Law / Frameworks / NIST Privacy Framework / Control-P
NIST Privacy Framework, Control-PCT.DM-P10
Stakeholder privacy preferences are included in algorithmic design objectives and outputs are evaluated against these preferences.NIST Privacy Framework, version 1.0, January 2020, CT.DM-P10
We read each law below as bearing on this control. That does not mean the control, done well, meets the law: what each law asks is on its own page. Law library as of .
- 92
- laws
- 83
- jurisdictions
- 1
- with court rulings behind it
- 8
- not yet in force
- 3
- proposed, not law
Related controls in other frameworks the same duties, in at least two laws we track, reach both
- NIST AI RMFMAP 3.5 Processes for human oversight are defined, assessed, and documented in..., 54 laws
- NIST AI RMFMEASURE 3.3 Feedback processes for end users and impacted communities to report problems..., 16 laws
- NIST AI RMFMEASURE 2.9 The AI model is explained, validated, and documented, and AI system output..., 5 laws
- NIST AI 600-1GAI-RISK-04 Data Privacy, 3 laws
- NIST AI 600-1GAI-RISK-07 Human-AI Configuration, 3 laws
- NIST AI 200-22.3 Apply & Measure, 3 laws
- NIST AI 200-24.3 Composing a TEVV Toolbox, 3 laws
- OWASP LLM Top 10LLM03:2026 Excessive Agency, 3 laws
- OWASP Agentic Top 10ASI09 Human-Agent Trust Exploitation, 3 laws
- MIT mitigations1.1 Board Structure & Oversight, 3 laws
- MIT mitigations1.2 Risk Management, 3 laws
- MIT mitigations3.2 Data Governance, 3 laws
- 3 more in the MIT mitigations
- FINOS AIGFAIR-PREV-005 System Acceptance Testing, 4 laws
- FINOS AIGFAIR-PREV-006 Data Quality & Classification/Sensitivity, 4 laws
- FINOS AIGFAIR-DET-021 Agent Decision Audit and Explainability, 4 laws
- 3 more in the FINOS AIGF
- ETSI EN 304 2235.1.4-1 Capability for human oversight designed in and maintained., 3 laws
- ETSI EN 304 2235.2.1-1 Full inventory of assets, including their dependencies and connections., 3 laws
- ETSI EN 304 2235.2.4-1 Developers keep an audit trail of system design and post-deployment..., 3 laws
- 2 more in the ETSI EN 304 223
A law in force is unmarked; the rest wear their state: not yet in force proposed
Data subject rights
84 laws, 80 jurisdictions| Jurisdiction | Law | What it asks, as read here |
|---|---|---|
| Law No. 124/2024, automated decisions |
Give a data subject the right not to be subject to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal or similarly serious effects, unless a listed exception applies, and where an exception does apply, let them obtain human intervention, express their view, and contest the decision. |
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| LQPD, automated decisions |
Do not subject a data subject to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects concerning them, unless a listed exception applies and you provide the required safeguards, and never subject a minor to such a decision at all. |
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| Law on the Protection of Personal Data, automated decisions |
Do not base a decision that produces legal effects on, or significantly affects, a person solely on automated processing evaluating personal aspects such as their professional capacity, creditworthiness, trustworthiness or conduct, unless it occurs in performing a contract at the data subject's request with safeguards for their legitimate interests, or the APD has authorised it with safeguards. |
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| GDPR Article 22, Automated Decision-Making in Austria |
Where a decision based solely on automated processing about a person in Austria rests on a contract with them or on their explicit consent, put suitable safeguards in place, at least the right to obtain human intervention, to express their point of view and to contest the decision, under GDPR Article 22(3). Do not subject a person in Austria to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects concerning them or similarly significantly affects them, unless the decision is necessary for entering into or performing a contract with them, is authorised by Union or Member State law that also lays down suitable measures to safeguard their rights, or rests on their explicit consent, under GDPR Article 22(1) and (2). |
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| Data Protection Act, 2019, automated decisions |
Where an automated decision rests on a contract with the data subject or on their consent, implement suitable measures to safeguard their rights, freedoms and legitimate interests, and do not extend the exception to sensitive personal data unless the processing is in the public interest and those measures are in place. |
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| GDPR Article 22, Automated Decision-Making in Belgium |
Do not subject a person in Belgium to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects concerning them or similarly significantly affects them, unless the decision is necessary for entering into or performing a contract with them, is authorised by Union or Member State law that also lays down suitable measures to safeguard their rights, or rests on their explicit consent, under GDPR Article 22(1) and (2). |
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| Loi n°2017-20 portant Code du Numérique en République du Bénin, Livre V, automated decisions |
Do not base a decision that produces legal effects for a person, or otherwise significantly affects them, solely on automated processing, including profiling, and disclose the underlying logic and the significance and consequences of such processing when the person asks. |
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| Law on the Protection of Personal Data of Bosnia and Herzegovina, automated decisions |
Give a person a right to obtain human intervention and express their view against a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects or similarly significantly affects them, under Article 24. |
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| Data Protection Act, 2024, automated decisions |
Do not base a decision that produces legal effects concerning a person, or significantly affects them, solely on automated processing, including profiling, unless a listed exception applies, and where one does, let the person obtain human intervention, express their point of view, and contest the decision. |
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| LGPD, review of automated decisions |
Let a data subject request review of any decision made solely on automated processing of their personal data, including a decision that defines their personal, professional, consumer, or credit profile or an aspect of their personality. |
Show the other 74 laws
| GDPR Article 22, Automated Decisions in Bulgaria |
Do not subject a person in Bulgaria to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects concerning them or similarly significantly affects them, unless the decision is necessary for entering into or performing a contract with them, is authorised by Union or Member State law that also lays down suitable measures to safeguard their rights, or rests on their explicit consent, under GDPR Article 22(1) and (2). |
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| Personal Data Protection Law, automated decisions |
Do not base an administrative or private decision assessing a person's behavior solely on automated processing that produces a profile or personality assessment of them. |
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| Law No. 133/V/2001 on the Protection of Personal Data, automated decisions |
Do not base a decision that produces legal effects on, or significantly affects, a person solely on automated processing of their personal data, including profiling, unless the law authorizes it, or the person consents to it in the course of entering into or performing a contract and either their request was satisfied or adequate measures guarantee their legitimate interests and their chance to put their point of view. |
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| Law No. 133/V/2001 on the Protection of Personal Data, automated decisions authorized by the CNPD |
Where you rely on the CNPD's authorization to take a decision that produces legal effects on a person, or significantly affects them, solely on automated processing, take measures that guarantee the data subject's legitimate interests. |
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| Cambodia's Draft Law on Personal Data Protection, automated decisions proposed |
Give a data subject the right to request human involvement where an automated decision, including profiling, produces a legal effect or similarly affects them, unless the decision is necessary to perform a contract, is authorized by specific legal provisions, or rests on the data subject's own explicit consent. |
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| GDPR Article 22, Right Against Automated Individual Decision-Making |
Do not subject a person in Croatia to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects concerning them or similarly significantly affects them, unless the decision is necessary for entering into or performing a contract with them, is authorised by Union or Member State law that also lays down suitable measures to safeguard their rights, or rests on their explicit consent, under GDPR Article 22(1) and (2). |
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| GDPR Article 22 and Law 125(I)/2018 Article 31, Decisions About a Person in Cyprus |
Where a decision based solely on automated processing about a person in Cyprus rests on a contract with them or on their explicit consent, put suitable safeguards in place, at least the right to obtain human intervention, to express their point of view and to contest the decision, under GDPR Article 22(3). Do not subject a person in Cyprus to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects concerning them or similarly significantly affects them, unless the decision is necessary for entering into or performing a contract with them, is authorised by Union or Member State law that also lays down suitable measures to safeguard their rights, or rests on their explicit consent, under GDPR Article 22(1) and (2). |
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| GDPR Article 22, Automated Decisions in the Czech Republic |
Do not subject a person in the Czech Republic to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects concerning them or similarly significantly affects them, unless the decision is necessary for entering into or performing a contract with them, is authorised by Union or Member State law that also lays down suitable measures to safeguard their rights, or rests on their explicit consent, under GDPR Article 22(1) and (2). |
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| Law No. 2013-450 on the Protection of Personal Data, automated decisions |
Do not base an administrative or private decision assessing a person's behavior or personality solely on automated processing of their personal data. |
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| GDPR Article 22, Automated Decisions in Denmark |
Give a person in Denmark a path to obtain human intervention, express their view, and contest a decision made solely by automated processing that produces a legal or similarly significant effect on them, under GDPR Article 22. Do not subject a person in Denmark to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects concerning them or similarly significantly affects them, unless the decision is necessary for entering into or performing a contract with them, is authorised by Union or Member State law that also lays down suitable measures to safeguard their rights, or rests on their explicit consent, under GDPR Article 22(1) and (2). |
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| Digital Code, Book I: automated individual decision-making |
Do not base a decision that produces legal effects on a person, or significantly affects them, solely on automated processing of their personal data, including profiling, unless a statutory or consent-based exception applies with human-intervention, expression and contestation safeguards. |
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| LOPDP, automated decisions |
Do not make a decision based solely or partly on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal or similarly significant effects for a data subject, and give heightened protection where the data subject is a child or adolescent. Give children and adolescents the heightened protection article 21 provides against a decision based solely or partly on automated processing. |
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| GDPR Article 22, Automated Decisions in Estonia |
Give a person in Estonia a path to obtain human intervention, express their view, and contest a decision made solely by automated processing that produces a legal or similarly significant effect on them, under GDPR Article 22. Do not subject a person in Estonia to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects concerning them or similarly significantly affects them, unless the decision is necessary for entering into or performing a contract with them, is authorised by Union or Member State law that also lays down suitable measures to safeguard their rights, or rests on their explicit consent, under GDPR Article 22(1) and (2). |
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| Data Protection Act, 2022, automated decisions |
Do not base a decision that has a legal effect on a person, or that significantly affects them, solely on automated processing of their personal information intended to profile their personality or habits, except where taken under a contract at their request or under a law, code or scientific standard with safeguards in place. |
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| Personal Data Protection Proclamation, automated decisions |
Give a data subject the right not to be subject to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects concerning them or significantly affects them. Do not base an automated evaluation of personal aspects relating to an individual on sensitive personal data, and where an automated decision rests on a contract with the data subject or their explicit consent, put suitable measures in place to safeguard the data subject's rights, freedoms and legitimate interests. |
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| Anti-Money-Laundering Regulation, Customer Rights on Decisions Resulting from Automated Processes and AI Systems (Article 76(5)) from , in 8 months |
Subject any decision to enter or refuse to enter into or maintain a business relationship with a customer, or to carry out or refuse to carry out an occasional transaction for a customer, or to increase or decrease the extent of the customer due diligence measures applied pursuant to Article 20, to meaningful human intervention to ensure the accuracy and appropriateness of the decision (Article 76(5), point (b)). |
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| Consumer Credit Directive, Right to Human Intervention in an Automated Creditworthiness Assessment (Article 18(8)) from , in 6 days |
If your creditworthiness assessment involves the use of automated processing of personal data, give the consumer the right to request and obtain human intervention from you (Article 18(8)). |
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| GDPR Article 22, Automated Individual Decision-Making |
Do not subject a natural person to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects or similarly significantly affects them, unless it is necessary to enter into or perform a contract with them, is authorised by a law that itself safeguards their rights, or rests on their explicit consent. |
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| Platform Work Directive, Transparency, Human Oversight and Human Review of Automated Systems (Articles 9 to 11) from , in 3 weeks |
Oversee, and with the involvement of workers' representatives, regularly and in any event every two years, evaluate the impact of individual decisions taken or supported by automated monitoring systems and automated decision-making systems on persons performing platform work, including, where applicable, on their working conditions and equal treatment at work (Article 10(1)). Have any decision to restrict, suspend or terminate the contractual relationship or the account of a person performing platform work, or any other decision of equivalent detriment, taken by a human being (Article 10(5)). |
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| GDPR Article 22, Automated Decisions in Finland |
Where a decision based solely on automated processing about a person in Finland rests on a contract with them or on their explicit consent, put suitable safeguards in place, at least the right to obtain human intervention, to express their point of view and to contest the decision, under GDPR Article 22(3). Do not subject a person in Finland to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects concerning them or similarly significantly affects them, unless the decision is necessary for entering into or performing a contract with them, is authorised by Union or Member State law that also lays down suitable measures to safeguard their rights, or rests on their explicit consent, under GDPR Article 22(1) and (2). |
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| GDPR Article 22, Right Against Automated Individual Decision-Making |
Do not subject a person in France to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects concerning them or similarly significantly affects them, unless the decision is necessary for entering into or performing a contract with them, is authorised by Union or Member State law that also lays down suitable measures to safeguard their rights, or rests on their explicit consent, under GDPR Article 22(1) and (2). |
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| Personal Data Protection and Privacy Act, 2025, automated decision-making from a date not yet set |
Do not base a decision that produces legal effects for a person, or otherwise significantly affects them, solely on automated processing, including profiling. |
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| GDPR Article 22 and BDSG Sections 31 and 37, Automated Decisions and Credit Scoring in Germany |
Where a decision based solely on automated processing about a person in Germany rests on a contract with them or on their explicit consent, put suitable safeguards in place, at least the right to obtain human intervention, to express their point of view and to contest the decision, under GDPR Article 22(3). Do not subject a person in Germany to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects concerning them or similarly significantly affects them, unless the decision is necessary for entering into or performing a contract with them, is authorised by Union or Member State law that also lays down suitable measures to safeguard their rights, or rests on their explicit consent, under GDPR Article 22(1) and (2). |
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| GDPR Article 22, Automated Decisions in Greece |
Where a decision based solely on automated processing about a person in Greece rests on a contract with them or on their explicit consent, put suitable safeguards in place, at least the right to obtain human intervention, to express their point of view and to contest the decision, under GDPR Article 22(3). Do not subject a person in Greece to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects concerning them or similarly significantly affects them, unless the decision is necessary for entering into or performing a contract with them, is authorised by Union or Member State law that also lays down suitable measures to safeguard their rights, or rests on their explicit consent, under GDPR Article 22(1) and (2). |
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| GDPR Article 22, Automated Decisions in Hungary |
Do not subject a person in Hungary to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects concerning them or similarly significantly affects them, unless the decision is necessary for entering into or performing a contract with them, is authorised by Union or Member State law that also lays down suitable measures to safeguard their rights, or rests on their explicit consent, under GDPR Article 22(1) and (2). |
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| Act No. 90/2018 Article 22, Automated Decisions in Iceland |
Where a decision based solely on automated processing about a person in Iceland rests on a contract with them or on their explicit consent, put suitable safeguards in place, at least the right to obtain human intervention, to express their point of view and to contest the decision, under the incorporated GDPR Article 22(3). Do not subject a person in Iceland to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects concerning them or similarly significantly affects them, unless the decision is necessary for entering into or performing a contract with them, is authorised by a law that also lays down suitable measures to safeguard their rights, or rests on their explicit consent, under the incorporated GDPR Article 22(1) and (2). |
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| GDPR Article 22 and Data Protection Act 2018 Section 57, Automated Decision-Making in Ireland |
Where a decision based solely on automated processing about a person in Ireland rests on a contract with them or on their explicit consent, put suitable safeguards in place, at least the right to obtain human intervention, to express their point of view and to contest the decision, under GDPR Article 22(3). Do not subject a person in Ireland to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects concerning them or similarly significantly affects them, unless the decision is necessary for entering into or performing a contract with them, is authorised by Union or Member State law that also lays down suitable measures to safeguard their rights, or rests on their explicit consent, under GDPR Article 22(1) and (2). |
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| GDPR Article 22 and the Garante's OpenAI/ChatGPT Enforcement |
Do not subject a person in Italy to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects concerning them or similarly significantly affects them, unless the decision is necessary for entering into or performing a contract with them, is authorised by Union or Member State law that also lays down suitable measures to safeguard their rights, or rests on their explicit consent, under GDPR Article 22(1) and (2). |
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| Data Protection Act 2025, automated decisions |
Do not subject a data subject to a decision based solely on automated processing of personal data that produces a legal or similarly significant effect on them, unless the decision is necessary to a contract with them, authorised by a law with suitable safeguards, or authorised by their consent. |
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| Law No. 06/L-082 on Protection of Personal Data, automated decisions |
Do not subject a data subject to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects or similarly significantly affects them, unless a listed exception applies and you provide the required safeguards, including the right to obtain human intervention. |
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| GDPR Article 22, Automated Decisions in Latvia |
Give a person in Latvia a path to obtain human intervention, express their view, and contest a decision made solely by automated processing that produces a legal or similarly significant effect on them, under GDPR Article 22. Do not subject a person in Latvia to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects concerning them or similarly significantly affects them, unless the decision is necessary for entering into or performing a contract with them, is authorised by Union or Member State law that also lays down suitable measures to safeguard their rights, or rests on their explicit consent, under GDPR Article 22(1) and (2). |
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| Data Protection Act, 2011, automated decision making |
Do not base a decision that has a legal effect on a person, or that significantly affects them, solely on automated processing of their personal information intended to profile their personality or habits, except where taken under a contract at their request or under a law with safeguards in place. |
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| DSG Automated-Decision Rights in Liechtenstein |
Where a decision based solely on automated processing about a person in Liechtenstein rests on a contract with them or on their explicit consent, put suitable safeguards in place, at least the right to obtain human intervention, to express their point of view and to contest the decision, under GDPR Article 22(3) as incorporated into the EEA Agreement. Where a decision about a person in Liechtenstein is taken solely by automated processing within the insurance, due diligence, credit or investment-service matters listed in DSG Article 37(1), take suitable measures to protect their legitimate interests, at least the right to obtain human intervention, to state their point of view and to contest the decision, under DSG Article 37(2), unless the decision grants the person's request in an insurance matter or concerns due diligence. +1 more |
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| GDPR Article 22, Automated Decisions in Lithuania |
Where a decision based solely on automated processing about a person in Lithuania rests on a contract with them or on their explicit consent, put suitable safeguards in place, at least the right to obtain human intervention, to express their point of view and to contest the decision, under GDPR Article 22(3). Do not subject a person in Lithuania to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects concerning them or similarly significantly affects them, unless the decision is necessary for entering into or performing a contract with them, is authorised by Union or Member State law that also lays down suitable measures to safeguard their rights, or rests on their explicit consent, under GDPR Article 22(1) and (2). |
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| GDPR Article 22, Automated Decisions as Applied in Luxembourg |
Where a decision based solely on automated processing about a person in Luxembourg rests on a contract with them or on their explicit consent, put suitable safeguards in place, at least the right to obtain human intervention, to express their point of view and to contest the decision, under GDPR Article 22(3). Do not subject a person in Luxembourg to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects concerning them or similarly significantly affects them, unless the decision is necessary for entering into or performing a contract with them, is authorised by Union or Member State law that also lays down suitable measures to safeguard their rights, or rests on their explicit consent, under GDPR Article 22(1) and (2). |
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| Loi n° 2014-038, automated decisions |
Do not base an administrative or private decision assessing a person's conduct solely on automated profiling. |
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| Loi n° 2013-015, automated decisions |
Do not base a decision producing legal effects for a person solely on an automated processing designed to profile them or evaluate aspects of their personality. |
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| GDPR Article 22, Automated Decisions in Malta |
Where a decision based solely on automated processing about a person in Malta rests on a contract with them or on their explicit consent, put suitable safeguards in place, at least the right to obtain human intervention, to express their point of view and to contest the decision, under GDPR Article 22(3). Do not subject a person in Malta to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects concerning them or similarly significantly affects them, unless the decision is necessary for entering into or performing a contract with them, is authorised by Union or Member State law that also lays down suitable measures to safeguard their rights, or rests on their explicit consent, under GDPR Article 22(1) and (2). |
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| Loi n° 2017-020 du 22 juillet 2017, automated decisions |
Do not base a decision producing legal effects for a person solely on automated profiling or an automated evaluation of their personality. |
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| Moldova Law No. 195/2024, automated decisions |
Do not subject a person to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects concerning them or similarly significantly affects them, and where a carve-out applies, give them human intervention, a chance to express their point of view and a way to contest the decision. |
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| Loi n. 1.565 du 3 décembre 2024, automated decisions |
Do not base a decision that produces legal effects for a person or significantly affects them solely on automated processing, including profiling, unless a listed exception applies, and where it does, guarantee at least the right to obtain human intervention, express a view, and contest the decision. |
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| Law No. 09-08, automated decisions |
Do not base a decision producing legal effects on a person solely on automated processing meant to profile them or evaluate an aspect of their personality, except a decision taken in forming or performing a contract where the person could comment, or one that grants the person's own request. |
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| GDPR Article 22 and UAVG Article 40, Automated Decisions in the Netherlands |
Do not subject a person in the Netherlands to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects concerning them or similarly significantly affects them, unless the decision is necessary for entering into or performing a contract with them, is authorised by Union or Member State law that also lays down suitable measures to safeguard their rights, or rests on their explicit consent, under GDPR Article 22(1) and (2). |
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| Loi n° 2022-59, automated decisions |
Do not base an administrative or private decision assessing a person's behaviour or personality solely on automated processing, unless the person gave explicit consent, it is necessary to enter into or perform a contract with them, or a law or regulation otherwise authorizes it. |
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| Nigeria Data Protection Act, 2023 and GAID 2025, automated decisions |
Give a data subject the right not to be subject to a decision based solely on automated processes or algorithms. |
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| Law on Personal Data Protection (LPDP), automated individual decision-making |
Give a data subject the right not to be subject to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects concerning them or similarly significantly affects them, under Article 26. |
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| Personal Data Act, Automated Decisions in Norway |
Where a decision based solely on automated processing about a person in Norway rests on a contract with them or on their explicit consent, put suitable safeguards in place, at least the right to obtain human intervention, to express their point of view and to contest the decision, under the incorporated GDPR Article 22(3). Do not subject a person in Norway to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects concerning them or similarly significantly affects them, unless the decision is necessary for entering into or performing a contract with them, is authorised by a law that also lays down suitable measures to safeguard their rights, or rests on their explicit consent, under the incorporated GDPR Article 22(1) and (2). |
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| Ley 81 de 2019, automated decisions |
Do not subject a data subject to a decision based solely on automated processing of their personal data that produces a negative legal effect or a detriment to a right, unless they consented, the decision is necessary to perform a contract, or a special law authorizes it. |
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| Ley 29733, right to objective processing |
Do not base a decision that has legal effects on a person, or significantly affects them, solely on an automated evaluation of their personality or conduct, outside a contractual relationship or a public-entity entry evaluation, and let them state their own view. |
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| GDPR Article 22, Automated Decisions in Poland |
Do not subject a person in Poland to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects concerning them or similarly significantly affects them, unless the decision is necessary for entering into or performing a contract with them, is authorised by Union or Member State law that also lays down suitable measures to safeguard their rights, or rests on their explicit consent, under GDPR Article 22(1) and (2). |
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| GDPR Article 22, Automated Decisions in Portugal |
Give a person in Portugal a path to obtain human intervention, express their view, and contest a decision made solely by automated processing that produces a legal or similarly significant effect on them, under GDPR Article 22. Do not subject a person in Portugal to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects concerning them or similarly significantly affects them, unless the decision is necessary for entering into or performing a contract with them, is authorised by Union or Member State law that also lays down suitable measures to safeguard their rights, or rests on their explicit consent, under GDPR Article 22(1) and (2). |
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| Law No. 29-2019, automated decisions |
Do not base a decision producing legal effects for a person solely on automated processing intended to define their profile or evaluate aspects of their personality, unless the decision arises from concluding or performing a contract on which the person had a chance to comment, or it grants their own request. |
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| GDPR Article 22, Automated Decisions in Romania |
Do not subject a person in Romania to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects concerning them or similarly significantly affects them, unless the decision is necessary for entering into or performing a contract with them, is authorised by Union or Member State law that also lays down suitable measures to safeguard their rights, or rests on their explicit consent, under GDPR Article 22(1) and (2). |
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| Law N° 58/2021, automated decisions |
Do not subject a data subject to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal or other significant consequences for them, unless their explicit consent, contract necessity, or an authorising law with safeguards applies. |
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| San Marino Law No. 171, automated decisions |
Where a decision based solely on automated processing about a person in San Marino rests on a contract with them or on their explicit consent, put appropriate measures in place to safeguard their rights, freedoms and legitimate interests, at least the right to obtain human intervention, to express their point of view and to contest the decision, under Article 22(3) of Law No. 171 of 2018. |
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| Lei n.º 03/2016, automated decisions |
Do not subject a person to a decision that affects their legal situation or affects them significantly based solely on automated processing that assesses their personality, professional capacity, credit, trustworthiness or behavior, unless the decision is taken in connection with a contract and the person's request for the contract has been satisfied or appropriate measures safeguard their legitimate interests, or a law authorizing it establishes measures guaranteeing the data holder's legitimate rights and interests. |
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| Loi n° 2008-12 du 25 janvier 2008, automated decisions |
Do not base a decision producing legal effects for a person solely on automated profiling or an automated evaluation of their personality, except where they had the chance to make observations or the decision grants their own request. |
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| Law on Personal Data Protection, automated decisions |
Do not base a decision producing legal effects or significantly affecting a person solely on automated processing, including profiling, unless it is necessary for a contract with them, authorized by law with adequate safeguards, or based on their explicit consent, and even then give them the right to obtain human intervention, express their view, and contest the decision. |
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| GDPR Article 22, Automated Decisions in Slovakia |
Do not subject a person in Slovakia to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects concerning them or similarly significantly affects them, unless the decision is necessary for entering into or performing a contract with them, is authorised by Union or Member State law that also lays down suitable measures to safeguard their rights, or rests on their explicit consent, under GDPR Article 22(1) and (2). |
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| GDPR Article 22, Automated Decisions in Slovenia |
Do not subject a person in Slovenia to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects concerning them or similarly significantly affects them, unless the decision is necessary for entering into or performing a contract with them, is authorised by Union or Member State law that also lays down suitable measures to safeguard their rights, or rests on their explicit consent, under GDPR Article 22(1) and (2). |
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| Data Protection Act, 2023, automated decisions |
Do not base a decision that produces legal or similar significant effects on a person solely on automated processing, including profiling, unless a contract, a written law with safeguards, or the person's consent authorises it. |
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| POPIA, automated decisions |
Do not base a decision that has legal or substantially similar consequences for a person solely on automated processing of their personal information, unless the person can make representations about the decision and you have explained the underlying logic of the processing to them. |
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| GDPR Article 22 and LOPDGDD Article 11(2), Automated Decisions in Spain |
Do not subject a person in Spain to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects concerning them or similarly significantly affects them, unless the decision is necessary for entering into or performing a contract with them, is authorised by Union or Member State law that also lays down suitable measures to safeguard their rights, or rests on their explicit consent, under GDPR Article 22(1) and (2). |
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| Draft Law on the Protection of Privacy and Personal Data, automated decisions proposed |
Give a data subject the right not to be subject to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects for them or otherwise significantly affects them, unless a listed exception applies, and never base such a decision on special categories of personal data unless a narrow exception applies with appropriate safeguards. |
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| GDPR Article 22, Automated Decisions in Sweden |
Do not subject a person in Sweden to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects concerning them or similarly significantly affects them, unless the decision is necessary for entering into or performing a contract with them, is authorised by Union or Member State law that also lays down suitable measures to safeguard their rights, or rests on their explicit consent, under GDPR Article 22(1) and (2). |
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| Loi n° 2019-014, automated individual decisions |
Do not base a decision producing legal effects concerning a person solely on an automated evaluation of their personal characteristics or profile, except a contractual decision on which they could state their views or one granting their own request. |
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| Privacy Act 2025, automated decisions from a date not yet set |
Let a data subject avoid a decision based solely on automated processing. |
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| Data Protection and Privacy Act, 2019, automated decisions |
Do not base a decision that significantly affects a data subject solely on automated processing where they have given written notice against it, and where such a decision is made, notify the data subject and reconsider it within twenty-one days of their written request. |
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| Draft Law No. 8153, automated decision making proposed |
Do not base a decision that significantly affects a data subject in Ukraine solely on automated processing, including profiling, under Article 25. |
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| Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 Section 80, Automated Decision-Making, UK GDPR Articles 22A-22D |
Where you take a significant decision about a person in the United Kingdom based solely on automated processing of their personal data, have safeguards in place that give them information about the decision, let them make representations about it, let them obtain human intervention, and let them contest it, under UK GDPR Article 22C. Do not take a significant decision based solely on automated processing where your processing for it relies in any part on the recognised legitimate interests basis in UK GDPR Article 6(1)(ea), and base one on special category data only with the person's explicit consent, or where it is necessary for a contract or required or authorised by law and the Article 9(2)(g) substantial public interest condition applies, under UK GDPR Article 22B. |
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| Ley N° 18.331, automated decisions |
Let a data subject challenge, and obtain the valuation criteria and the program behind, any administrative act or private decision based solely on automated processing of their personal data that offers an assessment of their character or personality. |
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| Data Protection and Privacy Act 2024, automated decisions |
Do not subject a data subject to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling. |
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| Data Protection Act, 2021, automated decisions |
Do not subject a data subject to a decision based solely on automated processing that has legal or similarly significant effects without human intervention. Where an automated decision rests on a contract, a written law or explicit consent, put suitable safeguards in place, including the right to obtain human intervention, to put a point of view and to contest the decision, and do not process sensitive personal data automatically at all unless the data subject expressly consented, the processing is in the public interest, or a written law permits it with safeguards. |
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| Cyber and Data Protection Act, rights of the data subject |
Do not take a decision about a data subject on the basis of automatic data processing outside what section 25 allows, and deal with a child data subject through the representation section 26 provides. |
AI risk obligations
2 laws, 2 jurisdictions| Jurisdiction | Law | What it asks, as read here |
|---|---|---|
| AI Act, Article 14 (human oversight) from , in 13 months |
For a remote biometric identification system (Annex III point 1(a)), build your oversight measures so that no action or decision is taken on the identification result unless it has been separately verified and confirmed by at least two natural persons with the necessary competence, training and authority, except where the system is used for law enforcement, migration, border control or asylum and Union or national law treats that two-person requirement as disproportionate. |
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| Decreto Legislativo 160/2026, After-the-Fact Facial Recognition Integrated in Video Surveillance (Art. 10) |
Do not base a decision with adverse legal effects on the person concerned solely on facial-recognition results, and do not use the systems in an untargeted way or for generalised or indiscriminate biometric identification (art. 10, commi 10 and 11). |
AI sector rules
2 laws, 2 jurisdictions| Jurisdiction | Law | What it asks, as read here |
|---|---|---|
| FSC Fintech Series Guidance Notes 4, responsible use of artificial intelligence in financial services |
It reaches you if you are licensed by the Financial Services Commission of Mauritius as an insurer, a wealth manager or another non-bank financial institution (NBFI): the Commission says that, in accordance with section 38 of the Data Protection Act 2017, you are required to ensure that data subjects are informed that automated decision-making processes exist, that meaningful information is provided on their logic, criteria and significance, and that individuals can obtain human intervention, express their views and contest the outcome. |
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| Consumer Credit Act (2026:1011), Chapter 2 Section 7 and Chapter 3 Section 15, Personalised Offers and Credit Assessment by Automated Processing from , in 6 days |
If your credit assessment involves automated processing of personal data, on the consumer's request review the assessment through human involvement, explain it and the significance of the automated processing for the decision on the application, and inform the consumer of the risks of automated processing (Chapter 3, section 15, first paragraph). |
Comprehensive regime
2 laws, 2 jurisdictions| Jurisdiction | Law | What it asks, as read here |
|---|---|---|
| Data Protection Act 2021, comprehensive regime from a date not yet set |
Do not base a decision solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces a legal or similarly significant effect on a person, unless a contract, an authorising enactment with safeguards, or the person's consent applies, and never for sensitive personal data outside the public interest. |
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| Data Protection Act 2021 Revision, application, principles and data subject rights |
Do not base a decision that significantly affects a data subject solely on automated processing of their personal data without notifying them and honouring a request to reconsider. |
Interception and recording consent
1 law, 1 jurisdiction| Jurisdiction | Law | What it asks, as read here |
|---|---|---|
| Temporary Derogation for Detecting Online Child Sexual Abuse in Messaging Services |
Establish internal procedures to prevent abuse of, unauthorized access to and unauthorized transfers of personal and other data, and ensure human oversight of and, where necessary, human intervention in the processing (Article 3(1), point (g)(i) and (ii)). Do not report material not previously identified as online child sexual abuse material, or solicitation of children, to law enforcement authorities or to organizations acting in the public interest against child sexual abuse without prior human confirmation (Article 3(1), point (g)(iii)). |
Sensitive categories
1 law, 1 jurisdiction| Jurisdiction | Law | What it asks, as read here |
|---|---|---|
| Cyber and Data Protection Regulations 2024, children's information and automated decisions |
Obtain the consent of a parent or legal guardian before processing a child's personal information, and do not subject a child's data to automated decision-making that affects the child's rights. Do not subject any data subject to a decision based solely on automated processing which produces legal effects concerning them, without their consent or a provision established by law. |
Full text of the NIST Privacy Framework, public domain (a US government work). Every control of the framework.