age-verification systems and media-literacy measures you adopted. |
AI prohibited practices
1 law, 1 jurisdiction| Jurisdiction | Law | What it asks, as read here |
|---|---|---|
| Commission Guidelines on prohibited AI practices under the AI Act (C(2025) 5052 final) |
Where national law permits real-time remote biometric identification for law enforcement under an Article 5(1)(h) exception, do not use the system until a fundamental rights impact assessment has been completed and the competent judicial or independent administrative authority has authorized the use, except in a duly justified urgent case; register the system in the EU database, without undue delay in a justified emergency; and notify each use to the market surveillance authority and the national data protection authority (Section 10, paragraphs 377, 380, 382, 383 and 409). Comply with the other Union law that continues to apply alongside Article 5, since respecting the prohibitions is not a sufficient condition for compliance with it: the General Data Protection Regulation, the Law Enforcement Directive and Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 (paragraph 45), with the AI Act applying as lex specialis to Article 10 of the Law Enforcement Directive for biometric categorization and real-time remote biometric identification used for law enforcement (paragraph 46), and Union consumer protection and safety legislation (paragraph 47) (Section 2.8, paragraphs 43 to 47). |
AI sector rules
1 law, 1 jurisdiction| Jurisdiction | Law | What it asks, as read here |
|---|---|---|
| Central Bank of Jordan Artificial Intelligence Framework for the Banking Sector, Version 1.0 |
The CBJ says that along with the framework you should adhere to the regulations, guidelines, frameworks and circulars it issues and to national cybersecurity and data privacy laws, including Personal Data Protection Law 24 of 2023 (section 3.1). |
App store age verification (AV)
1 law, 1 jurisdiction| Jurisdiction | Law | What it asks, as read here |
|---|---|---|
| Code of Practice for Online Safety, App Distribution Services |
Implement age assurance consistently with the Personal Data Protection Act 2012's data-protection provisions and the Personal Data Protection Commission's guidelines on children's personal data, including data minimisation. If you have not yet implemented age assurance, submit an implementation plan and timeline to IMDA for its agreement. |
Commercial messages
1 law, 1 jurisdiction| Jurisdiction | Law | What it asks, as read here |
|---|---|---|
| ePrivacy Directive |
For unsolicited direct marketing by means other than an automated calling machine, fax, or electronic mail, chiefly a live telephone call, check the Member State's own transposition: each state independently chooses whether such contact needs the recipient's prior consent or only needs to honour a recipient's objection. |
Device storage and tracking consent
1 law, 1 jurisdiction| Jurisdiction | Law | What it asks, as read here |
|---|---|---|
| Einwilligungsverwaltungsverordnung (EinwV, Consent Management Services Ordinance), Recognized Consent-Management Services |
To be recognized by the Federal Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information, a consent-management service must apply with a security concept (sections 8, 10 and 12) and meet the Part 2 requirements, among them: store the settings an end user made and transmit them to the provider on each further use, manage only consents for which the end user was informed in advance of the matters section 3(2) lists, and document the information on which a consent rests in a way that is easily accessible to the end user (section 3). |
Full text of the NIST Privacy Framework, public domain (a US government work). Every control of the framework.