Law / Frameworks / Crosswalk / MIT mitigations to OWASP LLM Top 10

The MIT AI Risk Mitigation Taxonomy, mapped to the OWASP Top 10 for LLM Applications

15 of MIT mitigations' controls connect to 5 of OWASP LLM Top 10's through 224 laws in 125 jurisdictions. Two controls connect when the same duties, in at least 2 laws we track, reach both. The connections are our own reading of the law; no framework publisher has reviewed or endorsed them.

From: MIT AI Risk Mitigation Taxonomy, preliminary taxonomy, July 2025, MIT AI Risk Initiative
To: OWASP Top 10 for LLM Applications, 2026 edition, August 2026, OWASP GenAI Security Project
See also: OWASP LLM Top 10 to MIT mitigations, the other way · every pair in the crosswalk · law library as of 19 Oct 2026

Download this mapping, with every law behind each connection: owasp-llm-top-10--mit-ai-risk-mitigations.csv · owasp-llm-top-10--mit-ai-risk-mitigations.json

MIT mitigations	OWASP LLM Top 10	Laws	Jurisdictions	Where the laws stand
1.1Board Structure & Oversight	LLM03:2026Excessive Agency	78	37	50 in force, 27 not yet in force, 1 proposed
1.1Board Structure & Oversight	The 78 laws behind 1.1 and LLM03:2026 SB 63 (2026), Artificial Intelligence in Health Insurance Prior Authorization, Alabama Clinical Decision Support Systems Bias Mitigation Act (SB 503), California from 1 Jan 2027, in 2 months Employment Automated Decision Systems Act (SB 947), California from 1 Jul 2027, in 8 months Health Care Services Artificial Intelligence Act (AB 1979), California from 1 Jan 2027, in 2 months Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act (SB 53), California CSA Staff Notice 31-342, guidance for portfolio managers regarding online advice, Canada OSFI Guideline E-23, Enterprise-Wide Model Risk Management for Deposit-Taking Institutions (2017), Canada OSFI Guideline E-23, Model Risk Management (2027), Canada from 1 May 2027, in 6 months Amended Regulation 10-1-1 (2025), Governance and Risk Management Framework for Insurers' Use of External Consumer Data and Information Sources, Algorithms, and Predictive Models, Colorado HB 26-1139 (2026), Use of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care, Colorado from 1 Jan 2027, in 2 months and 68 more, every one in the free file.
1.2Risk Management	LLM03:2026Excessive Agency	78	37	50 in force, 27 not yet in force, 1 proposed
1.2Risk Management	The 78 laws behind 1.2 and LLM03:2026 SB 63 (2026), Artificial Intelligence in Health Insurance Prior Authorization, Alabama Clinical Decision Support Systems Bias Mitigation Act (SB 503), California from 1 Jan 2027, in 2 months Employment Automated Decision Systems Act (SB 947), California from 1 Jul 2027, in 8 months Health Care Services Artificial Intelligence Act (AB 1979), California from 1 Jan 2027, in 2 months Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act (SB 53), California CSA Staff Notice 31-342, guidance for portfolio managers regarding online advice, Canada OSFI Guideline E-23, Enterprise-Wide Model Risk Management for Deposit-Taking Institutions (2017), Canada OSFI Guideline E-23, Model Risk Management (2027), Canada from 1 May 2027, in 6 months Amended Regulation 10-1-1 (2025), Governance and Risk Management Framework for Insurers' Use of External Consumer Data and Information Sources, Algorithms, and Predictive Models, Colorado HB 26-1139 (2026), Use of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care, Colorado from 1 Jan 2027, in 2 months and 68 more, every one in the free file.
2.1Model & Infrastructure Security	LLM03:2026Excessive Agency	146	108	143 in force, 3 not yet in force
	The 146 laws behind 2.1 and LLM03:2026 Penal Code, Part Twelve, Chapter One (Cyber Crimes and Punishment), Afghanistan Alabama Digital Crime Act, Computer Tampering, Alabama Criminal mischief in the fourth degree, unauthorized computer access, Alaska Criminal use of a computer, Alaska Theft of services, unauthorized use of a computer system, Alaska Copyright Law, Sui Generis Database Producers Rights, Albania Criminal Code, Unauthorized Computer Access, Albania Code pénal, atteintes aux systèmes de traitement automatisé de données, Algeria Ordonnance n° 03-05, exception de citation, Algeria Ordonnance n° 03-05, protection des bases de données, Algeria and 136 more, every one in the free file.
	LLM01:2026Prompt Injection	3	2	2 in force, 1 not yet in force
	The 3 laws behind 2.1 and LLM01:2026 AI Act, Article 15 (accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months MiFID II Algorithmic Trading Controls: Resilient Systems, Testing, Kill Functionality, Records and Notification (Article 17 and RTS 6), European Union Codice Penale Art. 437-bis, Omitted Safety Measures in High-Risk AI Systems and Unlawful Alteration of Them, Italy
	LLM02:2026Sensitive Information Disclosure	3	2	2 in force, 1 not yet in force
	The 3 laws behind 2.1 and LLM02:2026 AI Act, Article 15 (accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months MiFID II Algorithmic Trading Controls: Resilient Systems, Testing, Kill Functionality, Records and Notification (Article 17 and RTS 6), European Union Codice Penale Art. 437-bis, Omitted Safety Measures in High-Risk AI Systems and Unlawful Alteration of Them, Italy
	LLM04:2026Supply Chain	3	2	2 in force, 1 not yet in force
	The 3 laws behind 2.1 and LLM04:2026 AI Act, Article 15 (accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months MiFID II Algorithmic Trading Controls: Resilient Systems, Testing, Kill Functionality, Records and Notification (Article 17 and RTS 6), European Union Codice Penale Art. 437-bis, Omitted Safety Measures in High-Risk AI Systems and Unlawful Alteration of Them, Italy
	LLM05:2026Data and Model Poisoning	3	2	2 in force, 1 not yet in force
	The 3 laws behind 2.1 and LLM05:2026 AI Act, Article 15 (accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months MiFID II Algorithmic Trading Controls: Resilient Systems, Testing, Kill Functionality, Records and Notification (Article 17 and RTS 6), European Union Codice Penale Art. 437-bis, Omitted Safety Measures in High-Risk AI Systems and Unlawful Alteration of Them, Italy
2.3Model Safety Engineering	LLM01:2026Prompt Injection	3	2	2 in force, 1 not yet in force
	The 3 laws behind 2.3 and LLM01:2026 AI Act, Article 15 (accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months MiFID II Algorithmic Trading Controls: Resilient Systems, Testing, Kill Functionality, Records and Notification (Article 17 and RTS 6), European Union Codice Penale Art. 437-bis, Omitted Safety Measures in High-Risk AI Systems and Unlawful Alteration of Them, Italy
	LLM02:2026Sensitive Information Disclosure	3	2	2 in force, 1 not yet in force
	The 3 laws behind 2.3 and LLM02:2026 AI Act, Article 15 (accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months MiFID II Algorithmic Trading Controls: Resilient Systems, Testing, Kill Functionality, Records and Notification (Article 17 and RTS 6), European Union Codice Penale Art. 437-bis, Omitted Safety Measures in High-Risk AI Systems and Unlawful Alteration of Them, Italy
	LLM04:2026Supply Chain	3	2	2 in force, 1 not yet in force
	The 3 laws behind 2.3 and LLM04:2026 AI Act, Article 15 (accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months MiFID II Algorithmic Trading Controls: Resilient Systems, Testing, Kill Functionality, Records and Notification (Article 17 and RTS 6), European Union Codice Penale Art. 437-bis, Omitted Safety Measures in High-Risk AI Systems and Unlawful Alteration of Them, Italy
	LLM05:2026Data and Model Poisoning	3	2	2 in force, 1 not yet in force
	The 3 laws behind 2.3 and LLM05:2026 AI Act, Article 15 (accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months MiFID II Algorithmic Trading Controls: Resilient Systems, Testing, Kill Functionality, Records and Notification (Article 17 and RTS 6), European Union Codice Penale Art. 437-bis, Omitted Safety Measures in High-Risk AI Systems and Unlawful Alteration of Them, Italy
3.1Testing & Auditing	LLM01:2026Prompt Injection	3	2	2 in force, 1 not yet in force
	The 3 laws behind 3.1 and LLM01:2026 AI Act, Article 15 (accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months MiFID II Algorithmic Trading Controls: Resilient Systems, Testing, Kill Functionality, Records and Notification (Article 17 and RTS 6), European Union Codice Penale Art. 437-bis, Omitted Safety Measures in High-Risk AI Systems and Unlawful Alteration of Them, Italy
	LLM02:2026Sensitive Information Disclosure	3	2	2 in force, 1 not yet in force
	The 3 laws behind 3.1 and LLM02:2026 AI Act, Article 15 (accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months MiFID II Algorithmic Trading Controls: Resilient Systems, Testing, Kill Functionality, Records and Notification (Article 17 and RTS 6), European Union Codice Penale Art. 437-bis, Omitted Safety Measures in High-Risk AI Systems and Unlawful Alteration of Them, Italy
	LLM04:2026Supply Chain	3	2	2 in force, 1 not yet in force
	The 3 laws behind 3.1 and LLM04:2026 AI Act, Article 15 (accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months MiFID II Algorithmic Trading Controls: Resilient Systems, Testing, Kill Functionality, Records and Notification (Article 17 and RTS 6), European Union Codice Penale Art. 437-bis, Omitted Safety Measures in High-Risk AI Systems and Unlawful Alteration of Them, Italy
	LLM05:2026Data and Model Poisoning	3	2	2 in force, 1 not yet in force
	The 3 laws behind 3.1 and LLM05:2026 AI Act, Article 15 (accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months MiFID II Algorithmic Trading Controls: Resilient Systems, Testing, Kill Functionality, Records and Notification (Article 17 and RTS 6), European Union Codice Penale Art. 437-bis, Omitted Safety Measures in High-Risk AI Systems and Unlawful Alteration of Them, Italy
	LLM03:2026Excessive Agency	2	1	2 in force
	The 2 laws behind 3.1 and LLM03:2026 Codice Penale Art. 437-bis, Omitted Safety Measures in High-Risk AI Systems and Unlawful Alteration of Them, Italy Decreto Legislativo 160/2026, After-the-Fact Facial Recognition Integrated in Video Surveillance (Art. 10), Italy
3.2Data Governance	LLM03:2026Excessive Agency	151	108	146 in force, 5 not yet in force
3.2Data Governance	The 151 laws behind 3.2 and LLM03:2026 Penal Code, Part Twelve, Chapter One (Cyber Crimes and Punishment), Afghanistan Alabama Digital Crime Act, Computer Tampering, Alabama Criminal mischief in the fourth degree, unauthorized computer access, Alaska Criminal use of a computer, Alaska Theft of services, unauthorized use of a computer system, Alaska Copyright Law, Sui Generis Database Producers Rights, Albania Criminal Code, Unauthorized Computer Access, Albania Code pénal, atteintes aux systèmes de traitement automatisé de données, Algeria Ordonnance n° 03-05, exception de citation, Algeria Ordonnance n° 03-05, protection des bases de données, Algeria and 141 more, every one in the free file.
3.3Access Management	LLM03:2026Excessive Agency	4	2	2 in force, 2 not yet in force
3.3Access Management	The 4 laws behind 3.3 and LLM03:2026 AI Act, Article 14 (human oversight), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months AI Act, Article 26(10) (post-remote biometric identification authorisation), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months Decreto Legislativo 160/2026, After-the-Fact Facial Recognition Integrated in Video Surveillance (Art. 10), Italy Decreto Legislativo 160/2026, Police Biometric AI: Dataset Labelling and Real-Time Remote Identification (Artt. 7-9, 13), Italy
3.5Post-deployment Monitoring	LLM03:2026Excessive Agency	78	37	50 in force, 27 not yet in force, 1 proposed
3.5Post-deployment Monitoring	The 78 laws behind 3.5 and LLM03:2026 SB 63 (2026), Artificial Intelligence in Health Insurance Prior Authorization, Alabama Clinical Decision Support Systems Bias Mitigation Act (SB 503), California from 1 Jan 2027, in 2 months Employment Automated Decision Systems Act (SB 947), California from 1 Jul 2027, in 8 months Health Care Services Artificial Intelligence Act (AB 1979), California from 1 Jan 2027, in 2 months Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act (SB 53), California CSA Staff Notice 31-342, guidance for portfolio managers regarding online advice, Canada OSFI Guideline E-23, Enterprise-Wide Model Risk Management for Deposit-Taking Institutions (2017), Canada OSFI Guideline E-23, Model Risk Management (2027), Canada from 1 May 2027, in 6 months Amended Regulation 10-1-1 (2025), Governance and Risk Management Framework for Insurers' Use of External Consumer Data and Information Sources, Algorithms, and Predictive Models, Colorado HB 26-1139 (2026), Use of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care, Colorado from 1 Jan 2027, in 2 months and 68 more, every one in the free file.
3.6Incident Response & Recovery	LLM01:2026Prompt Injection	3	2	2 in force, 1 not yet in force
	The 3 laws behind 3.6 and LLM01:2026 AI Act, Article 15 (accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months MiFID II Algorithmic Trading Controls: Resilient Systems, Testing, Kill Functionality, Records and Notification (Article 17 and RTS 6), European Union Codice Penale Art. 437-bis, Omitted Safety Measures in High-Risk AI Systems and Unlawful Alteration of Them, Italy
	LLM02:2026Sensitive Information Disclosure	3	2	2 in force, 1 not yet in force
	The 3 laws behind 3.6 and LLM02:2026 AI Act, Article 15 (accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months MiFID II Algorithmic Trading Controls: Resilient Systems, Testing, Kill Functionality, Records and Notification (Article 17 and RTS 6), European Union Codice Penale Art. 437-bis, Omitted Safety Measures in High-Risk AI Systems and Unlawful Alteration of Them, Italy
	LLM04:2026Supply Chain	3	2	2 in force, 1 not yet in force
	The 3 laws behind 3.6 and LLM04:2026 AI Act, Article 15 (accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months MiFID II Algorithmic Trading Controls: Resilient Systems, Testing, Kill Functionality, Records and Notification (Article 17 and RTS 6), European Union Codice Penale Art. 437-bis, Omitted Safety Measures in High-Risk AI Systems and Unlawful Alteration of Them, Italy
	LLM05:2026Data and Model Poisoning	3	2	2 in force, 1 not yet in force
	The 3 laws behind 3.6 and LLM05:2026 AI Act, Article 15 (accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months MiFID II Algorithmic Trading Controls: Resilient Systems, Testing, Kill Functionality, Records and Notification (Article 17 and RTS 6), European Union Codice Penale Art. 437-bis, Omitted Safety Measures in High-Risk AI Systems and Unlawful Alteration of Them, Italy
4.1System Documentation	LLM03:2026Excessive Agency	80	38	52 in force, 27 not yet in force, 1 proposed
4.1System Documentation	The 80 laws behind 4.1 and LLM03:2026 SB 63 (2026), Artificial Intelligence in Health Insurance Prior Authorization, Alabama Clinical Decision Support Systems Bias Mitigation Act (SB 503), California from 1 Jan 2027, in 2 months Employment Automated Decision Systems Act (SB 947), California from 1 Jul 2027, in 8 months Health Care Services Artificial Intelligence Act (AB 1979), California from 1 Jan 2027, in 2 months Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act (SB 53), California CSA Staff Notice 31-342, guidance for portfolio managers regarding online advice, Canada OSFI Guideline E-23, Enterprise-Wide Model Risk Management for Deposit-Taking Institutions (2017), Canada OSFI Guideline E-23, Model Risk Management (2027), Canada from 1 May 2027, in 6 months Amended Regulation 10-1-1 (2025), Governance and Risk Management Framework for Insurers' Use of External Consumer Data and Information Sources, Algorithms, and Predictive Models, Colorado HB 26-1139 (2026), Use of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care, Colorado from 1 Jan 2027, in 2 months and 70 more, every one in the free file.
4.2Risk Disclosure	LLM03:2026Excessive Agency	15	11	11 in force, 3 not yet in force, 1 proposed
4.2Risk Disclosure	The 15 laws behind 4.2 and LLM03:2026 SB 63 (2026), Artificial Intelligence in Health Insurance Prior Authorization, Alabama Amended Regulation 10-1-1 (2025), Governance and Risk Management Framework for Insurers' Use of External Consumer Data and Information Sources, Algorithms, and Predictive Models, Colorado HB 26-1139 (2026), Use of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care, Colorado from 1 Jan 2027, in 2 months AI Act, Article 16 (obligations of providers of high-risk AI systems), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months AI Act, Article 26(10) (post-remote biometric identification authorisation), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months AI Act, Articles 60 and 61 (testing in real world conditions outside AI regulatory sandboxes, with informed consent), European Union MiFID II Algorithmic Trading Controls: Resilient Systems, Testing, Kill Functionality, Records and Notification (Article 17 and RTS 6), European Union Gesetz zur Marktüberwachung und Innovationsförderung von künstlicher Intelligenz (KI-MIG), AI Market Surveillance and Innovation Promotion Act, Germany Government Decree 344/2025 Implementing the Hungarian AI Act: Designated Authorities, Notified-Body Reports and Fine Ceilings, Hungary Practice Direction No. 1 of 2025, Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Court Proceedings, Jamaica and 5 more, every one in the free file.
4.3Incident Reporting	LLM03:2026Excessive Agency	12	9	9 in force, 2 not yet in force, 1 proposed
4.3Incident Reporting	The 12 laws behind 4.3 and LLM03:2026 SB 63 (2026), Artificial Intelligence in Health Insurance Prior Authorization, Alabama Amended Regulation 10-1-1 (2025), Governance and Risk Management Framework for Insurers' Use of External Consumer Data and Information Sources, Algorithms, and Predictive Models, Colorado HB 26-1139 (2026), Use of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care, Colorado from 1 Jan 2027, in 2 months AI Act, Article 26(10) (post-remote biometric identification authorisation), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months AI Act, Articles 60 and 61 (testing in real world conditions outside AI regulatory sandboxes, with informed consent), European Union MiFID II Algorithmic Trading Controls: Resilient Systems, Testing, Kill Functionality, Records and Notification (Article 17 and RTS 6), European Union Gesetz zur Marktüberwachung und Innovationsförderung von künstlicher Intelligenz (KI-MIG), AI Market Surveillance and Innovation Promotion Act, Germany Government Decree 344/2025 Implementing the Hungarian AI Act: Designated Authorities, Notified-Body Reports and Fine Ceilings, Hungary Central Bank of Jordan Artificial Intelligence Framework for the Banking Sector, Version 1.0, Jordan Financial Services (Robotic and Artificial Intelligence Enabled Advisory Services) Rules 2021, Mauritius and 2 more, every one in the free file.
4.4Governance Disclosure	LLM03:2026Excessive Agency	3	3	2 in force, 1 not yet in force
4.4Governance Disclosure	The 3 laws behind 4.4 and LLM03:2026 AI Act, Article 16 (obligations of providers of high-risk AI systems), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months Financial Services (Robotic and Artificial Intelligence Enabled Advisory Services) Rules 2021, Mauritius Digital Transformation Act 2025, ICT service permit for AI and AI-related data services, Vanuatu
4.5Third-Party System Access	LLM03:2026Excessive Agency	12	9	9 in force, 2 not yet in force, 1 proposed
4.5Third-Party System Access	The 12 laws behind 4.5 and LLM03:2026 SB 63 (2026), Artificial Intelligence in Health Insurance Prior Authorization, Alabama Amended Regulation 10-1-1 (2025), Governance and Risk Management Framework for Insurers' Use of External Consumer Data and Information Sources, Algorithms, and Predictive Models, Colorado HB 26-1139 (2026), Use of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care, Colorado from 1 Jan 2027, in 2 months AI Act, Article 26(10) (post-remote biometric identification authorisation), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months AI Act, Articles 60 and 61 (testing in real world conditions outside AI regulatory sandboxes, with informed consent), European Union MiFID II Algorithmic Trading Controls: Resilient Systems, Testing, Kill Functionality, Records and Notification (Article 17 and RTS 6), European Union Gesetz zur Marktüberwachung und Innovationsförderung von künstlicher Intelligenz (KI-MIG), AI Market Surveillance and Innovation Promotion Act, Germany Government Decree 344/2025 Implementing the Hungarian AI Act: Designated Authorities, Notified-Body Reports and Fine Ceilings, Hungary Central Bank of Jordan Artificial Intelligence Framework for the Banking Sector, Version 1.0, Jordan Financial Services (Robotic and Artificial Intelligence Enabled Advisory Services) Rules 2021, Mauritius and 2 more, every one in the free file.
4.6User Rights & Recourse	LLM03:2026Excessive Agency	2	2	2 in force
4.6User Rights & Recourse	The 2 laws behind 4.6 and LLM03:2026 Practice Direction No. 1 of 2025, Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Court Proceedings, Jamaica Central Bank of Jordan Artificial Intelligence Framework for the Banking Sector, Version 1.0, Jordan

Not connected to the OWASP LLM Top 10: 8 of MIT mitigations' controls

Short of 2 laws

The same duties reach these and a OWASP LLM Top 10 control, in fewer than 2 of the laws we track.

1.7 Societal Impact Assessment: with LLM03:2026 through Decreto Legislativo 160/2026, After-the-Fact Facial Recognition Integrated in Video Surveillance (Art. 10), Italy

No OWASP LLM Top 10 control on the same duties

Laws reach these, but no duty that reaches one of them also reaches a OWASP LLM Top 10 control.

1.5 Safety Decision Frameworks, 143 laws
2.4 Content Safety Controls, 43 laws

No law we track reaches these

No duty in the laws we track reaches these controls.

1.3 Conflict of Interest Protections
1.4 Whistleblower Reporting & Protection
1.6 Environmental Impact Management
2.2 Model Alignment
3.4 Staged Deployment

How these connections are drawn

Each requirement line in the laws we track is read against the framework for its subject (the AI, scraping and news aggregation laws against the NIST AI RMF, the privacy, communications and age assurance laws against the NIST Privacy Framework, the cybersecurity laws against the NIST CSF 2.0); laws on liability and content moderation are not read against any framework yet. A line reaches either framework through a kind of duty its law carries, and only where that kind of duty also reaches, on that same line, the NIST framework for the line's own subject. Two controls connect when lines in at least 2 laws reach both. That says the same duties reach both; it does not say the two are alike, or that running either one does what a law asks.

Every duty line in the AI, scraping and news aggregation laws we track has been read against the framework for its subject.

Sources and licenses

MIT AI Risk Initiative (MIT FutureTech), AI Risk Mitigation Taxonomy. Data from the MIT AI Risk Initiative is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Cite as: Mapping AI Risk Mitigations: Evidence Scan & Draft Mitigation Taxonomy

OWASP GenAI Security Project, OWASP Top 10 for LLM Applications 2026, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Excerpted: only the first paragraph of each entry's Description is reproduced, verbatim.