Law / Frameworks / NIST Privacy Framework / Control-P

NIST Privacy Framework, Control-PCT.DM-P10

Stakeholder privacy preferences are included in algorithmic design objectives and outputs are evaluated against these preferences.NIST Privacy Framework, version 1.0, January 2020, CT.DM-P10

We read each law below as bearing on this control. That does not mean the control, done well, meets the law: what each law asks is on its own page. Corpus as of .

70
laws
68
places
0
with court rulings behind them
5
not yet in force
3
proposed, not law

A law in force is unmarked; the rest wear their state: not yet in force proposed

  • Albania
  • Andorra
  • Angola
  • Austria
  • Barbados
  • Belize
  • Benin
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Botswana
  • Brazil
  • Burkina Faso
  • Cabo Verde
  • Cambodia
  • Cayman Islands
  • Cyprus
  • Côte d'Ivoire
  • Denmark
  • Djibouti
  • Ecuador
  • Estonia
  • Eswatini
  • Ethiopia
  • European Union
  • Finland
  • Gambia
  • Germany
  • Greece
  • Iceland
  • Ireland
  • Kiribati
  • Kosovo
  • Latvia
  • Lesotho
  • Liechtenstein
  • Lithuania
  • Luxembourg
  • Madagascar
  • Mali
  • Malta
  • Mauritania
  • Moldova
  • Monaco
  • Morocco
  • Niger
  • Nigeria
  • North Macedonia
  • Norway
  • Panama
  • Peru
  • Portugal
  • Republic of the Congo
  • Rwanda
  • San Marino
  • Sao Tome and Principe
  • Senegal
  • Serbia
  • Somalia
  • South Africa
  • Suriname
  • Togo
  • Tonga
  • Uganda
  • Ukraine
  • United Kingdom
  • Uruguay
  • Vanuatu
  • Zambia
  • Zimbabwe

Data subject rights

67 laws, 66 places
PlaceLawWhat it asks, as read here
Albania Law No. 124/2024, automated decisions

Give a data subject the right not to be subject to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal or similarly serious effects, unless a listed exception applies, and where an exception does apply, let them obtain human intervention, express their view, and contest the decision.

Andorra LQPD, automated decisions

Do not subject a data subject to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects concerning them, unless a listed exception applies and you provide the required safeguards, and never subject a minor to such a decision at all.

Angola Law on the Protection of Personal Data, automated decisions

Do not base a decision that produces legal effects on, or significantly affects, a person solely on automated processing evaluating personal aspects such as their professional capacity, creditworthiness, trustworthiness or conduct, unless it occurs in performing a contract at the data subject's request with safeguards for their legitimate interests, or the APD has authorised it with safeguards.

Austria GDPR Article 22, Automated Decision-Making in Austria

Provide a meaningful human review before finalizing any decision based solely on automated processing that produces legal or similarly significant effects for a person in Austria, under GDPR Article 22.

Barbados Data Protection Act, 2019, automated decisions

Where an automated decision rests on a contract with the data subject or on their consent, implement suitable measures to safeguard their rights, freedoms and legitimate interests, and do not extend the exception to sensitive personal data unless the processing is in the public interest and those measures are in place.

Benin Loi n°2017-20 portant Code du Numérique en République du Bénin, Livre V, automated decisions

Do not base a decision that produces legal effects for a person, or otherwise significantly affects them, solely on automated processing, including profiling, and disclose the underlying logic and the significance and consequences of such processing when the person asks.

Bosnia and Herzegovina Law on the Protection of Personal Data of Bosnia and Herzegovina, automated decisions

Give a person a right to obtain human intervention and express their view against a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects or similarly significantly affects them, under Article 24.

Botswana Data Protection Act, 2024, automated decisions

Do not base a decision that produces legal effects concerning a person, or significantly affects them, solely on automated processing, including profiling, unless a listed exception applies, and where one does, let the person obtain human intervention, express their point of view, and contest the decision.

Brazil LGPD, review of automated decisions

Let a data subject request review of any decision made solely on automated processing of their personal data, including a decision that defines their personal, professional, consumer, or credit profile or an aspect of their personality.

Burkina Faso Personal Data Protection Law, automated decisions

Do not base an administrative or private decision assessing a person's behavior solely on automated processing that produces a profile or personality assessment of them.

Show the other 57 laws
Cabo Verde Law No. 133/V/2001 on the Protection of Personal Data, automated decisions

Do not base a decision that produces legal effects on, or significantly affects, a person solely on automated processing evaluating personal aspects such as their work performance, creditworthiness, reliability or conduct, unless it occurs in entering into or performing a contract at the data subject's request with safeguards for their legitimate interests, or the CNPD has authorised it with safeguards.

Cambodia Cambodia's Draft Law on Personal Data Protection, automated decisions proposed

If enacted as drafted, a data subject would have the right to request human involvement where an automated decision, including profiling, produces a legal effect or similarly affects them, unless the decision is necessary to perform a contract, is authorized by specific legal provisions, or rests on the data subject's own explicit consent.

Cyprus GDPR Article 22 and Law 125(I)/2018 Article 31, Decisions About a Person in Cyprus

Provide a meaningful human review before finalizing any decision based solely on automated processing that produces legal or similarly significant effects for a person in Cyprus, under GDPR Article 22.

Côte d'Ivoire Law No. 2013-450 on the Protection of Personal Data, automated decisions

Do not base an administrative or private decision assessing a person's behavior or personality solely on automated processing of their personal data.

Denmark GDPR Article 22, Automated Decisions in Denmark

Provide a meaningful human review before finalizing any decision based solely on automated processing that produces legal or similarly significant effects for a person in Denmark, under GDPR Article 22.

Djibouti Digital Code, Book I: automated individual decision-making

Do not base a decision that produces legal effects on a person, or significantly affects them, solely on automated processing of their personal data, including profiling, unless a statutory or consent-based exception applies with human-intervention, expression and contestation safeguards.

Ecuador LOPDP, automated decisions

Do not make a decision based solely or partly on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal or similarly significant effects for a data subject, and give heightened protection where the data subject is a child or adolescent.

Give children and adolescents the heightened protection article 21 provides against a decision based solely or partly on automated processing.

Ecuador SPDP Norma General guaranteeing personal-data protection in the use of AI systems from a date not yet set

Guarantee, at all times, a data subject's right not to be the object of a decision based solely or partly on automated valuations reached by an AI system processing their personal data, along with the right to information and the right to object.

Estonia GDPR Article 22, Automated Decisions in Estonia

Provide a meaningful human review before finalizing any decision based solely on automated processing that produces legal or similarly significant effects for a person in Estonia, under GDPR Article 22.

Eswatini Data Protection Act, 2022, automated decisions

Do not base a decision that has a legal effect on a person, or that significantly affects them, solely on automated processing of their personal information intended to profile their personality or habits, except where taken under a contract at their request or under a law, code or scientific standard with safeguards in place.

Ethiopia Personal Data Protection Proclamation, automated decisions

Give a data subject the right not to be subject to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects concerning them or significantly affects them.

Do not base an automated evaluation of personal aspects relating to an individual on sensitive personal data, and where an automated decision rests on a contract with the data subject or their explicit consent, put suitable measures in place to safeguard the data subject's rights, freedoms and legitimate interests.

European Union GDPR Article 22, Automated Individual Decision-Making

Do not subject a person in the EU to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects or similarly significantly affects them, unless it is necessary to enter into or perform a contract with them, is authorised by a law that itself safeguards their rights, or rests on their explicit consent.

Finland GDPR Article 22, Automated Decisions in Finland

Provide a meaningful human review before finalizing any decision based solely on automated processing that produces legal or similarly significant effects for a person in Finland, under GDPR Article 22.

Gambia Personal Data Protection and Privacy Act, 2025, automated decision-making from a date not yet set

Do not base a decision that produces legal effects for a person, or otherwise significantly affects them, solely on automated processing, including profiling.

Germany GDPR Article 22 and BDSG Sections 31 and 37, Automated Decisions and Credit Scoring in Germany

Provide a meaningful human review before finalizing any decision based solely on automated processing that produces legal or similarly significant effects for a person in Germany, including a credit score generated for a third party's determinative use, under GDPR Article 22 and BDSG Section 31.

Greece GDPR Article 22, Automated Decisions in Greece

Provide a meaningful human review before finalizing any decision based solely on automated processing that produces legal or similarly significant effects for a person in Greece, under GDPR Article 22.

Iceland Act No. 90/2018 Article 22, Automated Decisions in Iceland

Provide a meaningful human review before finalizing any decision based solely on automated processing that produces legal or similarly significant effects for a person in Iceland.

Ireland GDPR Article 22 and Data Protection Act 2018 Section 57, Automated Decision-Making in Ireland

Provide a meaningful human review before finalizing any decision based solely on automated processing that produces legal or similarly significant effects for a person in Ireland, under GDPR Article 22.

Kiribati Data Protection Act 2025, automated decisions from a date not yet set

On commencement, do not subject a data subject to a decision based solely on automated processing of personal data that produces a legal or similarly significant effect on them, unless the decision is necessary to a contract with them, authorised by a law with suitable safeguards, or authorised by their consent.

Kosovo Law No. 06/L-082 on Protection of Personal Data, automated decisions

Do not subject a data subject to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects or similarly significantly affects them, unless a listed exception applies and you provide the required safeguards, including the right to obtain human intervention.

Latvia GDPR Article 22, Automated Decisions in Latvia

Provide a meaningful human review before finalizing any decision based solely on automated processing that produces legal or similarly significant effects for a person in Latvia, under GDPR Article 22.

Lesotho Data Protection Act, 2011, automated decision making

Do not base a decision that has a legal effect on a person, or that significantly affects them, solely on automated processing of their personal information intended to profile their personality or habits, except where taken under a contract at their request or under a law with safeguards in place.

Liechtenstein DSG Automated-Decision Rights in Liechtenstein

Provide a meaningful human review before finalizing any decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces a significant legal or similarly significant effect for a person in Liechtenstein, under the DSG's automated-decision provisions.

Lithuania GDPR Article 22, Automated Decisions in Lithuania

Provide a meaningful human review before finalizing any decision based solely on automated processing that produces legal or similarly significant effects for a person in Lithuania, under GDPR Article 22.

Luxembourg GDPR Article 22, Automated Decisions as Applied in Luxembourg

Provide a meaningful human review before finalizing any decision based solely on automated processing that produces legal or similarly significant effects for a person in Luxembourg, under GDPR Article 22.

Madagascar Loi n° 2014-038, automated decisions

Do not base an administrative or private decision assessing a person's conduct solely on automated profiling.

Mali Loi n° 2013-015, automated decisions

Do not base a decision producing legal effects for a person solely on an automated processing designed to profile them or evaluate aspects of their personality.

Malta GDPR Article 22, Automated Decisions in Malta

Provide a meaningful human review before finalizing any decision based solely on automated processing that produces legal or similarly significant effects for a person in Malta, under GDPR Article 22.

Mauritania Loi n° 2017-020 du 22 juillet 2017, automated decisions

Do not base a decision producing legal effects for a person solely on automated profiling or an automated evaluation of their personality.

Moldova Moldova Law No. 195/2024, automated decisions

Do not subject a person to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects concerning them or similarly significantly affects them, and where a carve-out applies, give them human intervention, a chance to express their point of view and a way to contest the decision.

Monaco Loi n. 1.565 du 3 decembre 2024, automated decisions

Do not base a decision that produces legal effects for a person or significantly affects them solely on automated processing, including profiling, unless a listed exception applies, and where it does, guarantee at least the right to obtain human intervention, express a view, and contest the decision.

Morocco Law No. 09-08, automated decisions

Do not base a decision producing legal effects on a person solely on automated processing meant to profile them or evaluate an aspect of their personality, except a decision taken in forming or performing a contract where the person could comment, or one that grants the person's own request.

Niger Loi n° 2022-59, automated decisions

Do not base an administrative or private decision assessing a person's behaviour or personality solely on automated processing, unless the person gave explicit consent, it is necessary to enter into or perform a contract with them, or a law or regulation otherwise authorizes it.

Nigeria Nigeria Data Protection Act, 2023 and GAID 2025, automated decisions

Give a data subject the right not to be subject to a decision based solely on automated processes or algorithms.

North Macedonia Law on Personal Data Protection (LPDP), automated individual decision-making

Once Chapter III takes effect, give a data subject the right not to be subject to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects concerning them or similarly significantly affects them, under Article 26.

Once Chapter III takes effect, where a decision based solely on automated processing rests on a contract with the data subject or their explicit consent, implement suitable measures to safeguard their rights, freedoms and legitimate interests, under Article 26(3).

Norway Personal Data Act, Automated Decisions in Norway

Provide a meaningful human review before finalizing any decision based solely on automated processing that produces legal or similarly significant effects for a person in Norway, under the incorporated GDPR Article 22.

Panama Ley 81 de 2019, automated decisions

Do not subject a data subject to a decision based solely on automated processing of their personal data that produces a negative legal effect or a detriment to a right, unless they consented, the decision is necessary to perform a contract, or a special law authorizes it.

Peru Ley 29733, right to objective processing

Do not base a decision that has legal effects on a person, or significantly affects them, solely on an automated evaluation of their personality or conduct, outside a contractual relationship or a public-entity entry evaluation, and let them state their own view.

Portugal GDPR Article 22, Automated Decisions in Portugal

Provide a meaningful human review before finalizing any decision based solely on automated processing that produces legal or similarly significant effects for a person in Portugal, under GDPR Article 22.

Republic of the Congo Law No. 29-2019, automated decisions

Do not base a decision producing legal effects for a person solely on automated processing intended to define their profile or evaluate aspects of their personality, unless the decision arises from concluding or performing a contract on which the person had a chance to comment, or it grants their own request.

Rwanda Law N° 58/2021, automated decisions

Do not subject a data subject to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal or other significant consequences for them, unless their explicit consent, contract necessity, or an authorising law with safeguards applies.

San Marino San Marino Law No. 171, automated decisions

Provide a meaningful human review before finalizing a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal or similarly significant effects for a person in San Marino, under Article 22.

Sao Tome and Principe Lei n.º 03/2016, automated decisions

Do not subject a person to a decision that affects their legal situation or affects them significantly based solely on automated processing that assesses their personality, professional capacity, credit, trustworthiness or behavior, unless the decision is taken in performing a contract at their request with safeguards for their interests, or a law authorizing it protects their rights.

Senegal Loi n° 2008-12 du 25 janvier 2008, automated decisions

Do not base a decision producing legal effects for a person solely on automated profiling or an automated evaluation of their personality, except where they had the chance to make observations or the decision grants their own request.

Serbia Law on Personal Data Protection, automated decisions

Do not base a decision producing legal effects or significantly affecting a person solely on automated processing, including profiling, unless it is necessary for a contract with them, authorized by law with adequate safeguards, or based on their explicit consent, and even then give them the right to obtain human intervention, express their view, and contest the decision.

Somalia Data Protection Act, 2023, automated decisions

Do not base a decision that produces legal or similar significant effects on a person solely on automated processing, including profiling, unless a contract, a written law with safeguards, or the person's consent authorises it.

South Africa POPIA, automated decisions

Do not base a decision that has legal or substantially similar consequences for a person solely on automated processing of their personal information, unless the person can make representations about the decision and you have explained the underlying logic of the processing to them.

Suriname Draft Law on the Protection of Privacy and Personal Data, automated decisions proposed

Give a data subject the right not to be subject to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects for them or otherwise significantly affects them, unless a listed exception applies, and never base such a decision on special categories of personal data unless a narrow exception applies with appropriate safeguards.

Togo Loi n° 2019-014, automated individual decisions

Do not base a decision producing legal effects concerning a person solely on an automated evaluation of their personal characteristics or profile, except a contractual decision on which they could state their views or one granting their own request.

Tonga Privacy Act 2025, automated decisions from a date not yet set

Let a data subject avoid a decision based solely on automated processing.

Uganda Data Protection and Privacy Act, 2019, automated decisions

Do not base a decision that significantly affects a data subject solely on automated processing where they have given written notice against it, and where such a decision is made, notify the data subject and reconsider it within twenty-one days of their written request.

Ukraine Draft Law No. 8153, automated decision making proposed

Once enacted, do not base a decision that significantly affects a data subject in Ukraine solely on automated processing, including profiling, under Article 25.

United Kingdom Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 Section 80, Automated Decision-Making, UK GDPR Articles 22A-22D

Before finalizing a solely automated decision producing legal or similarly significant effects for a person in the United Kingdom, inform them in advance, and provide a meaningful human review and a right to contest the decision on request, under UK GDPR Articles 22A to 22D.

Uruguay Ley N° 18.331, automated decisions

Let a data subject challenge, and obtain the valuation criteria and the program behind, any administrative act or private decision based solely on automated processing of their personal data that offers an assessment of their character or personality.

Vanuatu Data Protection and Privacy Act 2024, automated decisions

Do not subject a data subject to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling.

Zambia Data Protection Act, 2021, automated decisions

Do not subject a data subject to a decision based solely on automated processing that has legal or similarly significant effects without human intervention.

Where an automated decision rests on a contract, a written law or explicit consent, put suitable safeguards in place, including the right to obtain human intervention, to put a point of view and to contest the decision, and do not process sensitive personal data automatically at all unless the data subject expressly consented, the processing is in the public interest, or a written law permits it with safeguards.

Zimbabwe Cyber and Data Protection Act, rights of the data subject

Do not take a decision about a data subject on the basis of automatic data processing outside what section 25 allows, and deal with a child data subject through the representation section 26 provides.

Comprehensive regime

2 laws, 2 places
PlaceLawWhat it asks, as read here
Belize Data Protection Act 2021, comprehensive regime from a date not yet set

Do not base a decision solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces a legal or similarly significant effect on a person, unless a contract, an authorising enactment with safeguards, or the person's consent applies, and never for sensitive personal data outside the public interest.

Cayman Islands Data Protection Act 2021 Revision, application, principles and data subject rights

Do not base a decision that significantly affects a data subject solely on automated processing of their personal data without notifying them and honouring a request to reconsider.

Sensitive categories

1 law, 1 place
PlaceLawWhat it asks, as read here
Zimbabwe Cyber and Data Protection Regulations 2024, children's information and automated decisions

Obtain the consent of a parent or legal guardian before processing a child's personal information, and do not subject a child's data to automated decision-making that affects the child's rights.

Do not subject any data subject to a decision based solely on automated processing which produces legal effects concerning them, without their consent or a provision established by law.

Full text of the NIST Privacy Framework, public domain (a US government work). Every control of the framework.