Law / Frameworks / Crosswalk / OWASP LLM Top 10 to NIST AI RMF

The OWASP Top 10 for LLM Applications, mapped to the NIST AI Risk Management Framework

5 of OWASP LLM Top 10's controls connect to 18 of NIST AI RMF's through 224 laws in 125 jurisdictions. Two controls connect when the same duties, in at least 2 laws we track, reach both. The connections are our own reading of the law; no framework publisher has reviewed or endorsed them.

From: OWASP Top 10 for LLM Applications, 2026 edition, August 2026, OWASP GenAI Security Project
To: NIST AI Risk Management Framework, version 1.0, January 2023 (NIST AI 100-1), National Institute of Standards and Technology
See also: NIST AI RMF to OWASP LLM Top 10, the other way · every pair in the crosswalk · law library as of 19 Oct 2026

Download this mapping, with every law behind each connection: nist-ai-rmf--owasp-llm-top-10.csv · nist-ai-rmf--owasp-llm-top-10.json

OWASP LLM Top 10	NIST AI RMF	Laws	Jurisdictions	Where the laws stand
LLM01:2026Prompt Injection	MEASURE 2.6The AI system is evaluated regularly for safety risks – as identified in the MAP...	3	2	2 in force, 1 not yet in force
	The 3 laws behind LLM01:2026 and MEASURE 2.6 AI Act, Article 15 (accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months MiFID II Algorithmic Trading Controls: Resilient Systems, Testing, Kill Functionality, Records and Notification (Article 17 and RTS 6), European Union Codice Penale Art. 437-bis, Omitted Safety Measures in High-Risk AI Systems and Unlawful Alteration of Them, Italy
	MEASURE 2.5The AI system to be deployed is demonstrated to be valid and reliable. Limitations of...	2	1	1 in force, 1 not yet in force
	The 2 laws behind LLM01:2026 and MEASURE 2.5 AI Act, Article 15 (accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months MiFID II Algorithmic Trading Controls: Resilient Systems, Testing, Kill Functionality, Records and Notification (Article 17 and RTS 6), European Union
	MEASURE 2.7AI system security and resilience – as identified in the MAP function – are evaluated...	2	1	1 in force, 1 not yet in force
	The 2 laws behind LLM01:2026 and MEASURE 2.7 AI Act, Article 15 (accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months MiFID II Algorithmic Trading Controls: Resilient Systems, Testing, Kill Functionality, Records and Notification (Article 17 and RTS 6), European Union
LLM02:2026Sensitive Information Disclosure	MEASURE 2.6The AI system is evaluated regularly for safety risks – as identified in the MAP...	3	2	2 in force, 1 not yet in force
	The 3 laws behind LLM02:2026 and MEASURE 2.6 AI Act, Article 15 (accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months MiFID II Algorithmic Trading Controls: Resilient Systems, Testing, Kill Functionality, Records and Notification (Article 17 and RTS 6), European Union Codice Penale Art. 437-bis, Omitted Safety Measures in High-Risk AI Systems and Unlawful Alteration of Them, Italy
	MEASURE 2.5The AI system to be deployed is demonstrated to be valid and reliable. Limitations of...	2	1	1 in force, 1 not yet in force
	The 2 laws behind LLM02:2026 and MEASURE 2.5 AI Act, Article 15 (accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months MiFID II Algorithmic Trading Controls: Resilient Systems, Testing, Kill Functionality, Records and Notification (Article 17 and RTS 6), European Union
	MEASURE 2.7AI system security and resilience – as identified in the MAP function – are evaluated...	2	1	1 in force, 1 not yet in force
	The 2 laws behind LLM02:2026 and MEASURE 2.7 AI Act, Article 15 (accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months MiFID II Algorithmic Trading Controls: Resilient Systems, Testing, Kill Functionality, Records and Notification (Article 17 and RTS 6), European Union
LLM03:2026Excessive Agency	MAP 4.1Approaches for mapping AI technology and legal risks of its components – including the...	146	107	143 in force, 3 not yet in force
	The 146 laws behind LLM03:2026 and MAP 4.1 Penal Code, Part Twelve, Chapter One (Cyber Crimes and Punishment), Afghanistan Alabama Digital Crime Act, Computer Tampering, Alabama Criminal mischief in the fourth degree, unauthorized computer access, Alaska Criminal use of a computer, Alaska Theft of services, unauthorized use of a computer system, Alaska Copyright Law, Sui Generis Database Producers Rights, Albania Criminal Code, Unauthorized Computer Access, Albania Code pénal, atteintes aux systèmes de traitement automatisé de données, Algeria Ordonnance n° 03-05, exception de citation, Algeria Ordonnance n° 03-05, protection des bases de données, Algeria and 136 more, every one in the free file.
	GOVERN 1.1Legal and regulatory requirements involving AI are understood, managed, and documented.	38	20	28 in force, 9 not yet in force, 1 proposed
	The 38 laws behind LLM03:2026 and GOVERN 1.1 SB 63 (2026), Artificial Intelligence in Health Insurance Prior Authorization, Alabama Amended Regulation 10-1-1 (2025), Governance and Risk Management Framework for Insurers' Use of External Consumer Data and Information Sources, Algorithms, and Predictive Models, Colorado HB 26-1139 (2026), Use of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care, Colorado from 1 Jan 2027, in 2 months Lov nr. 467 af 14. maj 2025, National Competent Authorities and Article 5 Enforcement, Denmark Resolución ANIA 0001/2025, registro obligatorio para decisiones consecuenciales, El Salvador AI Act, Article 111(2) (2030 compliance deadline for public-authority-intended systems), European Union from 2 Aug 2030, in 3.8 years AI Act, Article 16 (obligations of providers of high-risk AI systems), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months AI Act, Article 18 (documentation keeping), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months AI Act, Article 21(2) (competent authority access to automatically generated logs), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months AI Act, Article 22(3), points (b) and (c) (authorised representative: documents held for 10 years and access to logs), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months and 28 more, every one in the free file.
	MAP 3.5Processes for human oversight are defined, assessed, and documented in accordance with...	25	18	17 in force, 8 not yet in force
	The 25 laws behind LLM03:2026 and MAP 3.5 SB 63 (2026), Artificial Intelligence in Health Insurance Prior Authorization, Alabama Employment Automated Decision Systems Act (SB 947), California from 1 Jul 2027, in 8 months Health Care Services Artificial Intelligence Act (AB 1979), California from 1 Jan 2027, in 2 months CSA Staff Notice 31-342, guidance for portfolio managers regarding online advice, Canada HB 26-1139 (2026), Use of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care, Colorado from 1 Jan 2027, in 2 months AI Act, Article 14 (human oversight), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months AI Act, Article 26(10) (post-remote biometric identification authorisation), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months AI Act, Articles 60 and 61 (testing in real world conditions outside AI regulatory sandboxes, with informed consent), European Union EBA Guidelines on loan origination and monitoring (EBA/GL/2020/06), automated models and model governance, European Union Private Review Agent Artificial Intelligence Coverage Determinations Act (SB 444), Georgia from 1 Jan 2027, in 2 months and 15 more, every one in the free file.
	MEASURE 2.4The functionality and behavior of the AI system and its components – as identified in...	22	11	12 in force, 10 not yet in force
	The 22 laws behind LLM03:2026 and MEASURE 2.4 Clinical Decision Support Systems Bias Mitigation Act (SB 503), California from 1 Jan 2027, in 2 months OSFI Guideline E-23, Model Risk Management (2027), Canada from 1 May 2027, in 6 months HB 26-1139 (2026), Use of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care, Colorado from 1 Jan 2027, in 2 months AI Act, Article 12 (record-keeping), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months AI Act, Article 19 (automatically generated logs), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months AI Act, Article 26(1) to (5) (deployer use, human oversight, input data and monitoring), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months AI Act, Article 26(10) (post-remote biometric identification authorisation), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months AI Act, Article 26(6) (deployer log-keeping), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months AI Act, Article 6(2) and Annex III, point 5(b) (creditworthiness and credit-scoring systems: provider duties), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months AI Act, Article 72 (post-market monitoring by providers and post-market monitoring plan), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months and 12 more, every one in the free file.
	GOVERN 1.4The risk management process and its outcomes are established through transparent...	17	12	11 in force, 6 not yet in force
	The 17 laws behind LLM03:2026 and GOVERN 1.4 Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act (SB 53), California OSFI Guideline E-23, Enterprise-Wide Model Risk Management for Deposit-Taking Institutions (2017), Canada OSFI Guideline E-23, Model Risk Management (2027), Canada from 1 May 2027, in 6 months Amended Regulation 10-1-1 (2025), Governance and Risk Management Framework for Insurers' Use of External Consumer Data and Information Sources, Algorithms, and Predictive Models, Colorado AI Act, Article 17 (quality management system), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months AI Act, Article 6(2) and Annex III, point 5(b) (creditworthiness and credit-scoring systems: provider duties), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months AI Act, Article 9 (risk management system), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months EBA Guidelines on loan origination and monitoring (EBA/GL/2020/06), automated models and model governance, European Union Artificial Intelligence Safety Measures Act, Illinois from 1 Jan 2027, in 2 months Digital Code, Chapter 23: AI system design and risk-management obligations, Kyrgyzstan and 7 more, every one in the free file.
	MAP 2.3Scientific integrity and TEVV considerations are identified and documented, including...	12	9	8 in force, 4 not yet in force
	The 12 laws behind LLM03:2026 and MAP 2.3 SB 63 (2026), Artificial Intelligence in Health Insurance Prior Authorization, Alabama OSFI Guideline E-23, Model Risk Management (2027), Canada from 1 May 2027, in 6 months HB 26-1139 (2026), Use of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care, Colorado from 1 Jan 2027, in 2 months AI Act, Article 10 (data and data governance), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months AI Act, Article 26(1) to (5) (deployer use, human oversight, input data and monitoring), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months AI Act, Article 53 (obligations for providers of general-purpose AI models), European Union Commission Guidelines on the scope of the obligations for providers of general-purpose AI models under the AI Act, European Union Counter-Fraud Framework: fraud detection systems, machine learning and artificial intelligence, Saudi Arabia Guidance Note on the Consumer Protection and Responsible Adoption and Use of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning by Licensed Financial Institutions in the U.A.E., United Arab Emirates Model risk management principles for banks, United Kingdom and 2 more, every one in the free file.
	GOVERN 1.6Mechanisms are in place to inventory AI systems and are resourced according to...	7	6	6 in force, 1 not yet in force
	The 7 laws behind LLM03:2026 and GOVERN 1.6 OSFI Guideline E-23, Enterprise-Wide Model Risk Management for Deposit-Taking Institutions (2017), Canada OSFI Guideline E-23, Model Risk Management (2027), Canada from 1 May 2027, in 6 months Financial Services (Robotic and Artificial Intelligence Enabled Advisory Services) Rules 2021, Mauritius Michigan DIFS Bulletin 2026-03-BT/CF/CU, Use of Artificial Intelligence Systems by Financial Service Providers, Michigan Guidance Note on the Consumer Protection and Responsible Adoption and Use of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning by Licensed Financial Institutions in the U.A.E., United Arab Emirates Model risk management principles for banks, United Kingdom Interagency Supervisory Guidance on Model Risk Management (2026 revision), United States
	GOVERN 2.1Roles and responsibilities and lines of communication related to mapping, measuring,...	7	6	7 in force
	The 7 laws behind LLM03:2026 and GOVERN 2.1 OSFI Guideline E-23, Enterprise-Wide Model Risk Management for Deposit-Taking Institutions (2017), Canada MiFID II Algorithmic Trading Controls: Resilient Systems, Testing, Kill Functionality, Records and Notification (Article 17 and RTS 6), European Union MiFID II Suitability Assessment for Investment Advice and Portfolio Management, Including Automated and Semi-Automated Systems (Article 25(2) and Delegated Regulation 2017/565 Article 54), European Union Central Bank of Jordan Artificial Intelligence Framework for the Banking Sector, Version 1.0, Jordan FSC Fintech Series Guidance Notes 4, responsible use of artificial intelligence in financial services, Mauritius Suitability for MiFID business: personal recommendations and decisions to trade, including advice given through an automated or semi-automated system, United Kingdom Interagency Supervisory Guidance on Model Risk Management (2026 revision), United States
	MEASURE 2.11Fairness and bias – as identified in the MAP function – are evaluated and results are...	6	5	4 in force, 2 not yet in force
	The 6 laws behind LLM03:2026 and MEASURE 2.11 SB 63 (2026), Artificial Intelligence in Health Insurance Prior Authorization, Alabama Amended Regulation 10-1-1 (2025), Governance and Risk Management Framework for Insurers' Use of External Consumer Data and Information Sources, Algorithms, and Predictive Models, Colorado HB 26-1139 (2026), Use of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care, Colorado from 1 Jan 2027, in 2 months AI Act, Article 10 (data and data governance), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months Central Bank of Jordan Artificial Intelligence Framework for the Banking Sector, Version 1.0, Jordan Guidance Note on the Consumer Protection and Responsible Adoption and Use of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning by Licensed Financial Institutions in the U.A.E., United Arab Emirates
	GOVERN 2.3Executive leadership of the organization takes responsibility for decisions about...	4	4	4 in force
	The 4 laws behind LLM03:2026 and GOVERN 2.3 OSFI Guideline E-23, Enterprise-Wide Model Risk Management for Deposit-Taking Institutions (2017), Canada EBA Guidelines on loan origination and monitoring (EBA/GL/2020/06), automated models and model governance, European Union Michigan DIFS Bulletin 2026-03-BT/CF/CU, Use of Artificial Intelligence Systems by Financial Service Providers, Michigan Guidance Note on the Consumer Protection and Responsible Adoption and Use of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning by Licensed Financial Institutions in the U.A.E., United Arab Emirates
	MEASURE 2.9The AI model is explained, validated, and documented, and AI system output is...	4	4	4 in force
	The 4 laws behind LLM03:2026 and MEASURE 2.9 Gesetz zur Marktüberwachung und Innovationsförderung von künstlicher Intelligenz (KI-MIG), AI Market Surveillance and Innovation Promotion Act, Germany FSC Fintech Series Guidance Notes 4, responsible use of artificial intelligence in financial services, Mauritius Guidance Note on the Consumer Protection and Responsible Adoption and Use of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning by Licensed Financial Institutions in the U.A.E., United Arab Emirates Model risk management principles for banks, United Kingdom
	MANAGE 2.4Mechanisms are in place and applied, and responsibilities are assigned and understood,...	4	3	4 in force
	The 4 laws behind LLM03:2026 and MANAGE 2.4 Central Bank of Jordan Artificial Intelligence Framework for the Banking Sector, Version 1.0, Jordan Digital Code, Chapter 23: AI system design and risk-management obligations, Kyrgyzstan Guidance Note on the Consumer Protection and Responsible Adoption and Use of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning by Licensed Financial Institutions in the U.A.E., United Arab Emirates Model Management Standards: governance, validation and monitoring of the models a bank uses to decide, including artificial intelligence models, United Arab Emirates
	MAP 5.1Likelihood and magnitude of each identified impact (both potentially beneficial and...	3	3	3 in force
	The 3 laws behind LLM03:2026 and MAP 5.1 Gesetz zur Marktüberwachung und Innovationsförderung von künstlicher Intelligenz (KI-MIG), AI Market Surveillance and Innovation Promotion Act, Germany Decreto Legislativo 160/2026, After-the-Fact Facial Recognition Integrated in Video Surveillance (Art. 10), Italy Central Bank of Jordan Artificial Intelligence Framework for the Banking Sector, Version 1.0, Jordan
	MAP 3.3Targeted application scope is specified and documented based on the system’s...	3	2	3 in force
	The 3 laws behind LLM03:2026 and MAP 3.3 Decreto Legislativo 160/2026, After-the-Fact Facial Recognition Integrated in Video Surveillance (Art. 10), Italy Decreto Legislativo 160/2026, Police Biometric AI: Dataset Labelling and Real-Time Remote Identification (Artt. 7-9, 13), Italy Law on Artificial Intelligence, risk classification and conformity assessment, Vietnam
	MEASURE 2.7AI system security and resilience – as identified in the MAP function – are evaluated...	2	2	1 in force, 1 not yet in force
	The 2 laws behind LLM03:2026 and MEASURE 2.7 Decreto Legislativo 160/2026, After-the-Fact Facial Recognition Integrated in Video Surveillance (Art. 10), Italy Federal Law No. 243-FZ, Article 8, Duties of Sovereign and National Foundation Model Developers, Russia from 1 Mar 2027, in 4 months
	MEASURE 3.3Feedback processes for end users and impacted communities to report problems and...	2	2	2 in force
	The 2 laws behind LLM03:2026 and MEASURE 3.3 FSC Fintech Series Guidance Notes 4, responsible use of artificial intelligence in financial services, Mauritius Guidance Note on the Consumer Protection and Responsible Adoption and Use of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning by Licensed Financial Institutions in the U.A.E., United Arab Emirates
LLM04:2026Supply Chain	MEASURE 2.6The AI system is evaluated regularly for safety risks – as identified in the MAP...	3	2	2 in force, 1 not yet in force
	The 3 laws behind LLM04:2026 and MEASURE 2.6 AI Act, Article 15 (accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months MiFID II Algorithmic Trading Controls: Resilient Systems, Testing, Kill Functionality, Records and Notification (Article 17 and RTS 6), European Union Codice Penale Art. 437-bis, Omitted Safety Measures in High-Risk AI Systems and Unlawful Alteration of Them, Italy
	MEASURE 2.5The AI system to be deployed is demonstrated to be valid and reliable. Limitations of...	2	1	1 in force, 1 not yet in force
	The 2 laws behind LLM04:2026 and MEASURE 2.5 AI Act, Article 15 (accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months MiFID II Algorithmic Trading Controls: Resilient Systems, Testing, Kill Functionality, Records and Notification (Article 17 and RTS 6), European Union
	MEASURE 2.7AI system security and resilience – as identified in the MAP function – are evaluated...	2	1	1 in force, 1 not yet in force
	The 2 laws behind LLM04:2026 and MEASURE 2.7 AI Act, Article 15 (accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months MiFID II Algorithmic Trading Controls: Resilient Systems, Testing, Kill Functionality, Records and Notification (Article 17 and RTS 6), European Union
LLM05:2026Data and Model Poisoning	MEASURE 2.6The AI system is evaluated regularly for safety risks – as identified in the MAP...	3	2	2 in force, 1 not yet in force
	The 3 laws behind LLM05:2026 and MEASURE 2.6 AI Act, Article 15 (accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months MiFID II Algorithmic Trading Controls: Resilient Systems, Testing, Kill Functionality, Records and Notification (Article 17 and RTS 6), European Union Codice Penale Art. 437-bis, Omitted Safety Measures in High-Risk AI Systems and Unlawful Alteration of Them, Italy
	MEASURE 2.5The AI system to be deployed is demonstrated to be valid and reliable. Limitations of...	2	1	1 in force, 1 not yet in force
	The 2 laws behind LLM05:2026 and MEASURE 2.5 AI Act, Article 15 (accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months MiFID II Algorithmic Trading Controls: Resilient Systems, Testing, Kill Functionality, Records and Notification (Article 17 and RTS 6), European Union
	MEASURE 2.7AI system security and resilience – as identified in the MAP function – are evaluated...	2	1	1 in force, 1 not yet in force
	The 2 laws behind LLM05:2026 and MEASURE 2.7 AI Act, Article 15 (accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months MiFID II Algorithmic Trading Controls: Resilient Systems, Testing, Kill Functionality, Records and Notification (Article 17 and RTS 6), European Union

Not connected to the NIST AI RMF: 5 of OWASP LLM Top 10's controls

No law we track reaches these

No duty in the laws we track reaches these controls.

LLM06:2026 Unbounded Consumption
LLM07:2026 Misinformation
LLM08:2026 Hidden Context Exposure
LLM09:2026 Vector and Embedding Weaknesses
LLM10:2026 Improper Output Handling

How these connections are drawn

Each requirement line in the laws we track is read against the framework for its subject (the AI, scraping and news aggregation laws against the NIST AI RMF, the privacy, communications and age assurance laws against the NIST Privacy Framework, the cybersecurity laws against the NIST CSF 2.0); laws on liability and content moderation are not read against any framework yet. A line reaches the OWASP LLM Top 10 through a kind of duty its law carries, and only where that kind of duty also reaches, on that same line, the NIST framework for the line's own subject. Two controls connect when lines in at least 2 laws reach both. That says the same duties reach both; it does not say the two are alike, or that running either one does what a law asks.

Every duty line in the AI, scraping and news aggregation laws we track has been read against the framework for its subject.

Sources and licenses

OWASP GenAI Security Project, OWASP Top 10 for LLM Applications 2026, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Excerpted: only the first paragraph of each entry's Description is reproduced, verbatim.