Law / Frameworks / NIST Privacy Framework / Control-P

NIST Privacy Framework, Control-PCT.PO-P3

Policies, processes, and procedures for enabling individuals’ data processing preferences and requests are established and in place.NIST Privacy Framework, version 1.0, January 2020, CT.PO-P3

We read each law below as bearing on this control. That does not mean the control, done well, meets the law: what each law asks is on its own page. Law library as of .

361
laws
186
jurisdictions
13
with court rulings behind them
35
not yet in force
7
proposed, not law

Related controls in other frameworks the same duties, in at least two laws we track, reach both

A law in force is unmarked; the rest wear their state: not yet in force proposed

  • Alabama
  • Albania
  • Algeria
  • Andorra
  • Angola
  • Antigua and Barbuda
  • Argentina
  • Arkansas
  • Australia
  • Austria
  • Azerbaijan
  • Bahamas
  • Bahrain
  • Bangladesh
  • Barbados
  • Belarus
  • Belgium
  • Belize
  • Benin
  • Bermuda
  • Bolivia
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Botswana
  • Brazil
  • Brunei Darussalam
  • Bulgaria
  • Burkina Faso
  • Cabo Verde
  • California
  • Cambodia
  • Canada
  • Cayman Islands
  • Central African Republic
  • Chad
  • China
  • Colombia
  • Colorado
  • Comoros
  • Connecticut
  • Croatia
  • Cuba
  • Cyprus
  • Czech Republic
  • Côte d'Ivoire
  • Delaware
  • Democratic Republic of the Congo
  • Denmark
  • Dominican Republic
  • Ecuador
  • Egypt
  • El Salvador
  • Estonia
  • Eswatini
  • Ethiopia
  • European Union
  • Finland
  • Florida
  • France
  • Gabon
  • Gambia
  • Georgia
  • Germany
  • Ghana
  • Greece
  • Grenada
  • Guatemala
  • Honduras
  • Hungary
  • Iceland
  • Idaho
  • Illinois
  • India
  • Indiana
  • Indonesia
  • Iowa
  • Iran
  • Ireland
  • Israel
  • Italy
  • Jamaica
  • Japan
  • Jordan
  • Kentucky
  • Kenya
  • Kiribati
  • Kosovo
  • Latvia
  • Lebanon
  • Lesotho
  • Liberia
  • Libya
  • Liechtenstein
  • Lithuania
  • Louisiana
  • Luxembourg
  • Madagascar
  • Malawi
  • Maldives
  • Mali
  • Malta
  • Maryland
  • Massachusetts
  • Mauritania
  • Mauritius
  • Mexico
  • Michigan
  • Minnesota
  • Moldova
  • Monaco
  • Mongolia
  • Montana
  • Montenegro
  • Morocco
  • Mozambique
  • Nauru
  • Nebraska
  • Netherlands
  • Nevada
  • New Hampshire
  • New Jersey
  • New York
  • Nicaragua
  • Niger
  • North Carolina
  • Norway
  • Oklahoma
  • Oman
  • Oregon
  • Panama
  • Paraguay
  • Pennsylvania
  • Peru
  • Philippines
  • Poland
  • Portugal
  • Puerto Rico
  • Republic of the Congo
  • Rhode Island
  • Romania
  • Russia
  • Rwanda
  • Saint Kitts and Nevis
  • Saint Lucia
  • Samoa
  • San Marino
  • Sao Tome and Principe
  • Senegal
  • Serbia
  • Seychelles
  • Singapore
  • Slovakia
  • Slovenia
  • Solomon Islands
  • Somalia
  • South Africa
  • South Carolina
  • South Korea
  • Spain
  • Sri Lanka
  • Suriname
  • Sweden
  • Switzerland
  • Syria
  • Tanzania
  • Tennessee
  • Texas
  • Togo
  • Tonga
  • Trinidad and Tobago
  • Tunisia
  • Turkey
  • Uganda
  • Ukraine
  • United Kingdom
  • United States
  • Uruguay
  • Utah
  • Vanuatu
  • Venezuela
  • Vermont
  • Virginia
  • Washington
  • Zambia
  • Zimbabwe

Data subject rights

198 laws, 161 jurisdictions
JurisdictionLawWhat it asks, as read here
Alabama Alabama Personal Data Protection Act (HB 351), consumer rights from , in 6 months

Give an Alabama consumer a means to confirm processing, access, correct, delete, and receive a portable copy of their personal data, free of charge once every 12 months.

Offer an Alabama consumer an opt-out of targeted advertising, the sale of personal data, and profiling in furtherance of a solely automated decision with a significant effect.

+1 more
Albania Law No. 124/2024, rights of the data subject

Answer a data subject's request under Articles 13 to 20 as soon as possible and no later than 30 days after receiving it, extendable to 60 days for complex or numerous requests, and free of charge unless the request is manifestly unfounded or excessive.

Give a data subject access to their personal data, its purpose, retention period, source, and recipients within 30 days of the request, and correct or erase inaccurate, unlawfully processed, or no longer necessary personal data within 30 days, telling every recipient the data were disclosed to of the change.

+1 more
Algeria Loi n° 18-07 relative à la protection des personnes physiques, droits de la personne concernée

Rectify, erase or lock inaccurate, incomplete or unlawfully processed personal data at no charge, within ten days of the data subject's request.

Stop processing a person's personal data for direct marketing as soon as they object, and honour any other objection made on legitimate grounds unless a legal obligation or the terms of your ANPDP authorisation say otherwise.

Andorra LQPD, rights of the data subject

Answer an access, rectification, erasure, restriction, portability or objection request within one month of receipt, extendable by two further months for complex or numerous requests, and tell the data subject about any extension within the first month.

Restrict processing on request while accuracy is contested, in place of erasure where the data subject prefers restriction, where you no longer need the data but the data subject does for legal claims, or while an objection is being verified.

+1 more
Angola Law on the Protection of Personal Data, rights of data subjects

Let a data subject object at any time, on compelling and legitimate grounds tied to their particular situation, to processing carried out under a public-interest or legitimate-interest ground, and exclude their data from that processing once the objection is justified.

Rectify, update or eliminate a data subject's personal data within sixty business days of a request where its processing does not comply with this law, and notify any recipient the data was previously disclosed to of the correction, update or elimination unless that is demonstrably impossible.

Antigua and Barbuda Data Protection Act, 2013, notice and rights of data subjects

Where you deny an access request, state the specific statutory ground in the refusal notice, tell the data subject of the right to complain to the Information Commissioner, and treat a failure to respond within the time limits as a deemed refusal.

Argentina Ley 25.326, rights of data subjects

Rectify, update, or, where appropriate, delete or restrict a data subject's inaccurate, incomplete, or outdated personal data within five business days of the claim or of learning of the error, and notify any recipient the data were disclosed to within five business days, unless erasure would harm a third party's legitimate rights or a legal duty requires retention.

Provide rectification, updating, or erasure of inaccurate or incomplete personal data free of charge, and mark a record as under review while you verify its accuracy.

+1 more
Austria GDPR Articles 12-21 and DSG Section 4, Data Subject Rights in Austria

Honor a person's request to access, rectify, erase, restrict, port, or object to processing of their personal data in Austria within one month of receipt.

If economic or technical reasons mean you can correct or erase a person's automated personal data in Austria only at set times, restrict its processing until then, with the effect of GDPR Article 18(2), under DSG Section 4(2).

Azerbaijan Law on Personal Data, data subject rights

An app holding the personal data of a person in Azerbaijan must give that person the Art. 7 rights on request, including access and correction, must immediately honor a written objection unless processing is legally mandatory, and must let a person object to a decision produced through information-technology processing that harms their interests.

Bahrain Personal Data Protection Law, data subject rights

An app that receives a data-subject request from an individual in Bahrain must respond within a fixed working-day deadline, ten or fifteen working days depending on the request type, rather than an open-ended reasonable-time standard.

Show the other 188 laws
Barbados Data Protection Act, 2019, automated decisions

Honour a data subject's right to object to automated decision-making.

Barbados Data Protection Act, 2019, rights of a data subject

Honour a data subject's rights to access, rectification, erasure, restriction, portability, and objection to direct marketing.

Stop processing personal data for the purposes of direct marketing as soon as the data subject asks you to, with no ground for refusing.

Belarus Law of the Republic of Belarus On Personal Data Protection, rights of the personal data subject

Give a personal data subject, on request and within five working days, information on the processing of their personal data, including your identity, confirmation of processing, the data and its source, and the legal basis and purposes, or explain why you refuse, under Article 11, and rectify personal data that are incomplete, outdated or inaccurate on request.

Require a personal data subject exercising an Article 10 to 13 right to submit a written or electronic application under Article 14, and respond in the same form the application was made unless the subject asks otherwise.

Belgium GDPR Article 22, Automated Decision-Making in Belgium

Give a person in Belgium a path to obtain human intervention, express their view, and contest a decision made solely by automated processing that produces a legal or similarly significant effect on them.

Belgium GDPR Articles 12-21 and Act of 30 July 2018 Title 5, Data Subject Rights and Action en Cessation in Belgium

Honor a person's request to access, rectify, erase, restrict, port, or object to processing of their personal data in Belgium within one month of receipt.

Benin Loi n°2017-20 portant Code du Numérique en République du Bénin, Livre V, droits des personnes concernées

Respond to a data subject's request to access, rectify, or object to the processing of their personal data, and pass on any correction to any third party the data was disclosed to.

Let a data subject object at any time, on legitimate grounds, to the processing of their personal data, and let them object free of charge and without any justification to processing for direct marketing, charitable, or political prospecting.

+2 more
Bermuda Personal Information Protection Act 2016, rights of individuals

Correct, block, erase or destroy personal information on written request where it contains an error or omission.

Bolivia Constitución Política del Estado, Acción de Protección de Privacidad

Let a person know, object to, and obtain the deletion or rectification of personal data about them that your records or databases hold, when that data affects their right to personal or family privacy, image, honour, or reputation.

Bosnia and Herzegovina Law on the Protection of Personal Data of Bosnia and Herzegovina, rights of data subjects

Answer a request for access, rectification, erasure, restriction, or portability under Articles 17 to 22, and notify any recipient the data were disclosed to of a rectification, erasure or restriction you make.

Stop processing personal data for direct marketing purposes as soon as a person objects, under Article 23.

Botswana Data Protection Act, 2024, rights of data subjects

Act on a data subject's request to rectify, erase, restrict the processing of, port, or object to the processing of their personal data, and inform the data subject of the outcome without undue delay and, in any event, within one month of receipt of the request, extendable by up to two further months with the Commission's approval.

Brazil LGPD, rights of the data subject

Let a data subject confirm that processing exists, access their data, correct it, or have it anonymized, blocked, deleted, or ported to another provider, on request.

Tell a data subject which public and private entities you shared their data with, let them object to processing carried out under a consent exemption where it violates this law, and let them revoke consent at any time through a free and easy procedure.

Brunei Darussalam Personal Data Protection Order 2025, data-subject rights

Brunei's Personal Data Protection Order 2025 has granted an individual a right to access personal data an organisation holds about them, including a voiceprint or faceprint, and a right to have inaccurate personal data corrected, since these rights (Part 5) took effect under Government Gazette No. S 11/2025. The Order names no separate deletion or data-portability right.

Bulgaria GDPR Article 22, Automated Decisions in Bulgaria

Give a person in Bulgaria a path to obtain human intervention, express their view, and contest a decision made solely by automated processing that produces a legal or similarly significant effect on them.

Bulgaria GDPR Articles 12-21 and Personal Data Protection Act Articles 37a-37v, Data Subject Rights in Bulgaria

Honor a person's request to access, rectify, erase, restrict, port, or object to processing of their personal data in Bulgaria within one month of receipt.

Accept a rights request from a person in Bulgaria made in writing, electronically, or through an action in your product's interface once the person is identified, under Personal Data Protection Act Articles 37b and 37v.

Burkina Faso Personal Data Protection Law, rights of the data subject

Stop processing a person's data on their objection for legitimate reasons, unless you can show an overriding legitimate ground for the processing that outweighs their rights.

Rectify, complete, update, lock or erase personal data at a data subject's written request within two months, notify any third party the data was disclosed to, and carry the burden of proof if you dispute the request.

Cabo Verde Law No. 133/V/2001 on the Protection of Personal Data, open-network warning, health-data access and marketing objection

Let a data subject object on request and free of charge to processing for direct marketing or other prospecting, and object without cost to a first disclosure to third parties for those purposes or to use on behalf of third parties.

Cabo Verde Law No. 133/V/2001 on the Protection of Personal Data, rights of data subjects

Let a data subject object at any time, on compelling legitimate grounds relating to their particular situation, to processing you carry out for a public interest or legitimate interest ground, and stop unless you show overriding compelling legitimate grounds or the processing serves a legal claim.

California CCPA/CPRA Consumer Rights: Access, Deletion, Correction, and Opt-Out

Provide a California consumer a verifiable way to request access to, deletion of, correction of, and a portable copy of their personal information, and respond within the CCPA's statutory timeline.

Honor a Global Privacy Control signal or another recognized opt-out preference signal as a valid request to opt out of the sale or sharing of personal information.

+1 more
Cambodia Cambodia's Draft Law on Personal Data Protection, rights of data subjects proposed

A data controller must give a data subject the information article 27 lists before processing their personal data, and must act on a request to access, rectify, erase, restrict, receive in a portable form, or object to the processing of their personal data, generally within one month of the request.

A data controller must honor a data subject's objection to the processing of their personal data where it is used entirely for direct marketing purposes, a right the draft makes absolute.

Central African Republic Loi n° 24.001 portant protection des données à caractère personnel, droits liés au traitement

Get a person's prior consent before contacting them with direct marketing by phone, fax, SMS, email, instant message, or social network, and let them unsubscribe or change their preferences at any time.

Give every marketing communication, including one sent to a business or a professional contact, a notice and an unsubscribe mechanism as simple and effective as the original sign up.

+2 more
Chad Loi n°007/PR/2015, droits de la personne concernée (information, accès, opposition, rectification)

Honor a data subject's objection, made on legitimate grounds, to processing of their personal data, including before first communicating it to a third party or using it for prospecting.

Within one month of a written request, rectify, complete, update, block, or erase personal data that is inaccurate, incomplete, equivocal, outdated, or unlawfully held.

China Personal Information Protection Law, automated decisions

Offer a non-personalized option or a convenient opt-out wherever automated decision-making is used to push marketing or commercial information.

Provide an explanation and honor an individual's refusal of a decision made solely by automated means where that decision has a major effect on their rights.

China Personal Information Protection Law, Individual Rights

Provide a convenient channel for individuals to access, copy, correct, or delete their personal information, and to request portability to another handler where state conditions are met.

Give a reasoned written explanation whenever a rights request is refused.

Colombia Ley 1581 de 2012, Data Subject Rights and Procedures

Give a data subject the right to know, update and rectify their personal data, request proof of the authorization given, be told on request how their data has been used, revoke the authorization or seek deletion where the processing violates their constitutional or statutory rights, and access their personal data free of charge.

Mark the record with a pending claim legend within two business days of receiving a complete claim for correction, updating or deletion, and resolve the claim within fifteen business days, or fifteen days extendable by eight more days with notice of the delay and a new resolution date.

Colombia SIC Circular on AI, Data Subject Rights

Put in place pertinent, efficient and demonstrable strategies for an artificial intelligence system to guarantee the data subject rights that Ley 1266 de 2008 and Ley 1581 de 2012 and their implementing decrees establish.

Comoros Law on the Protection of Personal Data, rights of data subjects

Let a data subject object, on legitimate grounds, to the processing of their personal data.

Let a data subject object, free of charge and without needing to state a reason, to their personal data being used for commercial, charitable or political prospecting.

+1 more
Connecticut Connecticut Data Privacy Act, consumer rights

Give a Connecticut consumer a means to confirm whether you process their personal data, access it, correct it, delete it, and receive a portable copy.

Offer a Connecticut consumer an opt-out of targeted advertising, sale, and profiling in furtherance of decisions with legal or similarly significant effects, and honor a universal opt-out preference signal.

+2 more
Croatia GDPR Article 22, Right Against Automated Individual Decision-Making

Give a person in Croatia a path to obtain human intervention, express their view, and contest a decision made solely by automated processing that produces a legal or similarly significant effect on them.

Croatia GDPR Articles 12-21, Data Subject Rights in Croatia

Honor a person's request to access, rectify, erase, restrict, port, or object to processing of their personal data in Croatia within one month of receipt.

Cyprus GDPR Articles 12-21 and Law 125(I)/2018 Article 11, Data Subject Rights in Cyprus

Honor a person's request to access, rectify, erase, restrict, port, or object to processing of their personal data in Cyprus within one month of receipt.

Czech Republic GDPR Article 22, Automated Decisions in the Czech Republic

Give a person in the Czech Republic a path to obtain human intervention, express their view, and contest a decision made solely by automated processing that produces a legal or similarly significant effect on them.

Czech Republic GDPR Articles 12-21 and Act No. 110/2019 Sb. Section 11, Data Subject Rights in the Czech Republic

Honor a person's request to access, rectify, erase, restrict, port, or object to processing of their personal data in the Czech Republic within one month of receipt.

Côte d'Ivoire Law No. 2013-450 on the Protection of Personal Data, rights of the data subject

Stop processing a person's data for prospecting purposes as soon as they object, free of charge, and tell them before their data are first disclosed to a third party for prospecting so they can object to that disclosure.

Rectify, complete, update, delete or lock personal data on request where it is inaccurate, incomplete, ambiguous or outdated, including at the request of a deceased person's successors.

Delaware Delaware Personal Data Privacy Act, consumer rights

Give a Delaware consumer a means to confirm whether you process their personal data, access it, correct it, delete it, and receive a portable copy.

Offer a Delaware consumer an opt-out of targeted advertising, sale, and profiling in furtherance of decisions with legal or similarly significant effects, and honor universal opt-out preference signals as of . Until the profiling opt-out reaches only solely-automated decisions; from it reaches automated decisions.

+1 more
Democratic Republic of the Congo Digital Code, Title III, rights of the data subject

Let a data subject object at any time, on legitimate grounds, to processing of their data, offer them that right expressly and free of charge before their data is first communicated to a third party or used for prospecting, and answer an objection within thirty days.

Do not charge a data subject for supplying information or acting on a request, and tell them in writing within thirty days if you do not act on their request.

+1 more
Denmark GDPR Articles 12-21, Data Subject Rights as Applied in Denmark

Honor a person's request to access, rectify, erase, restrict, port, or object to processing of their personal data within one month of receipt, for a person in Denmark.

Dominican Republic Ley No. 172-13 sobre Protección Integral de los Datos Personales, rights of data subjects and habeas data

Correct, update, or suppress inaccurate, incomplete, or outdated personal data on a data subject's request, free of charge, within ten business days of the request or of discovering the error, and notify any recipient the data was disclosed to within five business days of the correction.

Recognize a data subject's independent rights of access, rectification, cancellation, and opposition, and their right to bring a judicial habeas data action to learn of, access, correct, or suppress personal data, without requiring one right to be exercised before another.

+3 more
Ecuador LOPDP, derechos del titular

Answer a data subject's request for information, access, rectification, updating, erasure, objection, portability or suspension of the processing on the terms articles 12 to 19 set.

Ecuador SPDP Norma General guaranteeing personal-data protection in the use of AI systems

Guarantee the data subject's rights under the LOPDP, and access to the mechanisms for exercising them, where an AI system processes the data subject's personal data; a processor owes this only where it has access to, visibility of, or effective control over that data.

Egypt Egypt Personal Data Protection Law, rights of the Data Subject

Give a Data Subject, on request, access to their own Personal Data you hold, and let them withdraw consent to its retention or processing, correct, edit, delete, add to or update it, limit the processing to a specified purpose, and object to the processing or its results where it contradicts their fundamental rights and freedoms.

Reply to a request to exercise those rights within six working days of the day it was submitted.

+1 more
El Salvador Ley para la Protección de Datos Personales, rights of data subjects

Stop processing a data subject's personal data, including profiling for direct marketing, as soon as they object, unless a listed exception applies, and limit processing on request while a dispute is pending.

Charge nothing for exercising ARCO-POL rights beyond reproduction, certification or delivery costs, and give a reasoned written denial within three business days when you refuse a request.

Estonia GDPR Articles 12-21, Data Subject Rights as Applied in Estonia

Honor a person's request to access, rectify, erase, restrict, port, or object to processing of their personal data in Estonia within one month of receipt.

Eswatini Data Protection Act, 2022, rights of data subjects

Give a data subject written reasons where you deny an access request, and let them challenge those reasons.

Correct, destroy, or delete personal information on a data subject's request within fourteen days where it is inaccurate, irrelevant, excessive, out of date, incomplete, misleading, or unlawfully obtained, and tell anyone the changed information was disclosed to within seven working days of the correction where it affects a decision about the data subject.

+2 more
Ethiopia Personal Data Protection Proclamation, rights of data subjects

Stop processing personal data for direct marketing, including the profiling related to it, as soon as the data subject objects, and bring the right to object to the data subject's attention explicitly.

Restrict processing on request in the cases article 30 lists, keep the data stored but otherwise unused without the data subject's consent, and tell the data subject before lifting the restriction.

European Union Anti-Money-Laundering Regulation, Customer Rights on Decisions Resulting from Automated Processes and AI Systems (Article 76(5)) from , in 8 months

Let the customer challenge the decision you have reached, except in relation to a report as referred to in Article 69 (Article 76(5), point (c)).

European Union Consumer Credit Directive, Right to Human Intervention in an Automated Creditworthiness Assessment (Article 18(8)) from , in 6 days

Give the consumer the right to express the consumer's own point of view to you (Article 18(8), point (b)).

Give the consumer the right to request a review of the assessment of the creditworthiness and of your decision on the granting of the credit (Article 18(8), point (c)).

European Union Data Act, User Access to Connected-Product Data and Sharing with Third Parties (Articles 3 to 5)

Do not make the exercise of choices or rights under Article 4 by the user unduly difficult, including by offering choices to the user in a non-neutral manner or by subverting or impairing the autonomy, decision-making or choices of the user via the structure, design, function or manner of operation of a user digital interface or a part thereof (Article 4(4)).

Where the data holder refuses to share data pursuant to Article 4, notify the competent authority designated under Article 37 (Article 4(2)); where the data holder withholds or suspends the sharing of data identified as trade secrets (Article 4(7)), or refuses a request on the ground of serious economic damage from the disclosure of trade secrets (Article 4(8)), also give the user a duly substantiated decision in writing without undue delay (Article 4(7) and (8)).

+1 more
European Union European Health Data Space Regulation, Right to Opt Out of Secondary Use of Personal Electronic Health Data (Article 71) from , in 2.4 years

Honor a natural person's right to opt out at any time, and without providing any reason, from the processing of personal electronic health data relating to them for secondary use under the Regulation, and keep the exercise of that right reversible (Article 71(1)).

European Union European Health Data Space Regulation, Rights of Natural Persons in the Primary Use of Electronic Health Data (Articles 3 to 10) from , in 2.4 years

Honor a natural person's right to restrict the access of health professionals and healthcare providers to all or parts of their personal electronic health data as referred to in Article 3: make the natural person aware that restricting access might impact the provision of healthcare to them, and do not make the restriction visible to healthcare providers (Article 8).

European Union GDPR Article 22, Automated Individual Decision-Making

Where relying on the contract-necessity or explicit-consent exception, implement suitable safeguards, at minimum the right to obtain human intervention, to express a point of view, and to contest the decision.

European Union GDPR Articles 12-21, Data Subject Rights

Honor a data subject's request to access, rectify, erase, restrict, port, or object to processing of their personal data within one month of receipt, a period that can be extended by two further months where necessary given the complexity and number of requests (Article 12(3)).

European Union Platform Work Directive, Transparency, Human Oversight and Human Review of Automated Systems (Articles 9 to 11) from , in 3 weeks

On the request of a person performing platform work, or of their representative acting on their behalf in accordance with national law or practice, review a decision referred to in Article 11(1), and respond with a sufficiently precise and adequately substantiated reply in the form of a written document, which may be in electronic form, without undue delay and in any event within two weeks of receipt of the request (Article 11(2)).

Finland GDPR Articles 12-21 and Data Protection Act Sections 21 and 33-34, Data Subject Rights in Finland

Honor a person's request to access, rectify, erase, restrict, port, or object to processing of their personal data in Finland within one month of receipt, unless a Data Protection Act Section 33 or 34 national security, defence, public order, or tax supervisory ground applies.

Florida Florida Digital Bill of Rights, consumer rights

Give a qualifying Florida consumer a means to confirm whether you process their personal data, access it, correct it, delete data you provided or obtained about them, and receive it in a portable, readily usable digital format.

Offer a Florida consumer an opt-out of targeted advertising, sale of personal data, profiling producing a legal or similarly significant effect, collection or processing of sensitive data including precise geolocation, and collection of personal data through a voice or facial recognition feature.

+1 more
France GDPR Article 22, Right Against Automated Individual Decision-Making

Give a person in France a path to obtain human intervention, express their view, and contest a decision made solely by automated processing, including profiling, that produces a legal or similarly significant effect on them.

France GDPR Articles 12-21 and Loi 78-17 Article 49, Data Subject Rights in France

Honor a person's request to access, rectify, erase, restrict, port, or object to processing of their personal data in France within one month of receipt.

Gabon Law No. 025/2023, automated decisions and profiling

Do not subject a person to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, without letting them oppose it.

Where you make such a decision, implement appropriate measures to safeguard the person's rights, freedoms and legitimate interests, including at least their right to obtain human intervention, express their point of view, and contest the decision.

Gabon Law No. 025/2023, rights of the data subject and transparency obligations

Respond to a data subject's request to access, rectify, erase, restrict, port, or object to the processing of their personal data.

Act on a data-subject request within one month of receiving it, extendable by two months for complex or numerous requests provided you tell the person of the extension and its reasons within the first month; where you decline to act, tell the person why within one month and of their right to complain to the APDPVP or go to court.

+1 more
Gambia Personal Data Protection and Privacy Act, 2025, rights of the data subject from a date not yet set

Store personal data without processing it further while its accuracy is contested or another ground for restriction applies.

Cease processing personal data for direct marketing immediately upon request, and weigh any other objection made on grounds relating to the data subject's particular circumstances.

Georgia Law on Personal Data Protection, data subject rights

An app holding the personal data of a person in Georgia must give that person a way to withdraw consent and to appeal, and must act on a request to exercise their Chapter III rights on demand.

Germany GDPR Articles 12-21 and BDSG Sections 34 and 35, Data Subject Rights in Germany

Honor a person's request to access, rectify, erase, restrict, port, or object to processing of their personal data in Germany within one month of receipt.

Where non-automated storage makes erasing a person's data in Germany impossible or disproportionately costly and their interest in erasure is minor, restrict processing of the data instead of erasing it, unless the data were processed unlawfully, under BDSG Section 35(1).

Ghana Data Protection Act, 2012, automated decision-taking

Give a data subject the right to demand that a decision significantly affecting them is not based solely on automated processing of their personal data, and notify them as soon as reasonably practicable when such a decision is taken without a prior notice.

Where a data subject, within twenty-one days after you notify them of a solely automated decision, requires you in writing to reconsider it, reconsider the decision and, within twenty-one days after receiving their notice, tell them in writing what steps you intend to take to comply.

Ghana Data Protection Act, rights of data subjects

Cease or refrain from processing personal data within twenty one days of a data subject's written notice that the processing causes or is likely to cause them unwarranted damage or distress, or give them your reasons for not complying.

Answer a data subject's request to confirm whether you hold personal data about them, describe it, and correct it, promptly and in any event within forty days of receiving the request.

+1 more
Greece GDPR Articles 12-21 and Law 4624/2019 Article 27, Data Subject Rights and Employment in Greece

Honor a person's request to access, rectify, erase, restrict, port, or object to processing of their personal data in Greece within one month of receipt.

Grenada Data Protection Act, No. 1 of 2023, rights of data subjects from a date not yet set

Confirm within thirty days of a written access request, accompanied by the prescribed processing fee, whether access will be given, and if so give access within sixty days, subject to an extension of up to thirty more days in narrow circumstances.

State the specific ground for any refusal of access in the written notice, together with the data subject's right to complain to the Commission about the refusal.

Guatemala Constitución Política de la República de Guatemala, Art. 31 (habeas data)

A state entity holding records about a person must, on request, disclose what it holds, the purpose for which it is used, and correct, rectify, or update it on request.

Honduras Constitución de la República de Honduras, garantía de Hábeas Data

Update, rectify or suppress a person's data in your database when they ask, subject to a Habeas Data judicial action.

Hungary Electronic Commerce Act Section 13/A, Personal Data of Recipients of Information Society Services

Let the recipient prohibit that other processing before and during use of the service, and do not link the data to the recipient's identifying data or pass them to a third party without the recipient's consent (Section 13/A, paragraphs 5 and 6).

Hungary GDPR Article 22, Automated Decisions in Hungary

Give a person in Hungary a path to obtain human intervention, express their view, and contest a decision made solely by automated processing that produces a legal or similarly significant effect on them.

Hungary GDPR Articles 12-21 and Infotv. Sections 23 and 25, Data Subject Rights in Hungary

Honor a person's request to access, rectify, erase, restrict, port, or object to processing of their personal data in Hungary within one month of receipt.

For five years after a person in Hungary dies, honor a request to access, rectify, erase, restrict or object to processing of their personal data from someone the deceased authorised, or, failing that, from a close relative, under Information Act (Infotv.) Section 25.

Iceland Act No. 90/2018, Data Subject Rights in Iceland

Honor a person's request to access, rectify, erase, restrict, port, or object to processing of their personal data in Iceland within one month of receipt, under Act No. 90/2018.

India Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, data subject rights from , in 6 months

An app must give a data principal a way to exercise their rights to access, correct, complete, update, or erase their personal data, including a stored voiceprint or faceprint, and to nominate another person to exercise these rights, directly against it, with escalation to the Data Protection Board available only after the app's own grievance process is exhausted.

Indiana Indiana Consumer Data Protection Act, consumer rights

Give an Indiana consumer a means to confirm whether you process their personal data, access it, correct it, delete it, and receive a portable copy.

Offer an Indiana consumer an opt-out of targeted advertising, the sale of personal data, and profiling that produces a legal or similarly significant effect.

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Iowa Iowa Consumer Data Protection Act, consumer rights

Give an Iowa consumer a means to confirm whether you process their personal data, access it, delete it, and receive a portable copy. ICDPA does not require you to offer a correction mechanism.

Offer an Iowa consumer an opt-out of the sale of personal data. If you sell personal data to third parties or engage in targeted advertising, disclose that clearly and conspicuously together with the manner in which a consumer may opt out of it. ICDPA gives no right to opt out of profiling.

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Ireland GDPR Article 22 and Data Protection Act 2018 Section 57, Automated Decision-Making in Ireland

Where an Irish enactment authorises or requires a solely automated decision about a person and the decision does not simply grant what they asked for, let them make representations, request human intervention and appeal the decision, and tell them in writing the steps you took and, on appeal, the outcome, under Data Protection Act 2018 section 57.

Ireland GDPR Articles 12-21 and Data Protection Act 2018 Sections 60-61, Data Subject Rights in Ireland

Honor a person's request to access, rectify, erase, restrict, port, or object to processing of their personal data in Ireland within one month of receipt.

Israel Protection of Privacy Law, data subject rights

An app holding the personal data of a person in Israel in a database must give that person a way to access their own data, and must act on a request to rectify or delete it, notifying any prior recipient of the correction or deletion.

Italy GDPR Article 22 and the Garante's OpenAI/ChatGPT Enforcement

Give a person in Italy a path to obtain human intervention, express their view, and contest a decision made solely by automated processing that produces a legal or similarly significant effect on them.

Italy GDPR Articles 12-21 and Codice Articles 2-undecies and 2-terdecies, Data Subject Rights in Italy

Honor a person's request to access, rectify, erase, restrict, port, or object to processing of their personal data in Italy within one month of receipt.

Honor a request about a deceased person's personal data in Italy from someone with their own interest, an agent protecting the deceased, or someone with a family reason worth protecting, unless the law excludes it or, for information society services offered directly to the person, the deceased expressly forbade it by written declaration, under Codice Article 2-terdecies.

Jamaica Data Protection Act, 2020, automated decision-taking

Stop basing a decision that significantly affects a person solely on the automatic processing of their personal data used to evaluate matters such as performance at work, creditworthiness, reliability or conduct, once that person gives you written notice.

Inform a person as soon as is reasonably practicable where you took such a decision without having received that notice, and give them a written statement within 30 days of the steps you will take where they require you to reconsider it.

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Jamaica Data Protection Act, 2020, rights of data subjects

Give the data subject, on payment of the prescribed fee, their personal data in an intelligible form together with any information you hold as to its source, or, where technically feasible, transmit it to another data controller in a structured, commonly used and machine-readable format.

Identify in writing, within 30 days of the request, the provision you rely on where you refuse to disclose personal data to the data subject.

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Jordan Personal Data Protection Law, data subject rights

An app must let an individual in Jordan object to processing or profiling of their data that is unnecessary, excessive, discriminatory, or unlawful for its stated purpose, must let them obtain erasure or concealment of their data and a portable copy transferable to another controller, and must notify them of any data breach affecting the security or integrity of their data.

Kentucky Kentucky Consumer Data Protection Act, consumer rights

Give a Kentucky consumer a means to confirm whether you process their personal data, access it, correct it, delete it, and receive a portable copy.

Offer a Kentucky consumer an opt-out of targeted advertising, the sale of personal data, and significant-effect profiling.

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Kenya Data Protection Act, 2019, automated individual decision making

Notify a data subject in writing when a decision about them is based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces a legal or similarly significant effect, and allow them to request reconsideration or a new decision that is not based solely on automated processing.

Kenya Data Protection Act, 2019, rights of data subjects

Respond to a data subject's request to access, correct or delete their personal data, and to a data portability request within thirty days.

Kiribati Data Protection Act 2025, rights of a data subject

Give a data subject, at no expense and without unreasonable delay, confirmation of whether their personal data is being processed and its source, a copy of it in a commonly used electronic format, correction of data that is inaccurate, out of date, incomplete or misleading, and deletion of data the controller is not entitled to retain.

Kosovo Law No. 06/L-082 on Protection of Personal Data, rights of the data subject

Answer an access, rectification, erasure, restriction, portability or objection request within one month of receipt, extendable by two further months for complex or numerous requests, and tell the data subject about any extension within the first month.

Restrict processing on request while accuracy is contested, in place of erasure where the data subject prefers restriction, where you no longer need the data but the data subject does for legal claims, or while an objection is being verified, and tell the data subject before lifting the restriction.

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Latvia GDPR Articles 12-21, Data Subject Rights as Applied in Latvia

Honor a person's request to access, rectify, erase, restrict, port, or object to processing of their personal data in Latvia within one month of receipt.

Lebanon Law No. 81/2018, Part V, notice, objection, access and correction

Let a person object, for legitimate reasons, to the collection and processing of their personal data, including processing for commercial promotion, unless the law obliges you to collect it or they have already agreed to the processing.

Let a person review and object, before the person responsible for processing, to the information and analyses used in the automated processing relating to them that is invoked against them.

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Lesotho Data Protection Act, 2011, rights of data subjects

Give a data subject written reasons where you deny an access request, and let them challenge those reasons.

Correct, destroy, or delete personal information on a data subject's request within 14 days where it is inaccurate, irrelevant, excessive, out of date, incomplete, misleading, or unlawfully obtained, and tell anyone the changed information was disclosed to within 7 working days of the correction where it affects a decision about the data subject.

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Libya Law No. 6 of 2022, notice, access and objection rights over personal data

Let a person access and update the personal data collected about them, through appropriate technological means.

Do not send a person electronic documents once they have explicitly refused to accept them, and stop processing their personal data once they have explicitly refused it.

Liechtenstein GDPR Articles 12-21 and DSG Articles 27 and 35, Data Subject Rights in Liechtenstein

Honor a person's request to access, rectify, erase, restrict, port, or object to processing of their personal data in Liechtenstein within one month of receipt.

Where erasing a person's data in Liechtenstein is impossible or disproportionately costly because of how it is processed or stored, and their interest in erasure is low, restrict its processing instead of erasing it, unless the data were processed unlawfully, under DSG Article 35(1).

Lithuania GDPR Articles 12-21, Data Subject Rights as Applied in Lithuania

Honor a person's request to access, rectify, erase, restrict, port, or object to processing of their personal data in Lithuania within one month of receipt.

Louisiana Louisiana Data Privacy Act (Act No. 502), consumer rights from , in 7 weeks

Give a Louisiana consumer a means to confirm whether you process their personal data, access it, correct it, delete it, and receive a portable copy, once the LDPA takes effect .

Offer a Louisiana consumer an opt-out of targeted advertising, the sale of personal data, and profiling that produces a legal or similarly significant effect.

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Luxembourg GDPR Articles 12-21 and Loi du 1er août 2018 Article 63, Data Subject Rights in Luxembourg

Honor a person's request to access, rectify, erase, restrict, port, or object to processing of their personal data in Luxembourg within one month of receipt.

Madagascar Law No. 2014-038, rights of data subjects

Honour a data subject's request, made on a legitimate ground and free of charge, to object to processing of their data, and stop processing for prospecting purposes as soon as they object to it, without requiring a reason.

Rectify, complete, update, block, or erase inaccurate, incomplete, outdated, or unlawfully held data on request, free of charge, and tell any third party the data were disclosed to of the change.

Malawi Electronic Transactions and Cyber Security Act, 2016, rights of a data subject and information notice (Part VII)

Honor a data subject's objection, made at any time on legitimate grounds relating to their situation, to the processing of their data, and stop processing that data once the objection is justified.

Give a data subject, on request, the rectification, erasure or blocking of data whose processing does not comply with the Act, in particular because it is incomplete or inaccurate.

Maldives Maldives Personal Data Protection Bill, rights of data subjects proposed

A Controller must tell a data subject about the processing of their personal data and answer a request to access it, correct it, erase it, restrict its processing, receive it in a portable form, or object to the processing.

Mali Loi n° 2013-015, rights of data subjects

Rectify, complete, update, block, or delete inaccurate, incomplete, ambiguous, outdated, or unlawfully processed personal data on a person's written request, justify within thirty days that you have done so, and notify any third party the data were transmitted to of the correction.

Where a processing concerns State security, national defence, or public security, route an access or rectification request to the Autorité de Protection des Données à Caractère Personnel instead of answering it yourself.

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Malta GDPR Articles 12-21 and Cap. 586, Data Subject Rights in Malta

Honor a person's request to access, rectify, erase, restrict, port, or object to processing of their personal data in Malta within one month of receipt.

Maryland Maryland Online Data Privacy Act (MODPA), consumer rights and appeal

Give a Maryland consumer a means to confirm whether you process their personal data, access it, correct it, delete it, receive a portable copy, and obtain a list of third-party categories it was disclosed to.

Offer a Maryland consumer an opt-out of targeted advertising, sale of personal data, and profiling in furtherance of solely automated decisions with legal or similarly significant effects.

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Mauritania Loi n° 2017-020, droits de la personne concernée

Do not process a person's personal data once they have validly objected, including where the processing serves commercial prospecting.

Tell the person, at the time of collection, who is responsible for the processing, its purpose, the categories of data, whether a reply is mandatory or optional, and any recipients, and let them access, object to, correct, or delete their data on request.

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Mauritius Data Protection Act 2017, rights of data subjects

Respond to a data subject's request for access, rectification, erasure or restriction of processing, or an objection to processing.

Mexico Ley Federal de Protección de Datos Personales en Posesión de los Particulares, ARCO rights

Let a data subject or their legal representative exercise the ARCO rights (access, rectification, cancellation, and objection) at any time, without requiring one as a precondition of another, and safeguard their personal data so these rights can be exercised without delay.

Communicate your determination on an ARCO request within twenty days of receiving it, give effect to a favourable determination within fifteen days of communicating it, and put any denial in writing with the reasons.

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Mexico Ley Federal de Protección de Datos Personales en Posesión de los Particulares, automated decisions

Honor a data subject's right to object to a fully automated decision that produces undesired legal effects or significantly affects their interests, rights, or freedoms, where that decision evaluates, without human intervention, their professional performance, economic situation, health, sexual preferences, reliability, or behaviour.

Minnesota Minnesota Consumer Data Privacy Act, consumer rights and profiling

Give a Minnesota consumer a means to confirm processing, access, correct, delete, and port their personal data.

Offer a Minnesota consumer the right to opt out of automated profiling in furtherance of decisions with legal or similarly significant effects, question the result, receive an explanation, and have the decision reevaluated if based on inaccurate data.

Moldova Moldova Law No. 195/2024, rights of the data subject

Answer a request for access, rectification, erasure, restriction or portability, and notify every recipient the data was disclosed to of a rectification, erasure or restriction you carry out.

Stop processing personal data for direct marketing as soon as the data subject objects, including the profiling related to it.

Monaco Loi sur la Protection des Données Personnelles, droits de la personne concernée

Act on a data subject's rights request concisely, understandably, and in an easily accessible form, in clear and plain language, with particular care where the information is meant for a minor, and answer within one month of receipt, extendable by two months for a complex or repeated request.

Restrict processing on request in the listed cases, keep the data stored but otherwise untouched without the person's consent while the restriction lasts, and tell the person before you lift it.

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Mongolia Law on Protection of Personal Data, data subject rights

An app must let a Mongolian data subject know whether their data is collected or processed, correct errors, request deletion, obtain and transfer a copy of their own data to a controller of their choosing, and complain about, add information to, or demand reprocessing of a decision that results from processing their data.

Montana Montana Consumer Data Privacy Act, consumer rights

Give a Montana consumer a means to confirm whether you process their personal data, access it, correct it, delete it, and receive a portable copy.

Respond to a consumer rights request without undue delay and within 45 days of receipt, with one 45-day extension available, and decide an appeal of a refusal within 60 days.

Montenegro Law on Personal Data Protection, rights of the data subject

Answer a person's written request within 15 days, telling them whether personal data concerning them is processed and, if it is, the controller's identity, the content of the data, the purpose and legal basis, the source and the third party or user, under Article 43.

Expect the rights in Articles 43 and 44 to be restricted only for defence, national or public security, the prevention, detection and prosecution of criminal offences, protection of economic or financial interests, or protection of the person or the rights and freedoms of others, to the extent necessary and in accordance with a special law, under Article 45, and bear the cost of an Article 43 or 44 proceeding yourself, under Article 46.

Morocco Law No. 09-08, rights of the data subject

On a data subject's request, update, rectify, erase, or block personal data whose processing does not comply with the law, free of charge, within ten clear days, and notify anyone the data was disclosed to of the correction.

Honor a data subject's objection to processing on legitimate grounds, and their objection, free of charge, to having their data used for marketing by you or by any later processor.

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Mozambique Electronic Transactions Law, data subject rights and information notice

Where a data subject objects to data concerning them and the objection is accepted, remove, rectify, complete, or alter it.

Nebraska Nebraska Data Privacy Act, consumer rights

Give a Nebraska consumer a means to confirm whether you process their personal data, access it, correct it, delete it, and receive a portable copy.

Respond to a consumer rights request without undue delay and within 45 days of receipt, with one 45-day extension available.

Netherlands GDPR Article 22 and UAVG Article 40, Automated Decisions in the Netherlands

Give a person in the Netherlands a path to obtain human intervention, express their view, and contest a decision made solely by automated processing that produces a legal or similarly significant effect on them, subject to UAVG Article 40's exceptions.

Netherlands GDPR Articles 12-21 and UAVG Articles 41 and 43, Data Subject Rights in the Netherlands

Honor a person's request to access, rectify, erase, restrict, port, or object to processing of their personal data in the Netherlands within one month of receipt.

Nevada Consumer Health Data, access, disclosure, and deletion rights

Give a Nevada consumer the right to access their consumer health data, obtain a list of third parties it was disclosed to, stop its collection, sharing, or sale, and delete it.

Respond to a consumer health data rights request within 45 days, with one 45-day extension available, and provide at least two free responses per consumer per year.

New Hampshire New Hampshire Data Privacy Act, consumer rights

Give a New Hampshire consumer a means to confirm whether you process their personal data, access it, correct it, delete it, and receive a portable copy.

Offer a New Hampshire consumer an opt-out of targeted advertising, the sale of personal data, and profiling with legal or similarly significant effects.

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New Jersey New Jersey Data Privacy Act, consumer rights and universal opt-out

Give a New Jersey consumer a means to confirm, access, correct, delete, and port their personal data, and respond within 45 days of receipt (extendable once by 45 days).

Recognize a user-selected universal opt-out mechanism for targeted advertising and sale of personal data. This duty became operative around , separately from NJDPA's general effective date.

Nicaragua Ley No. 787, Ley de Protección de Datos Personales, rights of data subjects

Rectify, modify, suppress, complement, include, update, or cancel a data subject's personal data on request within five business days, notify any assignee of the correction within five business days, block the disputed data while you verify a claimed error, and do this free of charge; you may refuse only where a judicial decision orders you not to modify the data, and you must then tell the data subject of that decision.

Include personal data in a file built for advertising, promotions, offers, or direct sale only with the data subject's consent or from a publicly accessible source, give the data subject free access to it, and let them request removal from it at any time.

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Niger Loi n° 2022-59, droits des personnes concernées

Correct, complete, update, lock or erase inaccurate, incomplete, ambiguous or outdated data within one month of a request from the person or a deceased person's heirs.

Do not use a person's data for direct marketing without their prior consent, and stop processing their data for direct marketing, free of charge, as soon as they object, telling them of that right before you first use or disclose their data for that purpose.

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Norway Personal Data Act, Data Subject Rights in Norway

Honor a person's request to access, rectify, erase, restrict, port, or object to processing of their personal data in Norway within one month of receipt.

Oklahoma Oklahoma Consumer Data Privacy Act, consumer rights from , in 7 weeks

Give an Oklahoma consumer a means to confirm whether you process their personal data, access it, correct it, delete it, and receive a portable copy in a digital format.

Offer an Oklahoma consumer an opt-out of targeted advertising, the sale of personal data, and profiling that produces a legal or similarly significant effect.

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Oman Personal Data Protection Law, data subject rights

An app must let an individual in Oman revoke their consent, request amendment or blocking of their data, obtain a copy of it, transfer it to another controller, request its erasure (unless national archiving requires otherwise), and must notify them of any breach or infringement of their personal data and the actions taken in response; these rights apply to a voiceprint, faceprint, or other biometric identifier like any other personal data.

Ontario Personal Health Information Protection Act, 2004, access to and correction of records of personal health information

Respond as soon as possible and no later than 30 days after receiving the request. You may extend by not more than 30 days if meeting the limit would unreasonably interfere with your operations or the consultations needed make it impractical, and you must give the individual written notice of the extension and the reason.

If you refuse a request in whole or in part, give written notice. Unless the refusal rests on legal proceedings, an inspection or investigation, or a risk of harm, the notice must give the reason and state that the individual may complain to the Commissioner.

Oregon Oregon Consumer Privacy Act, consumer rights

Give an Oregon consumer a means to confirm whether you process their personal data, disclose the categories processed, provide a portable copy, correct it, and delete it.

Offer an Oregon consumer an opt-out of targeted advertising, sale, and profiling for decisions with legal or similarly significant effects.

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Panama Ley 81 de 2019, rights of data subjects

Correct, cancel, or stop processing a data subject's personal data on request when it is incorrect, irrelevant, incomplete, outdated, inaccurate or false, and let them revoke consent.

Answer an access request within ten business days free of charge, and complete a correction, blocking, or deletion within five business days of the request.

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Paraguay Ley N° 7593/2025, automated or semi-automated individual decisions from , in 12 months

Let a data subject ask for review of a decision based on automated processing of their personal data that adversely affects their interests or produces legal effects, express their point of view and contest it, and on request give them clear, complete information about the criteria and procedures the decision used.

Paraguay Ley N° 7593/2025, derechos del titular de datos from , in 12 months

Honor a data subject's rights of access, rectification, deletion, objection and portability, free of charge.

Answer a request under articles 28 to 32 on the terms article 26 sets for the exercise of those rights.

Peru Ley 29733, rights of the data subject

Correct, update, include, or delete a person's personal data on request when it is inaccurate, incomplete, or has outlived the purpose or period for which it was collected, tell anyone you previously transferred it to about the change, and block the data from third-party access while the request is pending.

Stop supplying a person's personal data to others on their request to prevent supply, especially where the supply would affect a fundamental right.

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Philippines Data Privacy Act of 2012, data subject rights

An app holding the personal information of an individual in the Philippines must give that individual a way to be informed, object, access, correct, and erase their data, and must provide a copy of their data in a structured, commonly used, machine-readable format on request.

Poland GDPR Article 22, Automated Decisions in Poland

Give a person in Poland a path to obtain human intervention, express their view, and contest a decision made solely by automated processing that produces a legal or similarly significant effect on them.

Portugal GDPR Articles 12-21 and Lei n.o 58/2019, Data Subject Rights in Portugal

Honor a person's request to access, rectify, erase, restrict, port, or object to processing of their personal data in Portugal within one month of receipt.

Québec Automated decision-making notice and review right

On the person's request, disclose the personal information used to reach the decision, the reasons and the principal factors and parameters that led to it, and their right to have that personal information corrected.

Give the person an opportunity to submit observations to a staff member who is in a position to review the automated decision.

Republic of the Congo Law No. 29-2019, rights of the data subject

Let a data subject object to processing of their personal data on legitimate grounds, and tell them, before their data is first communicated to or used by a third party for prospecting, of their free right to object to it.

Answer a request for rectification, completion, updating, blocking or erasure of inaccurate, incomplete, ambiguous, outdated or unlawfully processed personal data within one month of registering it, free of charge.

Rhode Island Rhode Island Data Transparency and Privacy Protection Act, customer rights

Give a Rhode Island customer a means to confirm whether you process their personal data, access it, correct it, delete it, and receive a portable copy.

Offer a Rhode Island customer an opt-out of targeted advertising, the sale of personal data, and significant-effect profiling.

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Romania GDPR Article 22, Automated Decisions in Romania

Give a person in Romania a path to obtain human intervention, express their view, and contest a decision made solely by automated processing that produces a legal or similarly significant effect on them.

Romania GDPR Articles 12-21 and Legea nr. 190/2018 Article 8, Data Subject Rights in Romania

Honor a person's request to access, rectify, erase, restrict, port, or object to processing of their personal data in Romania within one month of receipt.

Russia Federal Law No. 152-FZ, Article 16, Decisions Based Solely on Automated Processing

Explain to the data subject how such a decision is made and its possible legal consequences, let them object and explain how they can protect their rights, and consider an objection within thirty days and tell them the result.

Russia Federal Law No. 152-FZ, Articles 14 and 17, Data Subject Rights

Honor a Russian data subject's request for confirmation of processing, correction, deletion, or consent withdrawal, under Federal Law No. 152-FZ.

Rwanda Law relating to the Protection of Personal Data and Privacy, rights of the data subject

Within thirty days of a request to object, port, erase or rectify personal data, tell the data subject in writing or electronically whether you complied and, if not, why, and expect the supervisory authority to answer an appeal against your response within sixty days.

Stop processing a data subject's personal data on their objection, including for direct marketing or related profiling, unless you can demonstrate compelling legitimate grounds that override their interests, rights and freedoms.

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Saint Kitts and Nevis Data Protection Act, 2018, rights of data subjects from a date not yet set

Give written notice of your access decision within thirty days of a data subject's request, or notify an extension of up to thirty days in the circumstances the Act lists, and tell the data subject of their right to complain to the Information Commissioner.

Refuse an access request only where you lack information to identify the requester or locate the data, compliance would breach an exemption or a duty of confidentiality, another identifiable individual has not consented to disclosure, or the Information Commissioner has not approved the refusal in writing.

Saint Lucia Data Protection Act, rights of data subjects and others from a date not yet set

Once Part 5 is in force, correct inaccurate personal data on request and stop processing a person's personal data for direct marketing on their objection.

Samoa National Digital Identification Act 2024, registered persons' data-subject rights

On a registered person's request, correct or, where correction is not feasible, delete personal data that is inaccurate, out of date, incomplete, or misleading, or that the National Digital Identification System or relying party is not entitled to retain.

Implement measures that let a registered person effectively exercise these access, correction, and information rights, and provide a way to lodge a grievance over improper use of their data.

San Marino San Marino Law No. 171, rights of the data subject

Answer a request for access, rectification, erasure, restriction or portability, and notify every recipient the data was disclosed to of a rectification, erasure or restriction you carry out.

Stop processing personal data for direct marketing as soon as the data subject objects, including the profiling related to it.

Sao Tome and Principe Lei n.º 03/2016, rights of the data holder

Answer a data holder's request, free of charge, at reasonable intervals and without undue delay, with confirmation of whether you are processing their data, the purposes, the categories of data and recipients, the data itself in an intelligible form, its origin, and the reasoning behind any automated processing decision about them, and correct, erase or block data that does not comply with this Law.

Let a data holder object, for weighed and legitimate reasons relating to their particular situation, to your continued processing of their data, and stop processing their data for direct marketing or another commercial solicitation, free of charge, as soon as they object or before you first communicate their data to a third party for that purpose.

Senegal Loi n° 2008-12 du 25 janvier 2008 sur la Protection des Données à Caractère Personnel, droits de la personne concernée

Tell the person, at the time of collection, who is responsible for the processing, its purpose, the categories of data, whether a reply is mandatory or optional, and any recipients, and let them access, object to, correct, or delete their data on request.

Let a person object, free of charge and for legitimate reasons, to processing of their data, and correct, complete, update, block, or delete it within one month of a written request where it is inaccurate, incomplete, ambiguous, outdated, or unlawfully processed, notifying any third party the data was disclosed to.

Serbia Law on Personal Data Protection, rights of the data subject

Restrict processing on request while accuracy is disputed, the processing is unlawful but the person opposes erasure, you no longer need the data but the person needs it for a legal claim, or an objection is pending.

Stop processing a person's data for direct marketing, including related profiling, the moment they object, and tell them about this right clearly and separately no later than your first contact with them.

Seychelles Data Protection Act, 2023, rights of data subjects

Give a data subject access to, and the ability to correct or delete, their personal data on request.

Singapore Personal Data Protection Act, data subject rights

An app holding the personal data of an individual in Singapore must give that individual a way to access and correct their personal data on request.

Slovakia GDPR Article 22, Automated Decisions in Slovakia

Give a person in Slovakia a path to obtain human intervention, express their view, and contest a decision made solely by automated processing that produces a legal or similarly significant effect on them.

Slovakia GDPR Articles 12-21, Data Subject Rights in Slovakia

Honor a person's request to access, rectify, erase, restrict, port, or object to processing of their personal data in Slovakia within one month of receipt.

Slovenia GDPR Article 22, Automated Decisions in Slovenia

Give a person in Slovenia a path to obtain human intervention, express their view, and contest a decision made solely by automated processing that produces a legal or similarly significant effect on them.

Slovenia GDPR Articles 12-21 and ZVOP-2 Articles 11 and 69, Data Subject Rights in Slovenia

Honor a person's request to access, rectify, erase, restrict, port, or object to processing of their personal data in Slovenia within one month of receipt.

When you process personal data in Slovenia for scientific, historical or statistical research, honor access and objection requests, and rectification, erasure, restriction or portability requests where exercising them would not jeopardise the research, under ZVOP-2 Article 69(8).

Somalia Data Protection Act, 2023, information to the data subject and rights of the data subject

On request, confirm whether you process a person's personal data and where it came from, give them a copy in a commonly used electronic format, and correct or delete data that is inaccurate, out of date, incomplete or misleading, at no expense and without unreasonable delay.

Stop processing personal data a data subject validly objects to, unless a public interest or other legitimate ground outweighs the unwarranted damage or distress.

South Africa Protection of Personal Information Act, rights of data subjects

Correct or delete personal information a data subject shows is inaccurate, irrelevant, out of date, incomplete, misleading or unlawfully obtained, and tell the data subject what action you took.

Do not process personal information for direct marketing by electronic communication unless the data subject has consented, or is an existing customer given a free and simple chance to opt out at collection and on every marketing contact afterward.

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South Carolina South Carolina Age-Appropriate Design Code, general applicability and minor-protective design duties

Apply default privacy settings and limit profiling, targeted advertising, and precise-geolocation collection for a known minor user, and provide parental controls.

South Korea Personal Information Protection Act, data subject rights

An app must let a Korean data subject confirm whether their personal information is being processed, and give them a way to access, correct, or delete it, or to demand that its processing be suspended.

South Korea Personal Information Protection Act, rights regarding automated decisions

An app that makes a decision about a Korean data subject using a fully automated system, including one applying artificial intelligence, that significantly affects the subject's rights or obligations, must let the subject object to or request an explanation of the decision, must not apply the decision over an objection absent a compelling reason or must reprocess it with human involvement, and must disclose the criteria and procedures it uses for automated decisions.

Spain GDPR Article 22 and LOPDGDD Article 11(2), Automated Decisions in Spain

Give a person in Spain a path to obtain human intervention, express their view, and contest a decision made solely by automated processing that produces a legal or similarly significant effect on them.

Spain LOPDGDD Título III and Título X, Data-Subject and Digital Rights

Give a person in Spain a path to exercise access, rectification, erasure, restriction, portability, and objection rights under LOPDGDD Articles 11-18.

Sri Lanka Personal Data Protection Act, data subject rights from a date not yet set

An app must give a data subject in Sri Lanka a way to access, withdraw consent for, rectify, or erase their personal data, including a stored voiceprint or faceprint, and must respond to a written request within one month, extendable by up to two further months with notice; a refusal is appealable to the Data Protection Authority.

Suriname Draft Law on the Protection of Privacy and Personal Data, rights of the data subject proposed

Let a data subject obtain confirmation that you are processing their personal data, and on request give them the reasons underlying a decision produced by processing their data.

Let a data subject object at any time to processing on grounds relating to their situation, and stop processing their personal data for direct marketing and any related profiling outright as soon as they object to it.

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Sweden GDPR Article 22, Automated Decisions in Sweden

Give a person in Sweden a path to obtain human intervention, express their view, and contest a decision made solely by automated processing that produces a legal or similarly significant effect on them.

Sweden GDPR Articles 12-21 and Dataskyddslagen Chapter 5, Data Subject Rights in Sweden

Honor a person's request to access, rectify, erase, restrict, port, or object to processing of their personal data in Sweden within one month of receipt.

Switzerland FADP Articles 25-32, Data Subject Rights in Switzerland

Honor a Swiss data subject's request for access, rectification, deletion or destruction, or objection to processing, and provide portability for data they gave you and that you process by automated means, under FADP Articles 25 to 32.

Syria Law No. 12 of 2024 on Protection of Electronic Personal Data, rights of data subjects and electronic marketing

Tell a data subject, on request, the nature, purpose and method of processing their personal data and the retention period or how it is set, and let them access their own data, withdraw a prior consent without retroactive effect, correct, delete, add to or update it, confine your processing to a defined purpose, and object to processing that violates their constitutional rights.

Answer any other request from a data subject to exercise a right under this law within seven working days of its submission.

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Tanzania Personal Data Protection Act, 2022, automated decision making

When a data subject requires it, ensure that a decision significantly affecting them is not based solely on automatic processing; where such a decision is made, notify them as soon as practicable and reconsider it if they ask, unless the decision is necessary for a contract with them, authorised by written law, or based on their explicit consent.

Tanzania Personal Data Protection Act, 2022, rights of data subjects

On a data subject's request, tell them whether you are processing their personal data, and describe the data, the purposes of the processing and the recipients it is or may be disclosed to.

Suspend or do not begin processing a data subject's personal data when they require it because the processing is likely to cause substantial damage to them or to another person, unless an exception in the Act applies.

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Tennessee Tennessee Information Protection Act, consumer rights

Give a Tennessee consumer a means to confirm, access, correct, delete, and port their personal information, and offer an opt-out of targeted advertising, sale, and certain profiling.

Respond to a consumer rights request within 45 days of receipt (extendable once by 45 days) and to an appeal of a denial within 60 days of receipt.

Texas Texas Data Privacy and Security Act, consumer rights and assessments

Give a Texas consumer a means to confirm whether you process their personal data, access it, correct it, delete it, and receive a portable copy.

Offer a Texas consumer an opt-out of targeted advertising, the sale of personal data, and profiling that produces a legal or similarly significant effect.

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Togo Loi n° 2019-014, droits de la personne concernée

Let a data subject object, on legitimate grounds, to the processing of their personal data, and tell them before their data is first disclosed to or used by a third party for prospecting, offering a free right to object to it, unless the processing meets a legal obligation.

Correct, complete, update, lock or delete personal data on a data subject's written request within one month and at no cost, when it is inaccurate, incomplete, ambiguous, outdated or unlawfully held, and notify any third party the data was disclosed to.

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Tonga Privacy Act 2025, notification to data subjects and rights of data subjects from a date not yet set

On request, confirm whether you process a data subject's personal information and where it came from, give them a copy in a commonly used electronic format, and correct or delete information that is inaccurate, out of date, incomplete or misleading, without constraint or unreasonable delay and at no expense.

Act on a written request to stop processing personal information for direct marketing as soon as reasonably practicable, and in any event within 30 days of receiving it.

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Trinidad and Tobago Data Protection Act, 2011, rights of access and correction from a date not yet set

Once Part IV is in force, respond to an individual's access request against your organisation the same way a public body must under Part III, and follow whatever access, correction, and complaint procedure your mandatory code of conduct states.

Tunisia Organic Act on the Protection of Personal Data, rights of the data subject

Let the person consult, correct, complete, rectify, update, clarify or erase their own personal data, and give them a copy in clear language and, where it was processed automatically, an intelligible form, free of charge, within one month of their request.

Offer an electronic channel for a rectification, modification, correction or erasure request where you process personal data by automated means.

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Turkey Personal Data Protection Law (KVKK), data subject rights

An app must give a person in Turkey a way to learn whether their personal data is processed, access information about that processing, and request correction or erasure.

Turkey Personal Data Protection Law (KVKK), objection to a result of solely automated analysis

An app must let a person in Turkey object to a result against them that arises from analysis of their data solely through automated systems.

Uganda Data Protection and Privacy Act, 2019, rights of data subjects

Correct or delete personal data on a data subject's request where it is inaccurate, irrelevant, excessive, out of date, incomplete, misleading or obtained unlawfully, tell the data subject the outcome, and notify every person the data was previously disclosed to of a correction made.

Stop processing personal data within fourteen days of a data subject's written notice that the processing causes or is likely to cause them unwarranted substantial damage or distress, unless the processing falls under section 7(2), and comply within seven days if the Authority orders you to.

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Ukraine Draft Law No. 8153, data subject rights proposed

Give a data subject in Ukraine the right to erasure of their personal data.

Give a data subject in Ukraine the right to restriction of processing of their personal data.

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United States Children's Online Privacy Protection Rule (COPPA), including 2025 biometric identifier amendments

Give parents a way to review and delete a child's collected personal information.

Uruguay Ley N° 18.331, rights of data subjects

Correct, update, include, or delete a data subject's personal data within five business days of their request when it is erroneous, false, or missing, or explain why it does not, and notify any recipient of the data of the correction within five business days.

On request, remove or block a data subject's data from a marketing, canvassing, or profiling database at any time, and give the data subject access to the data you hold in such a database free of charge.

Utah Motor Vehicle Data Privacy from , in 7 weeks

As a motor vehicle manufacturer selling or leasing vehicles in Utah, once in effect, provide in-vehicle privacy controls letting a consumer view what personal data categories the vehicle collects and shares, opt out of sale or targeted-advertising processing, and delete readily accessible data stored locally on the vehicle.

Vanuatu Data Protection and Privacy Act 2024, rights of the data subject

On a data subject's request, correct or erase inaccurate, unlawfully processed or no longer necessary personal data, and restrict processing in the circumstances section 10 lists.

Let a data subject object to the processing of their personal data.

Venezuela Constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela, Arts. 28 and 60 (habeas data and right to privacy)

Update, correct, or delete a person's data on their request to the competent court if it is erroneous or illegitimately affects their rights.

Vermont Vermont Data Privacy and Online Surveillance Act, consumer rights from , in 14 months

Give a Vermont consumer access, correction, deletion, portability, opt-out of targeted advertising and sale, a profiling explanation and reevaluation right for housing decisions, and a list of third parties their data was sold to.

Respond to a consumer rights request without undue delay and not later than 45 days after receipt, with one 45-day extension available.

Virginia Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act, consumer rights

Give a Virginia consumer a means to confirm whether you process their personal data, access it, correct it, delete it, and receive a portable copy.

Offer a Virginia consumer an opt-out of targeted advertising, the sale of personal data, and profiling that produces a legal or similarly significant effect.

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Zambia Data Protection Act, 2021, rights of the data subject

Let a data subject access, correct, delete, or restrict the personal data held about them.

Stop processing personal data for direct marketing as soon as the data subject objects, and bring the rights of objection to their attention clearly and separately at your first communication with them.

Zimbabwe Cyber and Data Protection Act, rights of the data subject

Give a data subject notice of who is responsible for processing and why, and let them access, object to, correct, or have deleted false or misleading personal data about them.

Commercial messages

48 laws, 40 jurisdictions
JurisdictionLawWhat it asks, as read here
Australia Spam Act 2003, Unsolicited Commercial Electronic Messages

Every commercial electronic message with an Australian link that is not a designated commercial electronic message must include a clear and conspicuous statement that the recipient may send an unsubscribe message to an electronic address that is legitimately obtained and reasonably likely to be capable of receiving unsubscribe messages for at least 30 days after the message is sent.

Once the account-holder, or a user of their account, sends you a message withdrawing consent (which includes an unsubscribe message under section 18), stop sending further commercial electronic messages to that address from the end of the fifth business day after it was sent, unless fresh consent is given.

Austria ECG

Observe the list that the RTR-GmbH keeps of persons and companies that have excluded commercial communications by electronic mail.

Austria TKG 2021

You need no prior consent to market your own similar products or services by electronic mail if all four conditions hold: you obtained the contact information in connection with a sale or a service to your customers; the message advertises your own similar products or services; the recipient was clearly and distinctly offered the chance to refuse such use of their electronic contact information, free of charge and without difficulty, when you collected it and again with every transmission; and the recipient has not refused in advance, in particular by entry in the list named in section 7(2) of the E-Commerce-Gesetz.

Provide an authentic address to which the recipient can send a request to stop such messages.

Belgium Code de droit économique, Article XII.13, Advertising by Electronic Mail

You need no prior consent to send advertising by electronic mail to your own customers, natural or legal persons, if you obtained their electronic contact details directly in the sale of a product or service in compliance with privacy requirements, use them for advertising exclusively for analogous products or services that you supply yourself, and gave customers, when the details were collected, the means to object free of charge and in a simple manner to that use (Royal Decree of , Article 1, point 1°).

In every advertisement you send by electronic mail, give clear and comprehensible information on the right to object to receiving advertising in the future, and indicate and make available an appropriate means of exercising that right electronically.

Bulgaria Electronic Commerce Act, Articles 5(3) and 6, Identification of Commercial Messages and Unsolicited Commercial Messages

Do not send unsolicited commercial messages to the electronic addresses entered in the register of legal persons that do not want to receive them (Article 6, paragraph 3).

Bulgaria Electronic Communications Act, Article 261, Consent and Opt-out for Direct Marketing Calls, Messages and Electronic Mail

You may use contact details you obtained from a user in a commercial transaction for products or services to send marketing about your own similar products or services without fresh consent only if every user can object free of charge and in a simple way, when the transaction is concluded and to later messages (Article 261, paragraph 2).

Act on every refusal to receive marketing messages (Article 261, paragraph 4).

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Canada Canada's Anti-Spam Legislation

Every commercial electronic message must identify who sent it (and who it was sent on behalf of, if different), give the recipient information letting them readily contact that person, and include an unsubscribe mechanism using the same electronic means the message was sent by, or another electronic means if that is not practicable; the prescribed content and form of that information is set out in the Electronic Commerce Protection Regulations (CRTC), SOR/2012-36.

Keep the contact information and the unsubscribe address or web page valid for at least 60 days after the message is sent, and give effect to an unsubscribe request without delay and no later than 10 business days after it is sent, with no further action required of the recipient.

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Connecticut Connecticut Action for Unsolicited Commercial Electronic Mail

Before sending, or causing to be sent, unsolicited advertising material by electronic mail to an electronic mail address held by a Connecticut resident, identify in the message a toll-free telephone number or a valid return electronic mail address the recipient can use to unsubscribe, and begin the subject line with the letters ADV.

Once a recipient notifies you that they do not wish to receive further such material, do not send, or cause to be sent, any further unsolicited advertising material to that recipient by electronic mail.

Croatia Electronic Communications Act (Zakon o elektroničkim komunikacijama), Article 50, Paragraphs 1 to 4, Unsolicited Electronic Communications

You need no prior consent to market your own similar products or services by electronic mail to consumers whose addresses you obtained in connection with selling products or services, but you must give them a clear and unambiguous, free and simple chance to object when you collect the addresses and with every electronic message, unless they have already refused (article 50, paragraph 2).

Do not send promotional or sales electronic mail, SMS or MMS messages that misrepresent or conceal the sender's identity or are contrary to the rules on electronic commerce, that lack a valid address or number to which the recipient can send a request to stop further communication free of charge, or that urge recipients to visit websites contrary to the rules on electronic commerce (article 50, paragraph 3).

Cyprus Electronic Communications and Postal Services Regulation Law, Article 106, Unsolicited Calls, Fax and Electronic Mail for Direct Commercial Promotion

You may use customers' electronic mail contact details, obtained in the sale of a product or service in line with Regulation (EU) 2016/679, for direct promotion of your own similar products or services without fresh consent only if the customers have a clear and distinct opportunity to object, free of charge and easily, to that use when the details are collected and with every message where the user did not initially object (Article 106, paragraph 2).

Do not send electronic mail for direct commercial promotion that conceals the identity of the sender or of the person on whose behalf it is sent, that has no valid address to which the recipient can request that the communication stop, or that encourages recipients to visit websites that breach Article 9 of the Law on Certain Aspects of Information Society Services and Electronic Commerce (Article 106, paragraph 4).

Show the other 38 laws
Czech Republic Act No. 480/2004 on Certain Information Society Services, Section 7, Commercial Communications by Electronic Means

Give that customer a clear and distinct, simple and free chance to refuse the use of the contact details, in every single message where the customer did not refuse that use originally.

Do not send electronic mail that spreads a commercial communication if it is not clearly marked as a commercial communication, hides the identity of the sender on whose behalf it is sent, or is sent without a valid address to which the recipient can directly and effectively send a request to stop further commercial messages.

Delaware Delaware Unrequested or Unauthorized Electronic Mail Statute

Include in every item of commercial electronic mail sent to a Delaware receiving address information telling the recipient how to unsubscribe or stop receiving further commercial electronic mail from you, and stop sending it once a recipient asks you to.

Denmark Marketing Practices Act (Markedsføringsloven), Section 10, Paragraphs 1 to 3, Direct Marketing by Electronic Mail, Automatic Calling Systems and Fax

You need no prior consent to market your own similar products by electronic mail to a customer whose electronic address you received in connection with a sale, but you must give the customer a clear and unambiguous, easy and free opportunity to object when you receive the address and in every later contact (section 10, paragraph 2).

In every direct-marketing electronic mail, make the marketing clearly identifiable as such, make the conditions of promotional measures easy to reach and clearly presented, show on whose behalf it is sent without concealing it, do not urge the recipient to visit websites that fail those requirements, and give an address the recipient can use to stop such contact (section 10, paragraph 3).

Estonia Electronic Communications Act (Elektroonilise side seadus), Section 103^1, Use of Electronic Contact Details for Direct Marketing

When you use a legal person's electronic contact details for direct marketing, give a clear and understandable chance to refuse the use free of charge and in a simple way each time, and let the person exercise the right to refuse through the electronic communications network (section 103^1(2)).

You need no prior consent to market your own similar products or services to a buyer whose electronic contact details you obtained in connection with a sale, but you must give the buyer a clear and understandable chance to refuse free of charge and in a simple way when you first collect the details and every time you use them, and let the buyer exercise the right to refuse through the electronic communications network (section 103^1(3)).

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European Union e-Commerce Directive

When you undertake unsolicited commercial communications by electronic mail, consult regularly and respect the opt-out registers in which natural persons not wishing to receive such commercial communications can register themselves (Article 7(2)).

European Union ePrivacy Directive

Where you collected a customer's electronic contact details in the course of selling them a product or service, in accordance with Directive 95/46/EC, you may market your own similar products or services to that customer without fresh consent, provided you offered a free, easy opt-out at the time of collection and offer it again, free of charge, in every message, unless the customer already refused.

Never send a direct-marketing electronic mail (including a text message) that disguises or conceals the sender's identity, that itself contravenes Directive 2000/31/EC Article 6's disclosure rules, or that has no valid address the recipient can use to ask that the messages stop, and never encourage the recipient to visit a website that itself breaches those rules.

European Union Unfair Commercial Practices Directive

It reaches you if you are a trader, meaning a natural or legal person acting for purposes relating to your trade, business, craft or profession, or anyone acting in the name of or on behalf of a trader (Article 2, point (b)), in a commercial practice directed at consumers (Article 3(1)): do not make persistent and unwanted solicitations by telephone, fax, e-mail or other remote media, except in circumstances and to the extent justified under national law to enforce a contractual obligation; the practice is in all circumstances regarded as unfair (Annex I, point 26, and Article 5(5)).

Finland Information Society Code (Laki sähköisen viestinnän palveluista), Sections 200, 202 and 203, Consent, Opt-out and Identification for Direct Marketing

Market to a natural person by other means only if the person has not expressly prohibited it, and make it possible for a natural person to prohibit such marketing easily and free of charge (section 200, paragraph 2).

You may use a customer's contact details for e-mail, text, voice, sound or image messages, obtained in the sale of a product or service, to market your own products and services of the same product group or otherwise corresponding, without prior consent, only if the customer can prohibit that use easily and without separate charge when the details are collected and with every message, and you clearly tell the customer of that possibility (section 200).

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France Code des postes et des communications électroniques Article L. 34-5, Prior Consent to Direct Marketing by Automated Systems, Fax and Email

You may email direct marketing without fresh consent only where the recipient's details were collected from them, in compliance with the Loi Informatique et Libertés, in connection with a sale or a provision of services, the marketing concerns similar products or services supplied by the same person, and the recipient was offered, expressly and unambiguously, a simple way to object free of charge, apart from the cost of sending the refusal, when the details were collected and in each marketing email where they had not refused at the outset.

In every such message, give valid contact details to which the recipient can send a request that the communications stop, free of charge apart from the cost of sending it.

Germany Gesetz gegen den unlauteren Wettbewerb, Commercial Electronic Messages

You may market your own similar goods or services to an existing customer by electronic mail without fresh consent only if you obtained their electronic address in connection with a sale, they have not objected to that use, and you clearly told them, both when collecting the address and at every use, that they may object at any time at no cost beyond the basic transmission tariff.

Every advertising message must carry a valid address the recipient can use to ask that such messages stop, usable at no cost beyond the basic transmission tariff.

Greece Law 3471/2006, Article 11(1), (3), (4) and (7), Unsolicited Communications for Direct Marketing

If you use electronic mail contact details lawfully obtained in a sale of products or services or another transaction to promote your own similar products or services without prior consent, give the recipient a clear and distinct way to object easily and free of charge when you collect the details and in every message.

Do not send electronic mail for direct commercial promotion that omits the clearly stated identity of the sender or of the person for whose benefit it is sent, that has no valid address at which the recipient can ask for the communication to stop, or that encourages recipients to visit websites that breach the Article.

Hungary Act XLVIII of 2008 on the Basic Conditions and Certain Limits of Commercial Advertising, Section 6, Prior Consent to Direct-Approach Advertising

Let the recipient withdraw the consent at any time, free of charge and without restriction or reasons, and stop sending advertising in that way once it is withdrawn. Provide both postal and electronic mail routes for withdrawing consent or prohibiting the sending of advertising (section 6, paragraphs 3 and 6).

In advertising communicated under paragraph 1 or 4, clearly and conspicuously tell the recipient the address and other contact where they can withdraw consent or prohibit sending (section 6, paragraph 7).

Illinois Illinois Electronic Mail Act

Establish a toll-free number or a valid sender-operated return email address the recipient of an unsolicited commercial email can use to ask you to stop, and do not sell or transfer the address of anyone who has made that request.

Ireland Gambling Regulation Act 2024, Advertising by Electronic Communication and on Social Media and Video-Sharing Platforms (Sections 146 and 147) from a date not yet set

Provide, in the service, an easily accessible mechanism that lets the recipient stop receiving advertising from you by that electronic communication, and comply with any applicable regulations made under section 144 of the Act.

Ireland Irish ePrivacy Regulations

Where the recipient is not a natural person (a company or other organisation), you may send automated-calling, fax, or email marketing unless that recipient has told you it does not consent; for automated-calling and fax marketing, you also may not send it if the recipient's number is recorded on the National Directory Database's opt-out list.

You do not need fresh consent to market your own similar products or services to an existing customer if you gave them a free, easy opt-out when you collected their details and offer one again in every later message, and the original sale, or your last email marketing use of those details, was within the last 12 months.

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Italy Codice Privacy (Personal Data Protection Code), Article 130(1), (2) and (4) to (6), Unsolicited Communications

If you use for direct sale of your own products or services the email contact details that a data subject gave you in the context of a sale of a product or service, you may do so without consent only for services similar to those sold and if the data subject, adequately informed, does not refuse that use, initially or on later communications. Tell the data subject at collection, and in every communication sent on that basis, that they can object at any time, easily and free of charge.

Do not send such communications, or any communication for promotional purposes, while disguising or concealing the sender's identity, in breach of Article 8 of Legislative Decree 70/2003, without giving a suitable contact where the data subject can exercise the rights in Articles 15 to 22 of the GDPR, or by urging recipients to visit websites that breach that Article 8.

Italy Decreto legislativo 70/2003 (E-Commerce Decree), Articles 8, 9 and 21, Commercial Communications and Unsolicited Email

Identify an unsolicited commercial email clearly and unequivocally as such from the moment the recipient receives it, and state that the recipient can object to receiving such communications in future.

Latvia Information Society Services Law (Informācijas sabiedrības pakalpojumu likums), Articles 8 and 9, Commercial Notices and Their Sending

You need no consent to use e-mail addresses you obtained from recipients in your commercial transactions for further commercial notices, but only about your similar goods or services, only if the recipient did not object at the outset, and only if every later notice gives a clear free-of-charge chance to refuse further use of the address (article 9, paragraph 2).

Do not send a commercial notice by electronic mail or other communication through publicly available electronic communications services with an invalid e-mail address, or an invalid telephone or fax number to which the recipient could send a request to stop the communication, or while disregarding the recipient's refusal of further notices (article 9, paragraph 4).

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Lithuania Electronic Communications Law, Article 81, Direct Marketing by Electronic Communications Services

Obtain the prior consent of the subscriber or registered user of public electronic communications services before you use electronic communications services, including electronic mail, for direct marketing; where the subscriber or registered user is a legal person, consent is not needed but give it a clear, free and easily exercised possibility to refuse further use for direct marketing.

If you use the electronic mail contact details of a customer who is a natural person, obtained in providing services or selling goods, to market your own similar goods or services without prior consent, give the customer a clear, free and easily exercised possibility to refuse when the details are collected and, unless the customer objected at first, in every message you send.

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Luxembourg Act of 30 May 2005, Article 11(1), (2) and (4) to (6), Unsolicited Communications for Direct Marketing by Electronic Mail

If you obtained your customers' electronic contact details in a sale of a product or service and use them to market your own similar products or services without prior consent, clearly and expressly give the customers the right to object, free of charge and in a simple manner, when you collect the details and in each message, unless they refused such use from the outset.

Do not send electronic messages for direct marketing that disguise, conceal or misrepresent the identity of the sender on whose behalf the communication is made, or that give no valid address to which the recipient can send a request to stop such communications.

Malta Processing of Personal Data (Electronic Communications Sector) Regulations, Regulation 9, Unsolicited Communications for Direct Marketing

You may use electronic mail contact details obtained from customers in relation to the sale of a product or service to market your own similar products or services without fresh consent only if customers are given the opportunity to object, free of charge and in an easy and simple manner, when the details are collected and on the occasion of each message where the customer has not initially refused (regulation 9(2)).

If you use any other means of communication for direct marketing, make sure, at no charge to the subscriber or user, that no such communication is sent once the subscriber or user requests that it cease (regulation 9(3)).

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Michigan Unsolicited Commercial E-mail Protection Act

Once a recipient notifies you that they do not want to receive further unsolicited commercial e-mail, do not send that recipient further unsolicited commercial e-mail, directly or through a third party, and keep policies and records, updated at least every 14 business days, so that the recipient receives none from the date of the notice.

A commercial e-mail you intentionally send unsolicited through an e-mail service provider you knew or should have known is located in Michigan, or to an address you knew or should have known is held by a Michigan resident, must carry "ADV:" as the first four characters of the subject line, your legal name, correct street address, valid domain name and valid return e-mail address, and a toll-free number, return e-mail address or other easy electronic method the recipient can use to opt out, with a notice of it in print as large as most of the message; this labeling, identification and opt-out duty is not framed as a rule against falsity or deception.

Netherlands Telecommunicatiewet (Telecommunications Act), Article 11.7(1), (3) to (5) and (7), Prior Consent for Unsolicited Electronic Messages

You may use electronic contact details obtained from your customers in the context of the sale of a product or service for unsolicited commercial communication about your own similar products or services without fresh consent only if you can show that origin and clearly and explicitly offered the customer, free of charge and in an easy manner, the chance to object to that use when the details were collected and, if they did not object then, in every message you send.

An idealistic or charitable organization may use contact details obtained in connection with a donation to it for unsolicited communication for its own idealistic or charitable purposes without fresh consent only if it can show that origin and offered the same chance to object at collection and in every message.

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Nevada Nevada Unsolicited Commercial Electronic Mail Liability Act

Do not disguise the source of an advertisement, use false or misleading subject-line information, give a false return address or a false address for declining mail, ignore a recipient's request to stop, or obtain a recipient's address by a method they did not authorize.

Oklahoma Unsolicited commercial electronic mail labeling and opt-out

The federal CAN-SPAM Act's preemption clause supersedes a state statute that expressly regulates commercial email except to the extent it prohibits falsity or deception, and the following duty is not framed as such a prohibition: when sending an unsolicited commercial electronic mail message to a recipient with whom you have no consent and no established business relationship, mark the first characters of its subject line "ADV:", or "ADV-ADULT:" for sexually explicit content, and give the recipient a free, working way to opt out of future messages; this does not reach a message you send only to your own members, employees, or contractors.

Oregon Oregon Unsolicited Facsimile Machine Transmissions Statute

Once a person who has received unsolicited and unwanted advertising material for the sale of real estate, goods or services on a facsimile machine gives you written notice to discontinue, do not use a facsimile machine to send that person unsolicited advertising material for the sale of real estate, goods or services for one calendar year from the date of the notice.

Pennsylvania Unsolicited Telecommunication Advertisement Act

Operate a valid return email address or toll-free telephone number that the recipient of an unsolicited commercial email or fax can use to tell you to stop sending them.

Portugal Lei n.º 41/2004, Article 13-A, Unsolicited Communications for Direct Marketing

Obtain the prior express consent of the subscriber who is a natural person, or of the user, before you send unsolicited communications for direct marketing, in particular by automated calling and communication systems that do not depend on human intervention, by fax machine, or by electronic mail including SMS, EMS and MMS; for a subscriber that is a legal person, stop once the subscriber refuses future communications or registers on the list provided for in Article 13-B.

If you obtained your customers' electronic contact details in a sale of a product or service and use them to market your own similar products or services without prior consent, clearly and explicitly give the customers a free and easy chance to refuse, when you collect the details and on the occasion of each message where the customer did not refuse initially.

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Romania Law 506/2004 on the Processing of Personal Data and the Protection of Privacy in Electronic Communications (Legea nr. 506/2004), Article 12, Unsolicited Communications

You need no prior consent to use a client's electronic mail address, which you obtained directly when selling the client a product or service, for commercial communications about your own similar products or services, but you must clearly and expressly offer a simple and free way to object when you obtain the address and with each message, where the client did not object initially (article 12, paragraph 2).

Do not send commercial communications by electronic mail that hide the real identity of the person on whose behalf they are made contrary to article 5 of Law 365/2002, that give no valid address to which the recipient can send a request to stop such communications, or that encourage recipients to visit internet pages contrary to article 5 of Law 365/2002 (article 12, paragraph 3).

Slovakia Electronic Communications Act, Section 116, Paragraphs 3 to 6 and 14 to 16, Consent, Withdrawal and Opt-out for Direct Marketing

Let the subscriber or user withdraw consent or object to calls at any time, confirm the withdrawal or objection provably within 30 days, and keep the confirmation on a durable medium for at least four years (section 116, paragraph 6).

You need no prior consent for e-mail, SMS or MMS marketing of your own similar goods and services where you obtained the contact details in connection with a sale, or for marketing addressed to the published contact details of a subscriber or user who is a sole trader or a legal person. Give the recipient an easy and free possibility to refuse that use of contact details when the details are collected and in every message, and stop using details obtained in a sale one year after the contractual relationship ends (section 116, paragraphs 15 and 16).

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Slovenia Electronic Communications Act (ZEKom-2), Article 226, Unsolicited Communications for Direct Marketing

You need no prior consent to use a buyer's e-mail address, obtained from the buyer of your products or services, for direct marketing of your own similar products or services, but you must clearly and expressly offer a free and simple way to refuse when you obtain the address and with every message, where the buyer did not refuse at the start (article 226, paragraph 2).

Do not send direct-marketing e-mail, contrary to the law on electronic commerce, that hides or disguises the identity of the sender on whose behalf it is sent or has no valid address to which the recipient can send a request to stop such messages, and do not send direct-marketing e-mail that invites recipients to visit websites contrary to that law (article 226, paragraph 5).

Spain Ley 34/2002 de servicios de la sociedad de la información y de comercio electrónico (LSSI), Prior Consent to Commercial E-Mail and Equivalent Messages, and Revocation (Articles 21 and 22(1))

In every case, offer the recipient a simple and free way to object to the processing of their data for promotional purposes, both when you collect the data and in each commercial communication you send (Article 21(2)).

For communications sent by e-mail, include a valid e-mail or other electronic address where the right to object can be exercised; do not send communications that omit it (Article 21(2)).

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Spain Ley Orgánica 3/2018 (LOPDGDD), Advertising Exclusion Systems (Article 23)

Before you carry out direct marketing communications, consult the advertising exclusion systems that may affect your action and exclude from the processing the data of the people who have expressed their opposition or refusal; consulting the systems on the list published by the competent supervisory authority is enough (Article 23(4)).

Sweden Marknadsföringslag (Marketing Act), Sections 19, 20 and 20 a, Consent and Opt-out for Marketing by Electronic Mail, Fax and Automatic Systems

You need no consent for marketing by electronic mail to an address you obtained from the person in connection with a sale of a product to them only if they have not objected to that use, the marketing concerns your own similar products, and you clearly and distinctly give them a free and easy chance to object when you collect the address and in every later marketing message (section 19, second paragraph).

Put in every marketing message sent by electronic mail a valid address to which the recipient can send a request that the marketing stop, also when the recipient is a legal person (section 20).

Texas Regulation of Electronic Mail

For an unsolicited commercial electronic mail message, put "ADV:" first in the subject line, or "ADV: ADULT ADVERTISEMENT" if it contains obscene material or material depicting sexual conduct, and provide a functioning return email address to which the recipient can send a removal request at no cost; remove the address within three days after receiving the request.

Do not sell or otherwise provide to anyone the email address of a person who has asked to be removed, except as other law requires.

United Kingdom PECR, Electronic Mail for Direct Marketing Purposes

You do not need consent if you obtained the recipient's contact details in the course of a sale or sale negotiation with them, you market only your own similar products or services, and you gave the recipient a simple, free means of opting out at the time the details were collected and with every later message.

From , a charity does not need consent to email or text someone to further its own charitable purposes if it obtained their details because they expressed an interest in, or offered or gave support to, those purposes, and gave them a simple, free means of refusing at collection and with every later message.

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United States CAN-SPAM Act

Every commercial email must carry accurate header and routing information, a subject line that is not deceptive about the message's contents, clear and conspicuous identification that the message is an advertisement unless the recipient gave prior affirmative consent, a functioning return address or other opt-out mechanism, and a valid physical postal address of the sender.

Honor an opt-out request within 10 business days, and do not sell, lease, or transfer the recipient's address after receiving the request except to a person retained to help you comply with it.

United States Restrictions on Mobile Service Commercial Messages

Stop sending further messages to that address within 10 days of a request to stop, and provide a cost-free, clearly identified opt-out mechanism in every message.

Telephone contact

37 laws, 29 jurisdictions
JurisdictionLawWhat it asks, as read here
Australia Do Not Call Register Act 2006, Unsolicited Marketing Faxes

Do not send, or cause to be sent, an unsolicited marketing fax to an Australian number registered on the Do Not Call Register unless the relevant account-holder or their nominee consented, or the fax is a designated marketing fax under Schedule 1A.

Australia Do Not Call Register Act 2006, Unsolicited Telemarketing Calls

Do not make, or cause to be made, an unsolicited telemarketing call to an Australian number registered on the Do Not Call Register unless the relevant account-holder or their nominee consented, or the call is a designated telemarketing call under Schedule 1.

Australia Telecommunications (Telemarketing and Research Calls) Industry Standard 2017

Immediately terminate a call, or ensure it is terminated, if the recipient asks for it to end or otherwise indicates they do not want it to continue, or if you learn the recipient is not at the account-holder's usual residential address and is receiving the call at a time that would be a prohibited calling time there, unless the recipient expressly asks for the call to continue.

California Unsolicited and Unwanted Telephone Solicitations Act

Before placing a telephone solicitation (a call seeking to sell, rent, lease, or promote goods, services, credit, investments, or insurance, or to gather marketing information for a future sale) to a California residential or wireless number, check it against the current national Do Not Call Registry and do not call a number on it.

Do not use the Do Not Call list for any purpose other than compliance, deny a subscriber's right to be placed on it, add a subscriber to it without their knowledge or consent, sell or lease it to anyone other than a telephone solicitor, or charge a fee to place a number on it.

Canada Telecommunications Act, Unsolicited Telecommunications and the National Do Not Call List

Do not make, or cause to be made, a telecommunication restricted by a Commission order or requirement made for the purpose of the National Do Not Call List, unless an exemption in section 41.7 applies: an existing business relationship (a purchase or lease within the last 18 months, or an inquiry within the last 6 months, or a subsisting written contract) with no do-not-call request registered against you, a registered charity, a registered political party or its candidates and their campaigns, a survey of the public, or a newspaper-subscription solicitation.

If you rely on one of those exemptions other than the survey exemption, identify at the beginning of the call the purpose of the telecommunication and the person or organization on whose behalf it is made, and maintain your own do-not-call list honouring anyone who has asked not to be contacted on that basis.

Connecticut Connecticut Telemarketing Act (Conn. Gen. Stat. 42-284 to 42-289, as substantially rewritten by Public Act 23-98)

Do not make a telephonic sales call for a marketing or sales solicitation to a consumer's mobile telephone number unless that number does not appear on the state's current quarterly “no sales solicitation calls” listing or you have the consumer's prior express written consent to call it.

Limit a telephonic sales call to between nine a.m. and eight p.m. local time; within ten seconds after the call begins, disclose your identity, the purpose of the call and, if applicable, the entity you represent; ask at the outset whether the consumer wishes to continue, end the call or be removed from your list; and end the call within ten seconds of the consumer indicating a wish to end it.

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Delaware Delaware Telemarketing Fraud Act

Do not wilfully call or contact a customer for a purpose connected with selling or advertising merchandise for 10 years after the customer has directed you, orally or in writing, to cease and desist.

Denmark Marketing Practices Act (Markedsføringsloven), Section 10, Paragraphs 4 to 6, Telephone and Other Distance Direct Marketing, Robinson List

Do not contact a natural person for direct marketing by telephone or another means of distance communication other than electronic mail, an automatic calling system or fax if they have told you not to, if the quarterly Central Person Register (CPR) register shows they have opted out of direct marketing, or if a CPR lookup has shown you that they have (section 10, paragraph 4).

The first time you contact a specific natural person by those means, state clearly and unambiguously their right to opt out of your direct marketing, and always give an easy and free way to opt out of such contact (section 10, paragraph 6).

Florida Florida Telephone Solicitation Act (section 501.059 as rewritten in 2021)

Screen an unsolicited telephonic sales call, text message, or voicemail transmission against the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services' quarterly 'no sales solicitation calls' listing, and do not place such a communication to a number on it.

Do not initiate an outbound telephone call, text message, or voicemail transmission, including one soliciting a charitable contribution, to a person who has previously told you they do not wish to receive it.

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France Code de la consommation Articles L. 223-1, L. 223-2 and L. 221-16 as Rewritten in 2025, Prior Consent to Telephone Canvassing of Consumers

End the call without delay and do not contact the consumer again if the consumer objects to the communication continuing.

Show the other 27 laws
Greece Law 3471/2006, Article 11(1), (2) and (7), Unsolicited Telephone Calls and Automated Calling Systems

Do not make unsolicited calls with human intervention for those purposes to a subscriber who has declared to the provider of the publicly available service that the subscriber does not wish to receive such calls in general.

If you provide a publicly available electronic communications service, enter those subscriber declarations free of charge in a special directory of subscribers that is available to any interested person.

Illinois Illinois Telephone Solicitations Act

If the called person asks to be taken off your contact list, do not call that person again and remove their name and number from your contact records; complying with the Federal Trade Commission's Telemarketing Sales Rule do-not-call provision satisfies this duty.

Ireland Irish ePrivacy Regulations

Before making a live telephone call for direct marketing, check that the called line has not told you not to call and is not recorded on the National Directory Database's opt-out list; if neither applies and the number is not a mobile, you do not need the recipient's prior consent for that call alone.

Let a subscriber or user register an objection, or a request to be added to the National Directory Database, free of charge.

Italy Registro pubblico delle opposizioni (Public Register of Oppositions), Codice Privacy Article 130(3) to (3-quater) and Presidential Decree 26/2022

Consult the public register of oppositions monthly, and in any case before each promotional campaign, and update your lists. A consultation is effective for fifteen days for telephone and thirty days for paper mail.

Do not process a registered number or postal address for those purposes by telephone or paper mail. A registration or renewal made on the subscriber's explicit request revokes the consents previously given for processing the number by telephone or paper mail. After a revocation of the opposition you may process a national number if you collected specific consent after the latest registration or renewal, in line with the GDPR.

Massachusetts Automatic Telephone Dialing Systems and Telephone Solicitation Disclosures

If you sell or use an automatic telephone dialing system in Massachusetts, defined as terminal equipment that stores or produces telephone numbers using a random or sequential number generator and can deliver a prerecorded message, design and operate it to prevent dialing any number a customer has asked their own common carrier not to call, and to automatically release the called party's line within five seconds after they hang up.

If you are a common carrier, let a customer notify you, at no charge, that they do not wish to receive automatic-dialing-system calls, and offer that opportunity when their telephone is installed and at least once a year afterward.

Massachusetts Telemarketing Solicitation Act

Do not place an unsolicited telephonic sales call to a consumer whose name and telephone number appear on the office's current no sales solicitation calls listing, call between 8 p.m. and 8 a.m. local time at the consumer's location, send the solicitation by fax, or use a recorded message device.

Michigan Home Solicitation Sales Act, Telephone Solicitation Rules (as amended effective 2003)

Do not make a telephone solicitation to a residential telephone subscriber whose name and number are on the federal do-not-call list, or to a consumer who has asked not to receive calls from or for your organization, and use the do-not-call list for no other purpose.

Montana Montana Telemarketing Registration and Fraud Prevention Act

Do not telemarket to a Montana residence before 8 a.m. or after 9 p.m. local time, call someone who has said they do not wish to receive solicitation calls from you, use threatening, intimidating, profane or obscene language, engage anyone in conduct a reasonable person would find annoying, abusive or harassing, or intentionally block caller identification (an accurate substitute name and a working number are allowed).

Montana Telephone Solicitation No-Call List Act

Do not make a telephone solicitation (a voice call from a live operator or an automatic dialing-announcing device encouraging a purchase, rental or investment) to a Montana residential subscriber listed on the state no-call database, unless the subscriber invited it, has had business contact with you in the past 180 days or has a current business or personal relationship with you, or another listed exception applies (a 501(c)(1) to (c)(6) organization's fundraising call by a bona fide member, a federally regulated caller with its own no-call list, a natural person's referral or home-based call, or a licensed professional setting an appointment).

Netherlands Telecommunicatiewet (Telecommunications Act), Article 11.7(2), (6) and (8), Prior Consent for Unsolicited Communication to Natural Persons by Other Means (as rewritten in 2021)

When you send such communication with consent, give the natural person, with every message, a clear and explicit opportunity to object, free of charge and in an easy manner, to the use of their contact details.

Nevada Nevada Telephone Solicitation Registry (Do Not Call List)

Do not make an unsolicited call for the sale of goods or services to a number on the currently effective registry list, unless you have a preexisting business relationship with that person (a purchase or other financial transaction directly with you within the preceding 18 months), keep an internal do-not-call registry of people who asked you not to call, and send each such customer an annual written notice explaining how to join it.

New Hampshire New Hampshire Telemarketing Sales Calls Act

Do not make a telemarketing sales call, one made to induce payment or an extension of credit for goods or services or to gather information for such a solicitation, to a New Hampshire customer who has registered with the national do-not-call registry, and obtain the registry's quarterly listings.

Oklahoma Telemarketer Restriction Act, no-call registry

Do not make or cause to be made an unsolicited telemarketing sales call or message, including a cellular telephone text message, to a consumer more than thirty days after that consumer's telephone number first appears on the Attorney General's no-telemarketing-sales-call registry, unless you have an established business relationship with the consumer or the number has since been removed from the registry.

Oregon Oregon Automatic Dialing and Announcing Device Statute (as amended by 2025 Or. Laws ch. 580, effective January 1, 2026)

Before using an automatic dialing and announcing device to call a subscriber, design or operate it to disconnect within 10 seconds after the subscriber ends the call, and to offer the subscriber a one-touch or one-digit method within the first 10 seconds to opt out of future calls from you, unless you are a collection agency, debt buyer, debt collector, a public safety or law enforcement representative, or you have an established business relationship with the subscriber.

Do not use such a device to dial a fire, law enforcement or other emergency agency, a hospital, health care facility, physician's office, poison control center, or suicide-prevention or domestic-violence counseling service; do not dial a subscriber who used the device's opt-out against you unless you are a collection agency, debt buyer or debt collector, a public safety or law enforcement representative, or have an established business relationship; and, when dialing randomly or sequentially, do not dial a subscriber on an official government do-not-call list unless you have an established business relationship, are a debt buyer or subject to the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, are a public safety or law enforcement representative, or are a school district or school calling its employees, students or their families.

Oregon Oregon Telephone Solicitation Do Not Call List

Before placing a telephone solicitation call, screen it against the current list published by the administrator of Oregon's telephone solicitation program, which may include the part of the federal do-not-call registry relating to Oregon, and do not call a number on that list.

Do not knowingly, or while consciously avoiding knowledge, provide substantial assistance or support, including carrying or facilitating calls, for another person's violation of this registry ban, unless you are a common carrier or a network operator on whose network the call merely terminates.

Oregon Oregon Unlawful Telephone Solicitations Act (as amended by 2025 Or. Laws ch. 580, effective January 1, 2026)

Once a party you call or text as part of a telephone solicitation states a desire not to be called or texted again, do not make a subsequent telephone solicitation of that party at that number.

Pennsylvania Telemarketer Registration Act

Do not make a telephone solicitation, including a text message or ringless voicemail, on a Sunday, on a legal holiday, or before 9 a.m. or after 7 p.m., or to a subscriber who has told you they do not want solicitations from you or your seller (for a text message, a reply such as stop, quit, end, revoke, opt out, cancel or unsubscribe), or to a number on the do-not-call list once 30 days have passed since the quarterly list that first contains it; obtain the list quarterly and use it only to remove numbers.

If you use robocalls, state at the start of each call how to opt out, offer an automated voice or key-press opt-out within two seconds of identifying the caller and the seller and throughout the call, remove an opting-out number immediately, never require written consent to opt out, and leave a toll-free number reaching that opt-out in any voicemail message.

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Slovakia Electronic Communications Act, Section 116, Paragraphs 7 to 14, Telephone List of Objections to Direct Marketing Calls

Do not make any call for direct marketing to a telephone number that the subscriber or user entered in the Authority's list, or to a person who objected to such calls to the person for whom the marketing is done, unless the subscriber or user gave that person consent after the last update of the entry (section 116, paragraph 8).

Check in the list on the Authority's website every telephone number or group of numbers you intend to call for direct marketing, and pay the fee the Authority sets for the check (section 116, paragraph 10).

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Slovenia Electronic Communications Act (ZEKom-2), Article 226, Paragraphs 1 and 3 with Article 217, Paragraphs 3 to 5, Direct Marketing by Telephone Call

At each marketing or research call, respect the prohibition on using the subscriber's personal data for commercial or research calls that is marked in the latest published electronic directory (article 217, paragraph 5, applied through article 226, paragraph 3).

Sweden Marknadsföringslag (Marketing Act), Sections 19 and 21, Marketing by Automatic Calling Systems and Other Distance Methods

Do not use another method of individual communication at a distance, which includes a call placed by a person, to market to a natural person who has clearly objected to that method being used (section 21).

Texas Texas No-Call List, Facsimile Solicitation Notice, and Caller Identification Rules

Do not make a telemarketing call (an unsolicited call, text message included, to solicit a sale of a consumer good or service, credit for one, or information for either) to a number more than 60 days after it appears on the Texas no-call list.

When you make a facsimile solicitation from Texas, include in at least 12-point type your complete name and street address and a toll-free or local number answered by a person on weekdays from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. or that automatically deletes the recipient's number; on a stop request, send a written acknowledgment within 24 hours and make no further transmission to that number.

United Kingdom PECR, Automated Calls, Facsimile and Live Telephone Calls for Direct Marketing

Do not transmit, or instigate the transmission of, an unsolicited direct-marketing fax to an individual subscriber unless they have consented, to a corporate subscriber who has told you not to, or to any subscriber whose number is listed on the fax-marketing register the Information Commission keeps, unless that subscriber has since told you they do not object.

Do not use, or instigate the use of, a public electronic communications service to make an unsolicited live call for direct marketing purposes to a subscriber who has registered an objection to such calls on that line, or who has told you directly not to call, unless they have since told you they do not object.

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United States Telemarketing Sales Rule

Before an outbound telemarketing call to a residential number, screen it against the National Do Not Call Registry and your own do-not-call list, and do not call a number on either.

United States Telephone Consumer Protection Act, National Do Not Call Registry and Company-Specific List

Before placing a telephone solicitation to a residential number, screen it against the National Do Not Call Registry, refreshed no more than 31 days before the call, and do not call a number on it unless the recipient has an established business relationship with you or has given signed written permission.

Maintain your own written do-not-call policy, train personnel in it, and honor an individual's request not to be called by you again within a reasonable time not to exceed ten business days.

Virginia Virginia Telephone Privacy Protection Act

On every solicitation, transmit your telephone number, and your name where your carrier makes it available, through a number at which any individual can ask during regular business hours not to receive solicitations (for a text message, a number that accepts a reply-text opt-out), and do not block that transmission or cause false or misleading caller-identification information to display; the seller's name and customer service number may be substituted.

Do not call or text a number whose occupant has said they do not want solicitations made by or for that seller (for a text message, by replying UNSUBSCRIBE or STOP), and honor that request for at least 10 years; do not call or text a number on the National Do Not Call Registry.

Washington Telephone Solicitation Act

If you are asking for a donation or gift, ask the called party whether they want to continue the call, end it, or be removed from your telephone lists.

End the call within 10 seconds if the called party says they want to end it, or says they do not want to be called again; in the latter case, keep their name and number off your telephone lists for at least one year and do not sell or give their contact information to another company or organization.

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Washington Unsolicited Telefacsimile Messages Act

Do not send a fax to a recipient, even one with a prior relationship, once they have sent you a written or fax message clearly stating they do not want to receive further faxes from you.

Comprehensive regime

21 laws, 21 jurisdictions
JurisdictionLawWhat it asks, as read here
Angola Law on the Protection of Personal Data

Notify the Agência de Protecção de Dados, or obtain the recipient's express consent, before sending postal or electronic marketing messages or recording a call for commercial purposes, and let the recipient object to further messages free of charge at any time.

Australia Privacy Amendment (Personal Data Protection) Bill 2026 (exposure draft) proposed

Provide a simple means of requesting not to receive direct marketing communications before making one, and give effect to such a request (draft Australian Privacy Principle 7).

Bahamas Data Protection Act 2003, application and processing principles

Give an individual access to personal data held about them within forty days of a written request, and rectify or erase it on request where it breaches the collection principles.

Stop using an individual's personal data for direct marketing within forty days of their written request.

Belize Data Protection Act 2021, comprehensive regime from a date not yet set

Give a data subject access to, and the ability to correct, erase, restrict, or port, their personal data on request.

Stop processing a person's personal data for direct marketing once they object.

Bolivia Anteproyecto de Ley de Protección de Datos Personales (AGETIC) proposed

Let a person exercise access, rectification, erasure, objection, processing-limitation, portability, and revocation rights over their personal data, and let them object to being subject to a fully automated decision.

California California Consumer Privacy Act, as amended by the California Privacy Rights Act (Proposition 24)

If your app is a for-profit business meeting the CCPA's revenue or data-volume threshold and it determines the purposes and means of processing a California consumer's personal information, honor the CCPA/CPRA's notice, opt-out, and non-discrimination duties before collecting, selling, or sharing that data.

Canada Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA)

Give individuals access to their own personal information on request and a way to challenge the organization's compliance with these obligations.

Cayman Islands Data Protection Act 2021 Revision, application, principles and data subject rights

Give a data subject access to their personal data on request, and let them object to processing or to processing for direct marketing.

Colorado SB 21-190, Colorado Privacy Act (CPA)

If you process the personal data of Colorado residents at the qualifying volume thresholds, give clear privacy notice and honor consumer requests to access, correct, delete, and port their data within 45 days.

Offer consumers a way to opt out of targeted advertising, the sale of personal data, and profiling that produces legal or similarly significant effects, and complete a data protection assessment before processing that presents a heightened risk of harm.

Cuba Ley 149/2022, De Protección de Datos Personales, general regime

Let a data subject access, rectify, update, and cancel their personal data, including data held in a public registry, and honor an objection to processing, automated or not, that evaluates their performance, economic situation, health, reliability, or behavior, or risks harming them.

Show the other 11 laws
Egypt Law No. 151 of 2020 Promulgating the Personal Data Protection Law

Mark any electronic communication sent for direct marketing as articles 17 and 18 require, identifying its sender and giving the recipient a way to refuse it.

El Salvador Ley para la Protección de Datos Personales

Document your ARCO-POL request procedures, and hold any subcontractor with access to personal data to this Law.

Japan Act on the Protection of Personal Information, personal information of persons under 16 from a date not yet set

Cease using, or stop providing to a third party, personal data you hold that identifies a person under 16 without delay once the person's request under Article 35(9) is found justified, unless a case Article 35(9) lists applies or ceasing is difficult and you take the alternative measures needed to protect the person's rights and interests (Article 35(10)).

Liberia Data Protection Act of Liberia

On demand, give a data subject reasonable access to their personal information, its sources and recipients and the manner of processing; correct disputed inaccurate information immediately unless the request is vexatious or unreasonable; and honor a request to suspend, withdraw, block, remove or destroy information that is incomplete, outdated, false, unlawfully obtained or no longer necessary.

Mauritania Loi n° 2017-020, protection des données à caractère personnel

Do not process a person's personal data once they have validly objected, including where the processing serves commercial prospecting.

Nauru Communications and Broadcasting Act 2018, confidentiality of subscriber information and communications

Let a subscriber require you to correct or remove information relating to them, and handle any complaint about how you responded to that request.

Saint Lucia Data Protection Act

Obtain a person's express consent before processing their personal data, unless a specific ground applies such as performing a contract with them, complying with a legal obligation, or a legitimate interest that does not override their privacy rights, and let them object to processing done on public interest or legitimate interest grounds and revoke consent at any time.

Solomon Islands Telecommunications Act 2009, Confidentiality and Consent Duties

Let a consumer inspect the records you hold about them, and correct or remove information shown to be incorrect.

Sri Lanka Personal Data Protection Act, comprehensive regime and lawful basis from , in 7 weeks

An app that collects, uses, or discloses the personal data of an individual in Sri Lanka, including a voiceprint or faceprint, must have a lawful basis under Schedule I, ordinarily consent, contract necessity, or a legitimate interest satisfying a balancing test, and must give a data subject a way to seek review of a decision based solely on automated processing that has created or is likely to create an irreversible and continuous impact on their rights.

Uganda Data Protection and Privacy Act, 2019, comprehensive personal-data regime

Stop collecting or processing a data subject's personal data if they object, unless the collection or processing falls under one of the section 7(2) grounds.

Utah Utah Consumer Privacy Act

Let Utah consumers opt out of the sale of their personal data and of processing for targeted advertising.

Respond to a Utah consumer's request to access, delete, correct, or receive a portable copy of their personal data within 45 days, or notify the consumer of a single 45-day extension and the reason for it, and do not charge a fee for a consumer's first request in a 12-month period.

Sensitive categories

16 laws, 13 jurisdictions
JurisdictionLawWhat it asks, as read here
California AB 1159 (2026), student personal information (KOPIPA, ELPIPA and the Higher Education Student Information Protection Act) from , in 7 weeks

Delete a pupil's covered information when the school or local educational agency requests deletion, and delete a former pupil's covered information that the California Consumer Privacy Act does not cover when the parent, education rights holder or guardian, or the former pupil if 18 or older, requests it and the pupil has been out of enrollment for at least 60 days (Section 22584(d)(2), (3)).

California CCPA/CPRA sensitive personal information categories and biometric information definition

Honor a California consumer's request to limit your use of sensitive personal information, including biometric information, to what is necessary to provide the requested service.

Democratic Republic of the Congo Digital Code, Title III, sensitive personal data and minors

Where you cannot answer a request or a judicial or national-security requisition within the ordinary period, tell the requester the next day and answer within eight days at the latest.

European Union Political Advertising Regulation, Targeting and Ad-Delivery Techniques (Articles 18 and 19)

Do not ask a data subject to consent if he or she has already indicated by automated means that he or she does not consent to data processing for political advertising purposes, unless the request is justified by a substantial change of circumstances, and offer a data subject who does not consent an equivalent alternative for using the online service without receiving political advertising (Article 18(4)).

Germany Health Data Use Act (GDNG) Sections 1 and 6 to 9, Secondary Use and Protection of Health Data

Inform the public in clear and simple language of the purposes for which you further process data, and tell a data subject on request the nature, extent and purpose of the processing for research or statistics (Section 6, paragraph 4).

Germany Social Code Book V Section 342, Electronic Patient Record with Opt-Out

If you are a statutory health insurance fund, from provide every insured person who has not objected within six weeks of being informed under Section 343 with an electronic patient record approved by the Gesellschaft für Telematik (SGB V Section 342, paragraph 1).

Build the record so that insured persons can object to access by individual authorized parties, either to all data or only to the data of single use cases (Section 342, paragraph 2).

Iowa Iowa Consumer Data Protection Act, sensitive data and biometric data definitions

Offer an Iowa consumer an opt-out mechanism before processing their sensitive data. Unlike most peer states in this batch, ICDPA does not require opt-in consent for this category.

Iran Electronic Commerce Law (2003), Personal Data Chapter

An app that stores, processes, or distributes data revealing a Iranian resident's tribal or ethnic origin, religious or moral belief, ethical characteristics, or physical, psychological, or sexual condition needs their explicit consent first. Any other collection or processing of personal data needs consent for a specified, described purpose, must be limited to that purpose, must stay accurate, and must let the person access their own data with a right to have it corrected or completely removed. The law names no biometric category, so a voiceprint or faceprint is not subject to a heightened consent, retention, or destruction standard beyond the general consent-based rule, and nothing in this chapter conditions moving personal data out of Iran or requires notifying anyone after a security incident. Violating Article 58's sensitive-data consent rule is a criminal offense (one to three years' imprisonment); separately, Article 78 makes a private or governmental institution liable to compensate a person damaged through electronic transactions by its deficiency or fault.

Ontario Consumer Reporting Act, consumer reporting agencies and users of consumer reports

As a consumer reporting agency, on a consumer's written request disclose the consumer's file, sources, recipients and, if asked, current consumer score; correct, supplement or delete disputed information in accordance with good practice and notify the persons the corrected report went to.

Show the other 6 laws
Peru Ley 29733, sensitive personal data and minors

Let a child or adolescent exercise their data-protection rights through their legal representative, and apply any special measure the regulation sets for processing a minor's personal data.

Puerto Rico Ley para la Protección de la Privacidad Cibernética de los Niños y Jóvenes (children's online privacy)

Give every minor user resident in Puerto Rico a simple, understandable process to set their privacy options as part of account registration.

United States Fair Credit Reporting Act, consumer reporting agency, user and furnisher duties

If you are a consumer reporting agency, disclose to a consumer on request the information in the consumer's file, and when the consumer disputes an item, conduct a reasonable reinvestigation free of charge before the end of the 30-day period that begins when you receive the notice, which extends by not more than 15 additional days if you receive relevant information from the consumer during that period.

If you furnish information to a consumer reporting agency, do not furnish information you know or have reasonable cause to believe is inaccurate, and when the agency notifies you of a dispute, investigate, report the results, and modify, delete or permanently block an item found inaccurate, incomplete or unverifiable.

Utah Genetic Information Privacy Act

Let a Utah consumer access their genetic data, delete their account and genetic data, and have their biological sample destroyed on request.

Utah Utah Consumer Privacy Act, sensitive data categories and biometric data definition

Give Utah consumers clear notice and an opportunity to opt out before processing their sensitive data, including biometric data such as a voiceprint, retina scan, iris scan, or fingerprint collected for the purpose of identifying a specific individual.

Washington HB 1155, My Health My Data Act

Honor a consumer's request to confirm, access, or delete their consumer health data within 45 days, extendable once by 45 additional days.

Age-appropriate design code

10 laws, 8 jurisdictions
JurisdictionLawWhat it asks, as read here
California AB 2246 (2026), Online Services, Products, or Features Likely to be Accessed by Children from , in 7 weeks

Provide prominent, accessible, and responsive tools to help children, or their parents or guardians, exercise their privacy rights and report concerns.

California SB 1119 (2026), Adam's Law: companion chatbots and children's safety from , in 7 weeks

For a child user, set defaults that only a parent can change: disable persistent conversational memory and push notifications, and limit a single continuous session to one hour and total daily use to two hours; parental controls must let the parent adjust each setting and disable access for a child under 16.

Indonesia Government Regulation No. 17 of 2025 on Child Protection in Electronic Systems

Give users a mechanism to dispute or seek correction of an age determination.

Michigan SB 758 (2026), Michigan Kids Code Act proposed

If your online service is reasonably likely to be accessed by a covered minor, give a parent tools to manage the minor's privacy and account settings, screen time, and purchases.

Nebraska LB 838 (2026), amendments to the Age-Appropriate Online Design Code Act

Do not provide a covered minor with a single setting that makes all of the default privacy settings less protective at once, and do not request or prompt a covered minor to make privacy settings less protective unless the change is strictly necessary for the minor to access a service or feature the minor has expressly and unambiguously requested (section 87-1310).

Provide a prominent, accessible, and responsive tool for a covered minor to request that the minor's account be unpublished or deleted, and honor the request no later than fifteen days after you receive it (section 87-1311).

New Jersey A4015/S3413, New Jersey Kids Code Act from , in 10 months

Do not offer a covered child or covered minor a single setting that makes several default privacy settings less protective at once, and do not prompt them to make a privacy setting less protective unless the change is needed for a service or feature they or a parent have expressly requested.

Offer a covered child or covered minor individual privacy settings to block specific users from accessing or interacting with their media and from communicating with them, including by direct message.

+2 more
New York S4609A/A6549A Stop Online Predators Act, enacted as the Safe by Design Act (FY2027 budget, S9008-C part Y) from , in 7 weeks

Require parental approval before a minor weakens those default settings.

New York S7695B, New York Child Data Protection Act

Honor browser or device signals indicating that a user is a minor.

Singapore Code of Practice for Online Safety, Social Media Services

Unless you restrict child access entirely, give the child or a parent or guardian tools to manage exposure to content and to limit the visibility of and interaction with the account.

South Carolina H.3431 (2026), Age-Appropriate Design Code Act (Act No. 96 of 2026)

Offer opt outs from personalized recommendation systems.

Enforcement supervision

5 laws, 5 jurisdictions
JurisdictionLawWhat it asks, as read here
Bangladesh Personal Data Protection Act, 2026, complaints, penalties and appeals from a date not yet set

Honor each right the Act gives a data principal, and give personal data the protection and security that the Act, its rules and regulations or the general operating procedure prescribe, a biometric identifier included (ss.32 and 33).

Benin Loi n°2017-20 portant Code du Numérique en République du Bénin, Livre V, Autorité de Protection des Données Personnelles, sanctions et infractions pénales

Include an unsubscribe link in every unsolicited electronic message you send based on personal data you collected, and do not use another person's or entity's identity to deceive message recipients or website users into disclosing personal or confidential data.

El Salvador Ley para la Protección de Datos Personales, enforcement and sanctions

Do not process personal data without prior consent, deny an ARCO-POL request, use a child's data without parental consent, reverse a pseudonymization, or use, transfer, share or commercialize personal data in violation of this Law.

Mexico Ley Federal de Protección de Datos Personales en Posesión de los Particulares, enforcement, sanctions and offences

Give effect to a resolution favourable to the data subject within ten days of its notification, or the longer period the resolution itself sets.

Paraguay Ley N° 7593/2025, la Agencia Nacional, faltas y sanciones from , in 12 months

When the supervisory authority upholds a data subject's complaint under article 52 and requires you to give effect to the right concerned, do so and report it to the authority in writing within fifteen business days of doing so.

AI transparency

4 laws, 4 jurisdictions
JurisdictionLawWhat it asks, as read here
Colorado HB 26-1263 (2026), Conversational AI Service Operator Requirements

Starting , if you know an account holder or user is a minor, offer them and their parent or guardian tools to manage privacy and account settings, including whether the service retains prior interactions for personalization or uses their data to train the service

Idaho Conversational AI Safety Act from , in 8 months

For a minor account holder, disclose the AI's non-human status either as a persistent visible disclaimer or at the start of each session and at least every three hours; do not use unpredictable reward mechanics to increase engagement; take reasonable measures against sexually explicit content directed at the minor and against statements suggesting the AI is sentient, human, romantically or sexually interested, or emotionally dependent; and offer account and privacy management tools to minors and to the parents or guardians of those under thirteen.

Iowa Conversational AI Services Act (Senate File 2417) from , in 8 months

Offer minor account holders, and the parents or guardians of minors under thirteen, tools to manage the minor's privacy and account settings.

Nebraska Conversational Artificial Intelligence Safety Act (LB 525, §§ 12-18) from , in 8 months

Offer minor account holders, and their parents or guardians, tools to manage the account holder's privacy and account settings.

Social media and minors

4 laws, 4 jurisdictions
JurisdictionLawWhat it asks, as read here
Arkansas Act 952 of 2025 (HB1717), Arkansas Children and Teens' Online Privacy Protection Act

Give the parent of a child the opportunity to request deletion of the child's account, content or information, to refuse further use or collection, and to challenge and correct inaccurate information, and give a reasonable means to obtain the information you hold.

Give a teen the opportunity at any time to delete personal information collected from the teen, to challenge its accuracy and have inaccurate information corrected, and a reasonable means to obtain it.

California SB 976 (2024), Protecting Our Kids from Social Media Addiction Act

Do not give a user you know is a minor an addictive feed or non default privacy settings without verifiable parental consent.

Nebraska LB 383 (2025), Parental Rights in Social Media Act

Give parents tools to view a minor's messages, control privacy settings, and limit time on the platform; the requirement to give parents access to a minor's posts, interactions, and messages was not enjoined.

Tennessee Protecting Children from Social Media Act (HB 1891/SB 2097, 2024 Tenn. Pub. Acts ch. 899)

Give parents supervisory tools, including privacy settings visibility, daily time restrictions and mandatory breaks.

Biometric privacy

2 laws, 2 jurisdictions
JurisdictionLawWhat it asks, as read here
China Provisions on Security Management of Facial Recognition Technology Application

Offer a non-facial-recognition verification alternative whenever one exists; do not make facial recognition the sole means of identity verification.

Japan Act on the Protection of Personal Information, Specific Biometric Personal Information from a date not yet set

An app that handles a data subject's Specific Biometric Personal Information, an individual identification code converted from a bodily feature obtainable without special technology or great expense and of a kind the data subject cannot easily recognize is being captured, must, except in specified cases, notify the data subject in advance or place the purpose of use where the data subject can readily learn it; may not provide it to a third party under the ordinary opt-out mechanism; and must, on the data subject's request, cease using it or stop providing it to a third party without delay, unless a specified exception applies.

Adult content age verification (AV)

1 law, 1 jurisdiction
JurisdictionLawWhat it asks, as read here
North Carolina HB 805, Prevent Sexual Exploitation of Women and Minors Act

Remove an image within 72 hours of a request from a depicted individual or law enforcement.

Block removed images from re-publication.

AI risk obligations

1 law, 1 jurisdiction
JurisdictionLawWhat it asks, as read here
European Union AI Act, Articles 60 and 61 (testing in real world conditions outside AI regulatory sandboxes, with informed consent)

Let a subject, or the subject's legally designated representative, withdraw from the testing at any time by revoking informed consent, without detriment and without having to provide any justification, and on request delete the subject's personal data immediately and permanently; the withdrawal does not affect the activities already carried out (Article 60(5)).

AI sector rules

1 law, 1 jurisdiction
JurisdictionLawWhat it asks, as read here
Jordan Central Bank of Jordan Artificial Intelligence Framework for the Banking Sector, Version 1.0

The CBJ expects you to offer opt-out or alternative service options to customers who prefer not to interact with AI-driven systems, without compromising their access to essential banking services, to let customers access, correct and request deletion of their personal data where applicable, and to keep open channels for customers to question and appeal AI decisions that affect them (sections 2.3 and 2.4).

Cross border transfer

1 law, 1 jurisdiction
JurisdictionLawWhat it asks, as read here
Cuba Resolución 58/2022 (MINCOM), security and localization rules for personal data in electronic form

Let a telecommunications, application, or internet-service user access, update, and cancel their personal data on request, and disclose the purpose of data collection, privacy configuration options, and any tracking elements such as cookies.

Full text of the NIST Privacy Framework, public domain (a US government work). Every control of the framework.