Law / Frameworks / NIST Privacy Framework / Identify-P

NIST Privacy Framework, Identify-PID.RA-P4

Problematic data actions, likelihoods, and impacts are used to determine and prioritize risk.NIST Privacy Framework, version 1.0, January 2020, ID.RA-P4

We read each law below as bearing on this control. That does not mean the control, done well, meets the law: what each law asks is on its own page. Law library as of .

64
laws
54
jurisdictions
1
with court rulings behind it
3
not yet in force
3
proposed, not law

Related controls in other frameworks the same duties, in at least two laws we track, reach both

A law in force is unmarked; the rest wear their state: not yet in force proposed

  • Albania
  • Andorra
  • Barbados
  • Benin
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Botswana
  • Cabo Verde
  • California
  • Cambodia
  • China
  • Colombia
  • Colorado
  • Cyprus
  • Democratic Republic of the Congo
  • Denmark
  • Ecuador
  • Ethiopia
  • European Union
  • France
  • Gambia
  • Greece
  • Ireland
  • Jamaica
  • Kenya
  • Kiribati
  • Kosovo
  • Lithuania
  • Luxembourg
  • Maryland
  • Mauritius
  • Mexico
  • Moldova
  • Monaco
  • Montana
  • New Hampshire
  • Niger
  • Nigeria
  • Paraguay
  • Pennsylvania
  • Republic of the Congo
  • Rwanda
  • San Marino
  • Serbia
  • Somalia
  • Sweden
  • Switzerland
  • Texas
  • United Kingdom
  • Uruguay
  • Vietnam
  • Zambia
  • Zimbabwe

Comprehensive regime

32 laws, 31 jurisdictions
JurisdictionLawWhat it asks, as read here
Albania Law No. 124/2024 On the Protection of Personal Data

From two years after the law's publication in the Official Gazette, carry out a data protection impact assessment before processing likely to result in a high risk to the rights and freedoms of a person in Albania, and seek the Commissioner's opinion in advance where the risk cannot be mitigated; until then, Articles 31 and 32 do not themselves bind.

Andorra LQPD, Llei 29/2021 del 28 d'octubre

Carry out a data protection impact assessment before high-risk processing such as systematic automated evaluation with legal effects, large-scale special-category processing, or large-scale systematic monitoring of a publicly accessible area, and consult the Agency first where the assessment shows a risk you have not mitigated.

Barbados Data Protection Act, 2019

Carry out a data protection impact assessment before any type of processing, in particular using new technologies, that is likely to result in a high risk to the rights and freedoms of an individual, taking the advice of the data privacy officer where one is designated, and consult the Commissioner beforehand where the assessment shows a high risk.

Benin Loi n°2017-20 portant Code du Numérique en République du Bénin, Livre V (protection des données à caractère personnel)

Carry out a data protection impact assessment before a processing likely to create a high risk to individuals' rights and freedoms, and consult the Autorité first where the assessment shows a risk you cannot mitigate.

Bosnia and Herzegovina Law on the Protection of Personal Data of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Carry out a data protection impact assessment under Article 37 before processing likely to result in a high risk to a person's rights and freedoms, and consult the Agency in advance under Article 38 wherever the assessment shows a high risk the controller cannot mitigate.

Botswana Data Protection Act, 2024 (Act No. 18 of 2024)

Carry out a data protection impact assessment before processing that is likely to result in a high risk to a natural person's rights and freedoms, and designate a data protection officer where your core activities require regular and systematic large-scale monitoring, or large-scale processing of sensitive personal data or of data relating to criminal convictions and offences.

Cabo Verde Law No. 133/V/2001 on the Protection of Personal Data, data protection impact assessment

Before you start processing, and before you notify it to the CNPD, carry out an impact assessment of the envisaged operations on the protection of personal data if the processing, in particular using new technologies, is likely to result in a high risk to individuals' rights and freedoms (Article 29(1)).

Carry out the assessment in particular for a systematic and extensive evaluation of personal aspects of individuals based on automated processing, including profiling, on which decisions with legal or similarly significant effects are based; for large-scale processing of the special categories of data in Article 8(1) or of data on criminal convictions and offences in Article 11; and for large-scale systematic monitoring of publicly accessible areas (Article 29(2)).

+3 more
Cambodia Draft Law on Personal Data Protection, final draft proposed

A data controller that determines its processing may pose a high risk to a data subject's rights and freedoms must conduct a personal data impact assessment and submit its report to the Ministry of Post and Telecommunications.

Colombia Superintendencia Circular on AI and Personal Data

Weigh whether processing personal data in an artificial intelligence system is suitable to the goal pursued, necessary because no less intrusive measure achieves it equally well, reasonable because it serves a constitutional purpose, and proportionate because its benefits are not outweighed by the harm to the right to data protection.

Complete and document a privacy impact assessment before an artificial intelligence system likely to pose a high risk to data subjects processes their personal data, covering the processing operations, a risk evaluation, and the measures planned to prevent the risks identified.

Democratic Republic of the Congo Digital Code, Title III: Personal Data Protection

Carry out a data protection impact assessment before processing likely to create a high risk to individuals' rights and freedoms, and consult the Data Protection Authority in advance where that assessment shows a high risk you have not sufficiently mitigated.

Show the other 22 laws
Denmark Danish Data Protection Act (Databeskyttelsesloven)

Conduct a Data Protection Impact Assessment for high risk processing under GDPR Article 35.

Ecuador LOPDP, comprehensive personal-data protection regime

Carry out an impact assessment of the processing where article 42 requires one.

Ethiopia Personal Data Protection Proclamation

Carry out a data protection impact assessment before processing that may risk data subjects' rights and freedoms, including systematic and extensive evaluation based on automated processing, large-scale processing of sensitive personal data, and systematic monitoring of a publicly accessible area on a large scale.

Gambia Personal Data Protection and Privacy Act, 2025 from a date not yet set

Carry out a data protection impact assessment before high-risk processing such as profiling or large-scale surveillance.

Ireland DPC Guidance: AI, Large Language Models and Data Protection

Perform a data protection impact assessment before training or deploying an AI system on personal data of people in Ireland where the processing is new to you, combines data sets, or may involve minors or vulnerable people.

Jamaica Data Protection Act, 2020, registration, lawful basis and standards for processing

Submit a data protection impact assessment covering all personal data in your custody or control to the Information Commissioner within 90 days after the end of each calendar year.

Kiribati Data Protection Act 2025

If you are a controller of major importance, carry out a data protection impact assessment and submit the report to the Digital Transformation Office before processing likely to expose 10,000 or more data subjects to a high risk of significant harm, and proceed only with the Office's approval if the risk remains high after mitigation; under section 21(4) this duty applies from the second anniversary of commencement, .

Kosovo Law No. 06/L-082 on Protection of Personal Data

Carry out a data protection impact assessment before high-risk processing such as systematic automated evaluation with legal effects, large-scale special-category processing, or large-scale systematic monitoring of a publicly accessible area, and consult the Agency first where the assessment shows a risk you cannot mitigate.

Moldova Law No. 195/2024 on Personal Data Protection

Carry out a data protection impact assessment before processing likely to result in a high risk, and consult the National Centre for Personal Data Protection beforehand where that risk remains.

Monaco Loi sur la Protection des Données Personnelles

Carry out a data protection impact assessment before processing likely to create a high risk to a person's rights and freedoms, such as large scale profiling with legal effects, large scale sensitive data processing, large scale public area surveillance, or large scale use of a digital identifier, and consult the Authority first where the assessment still shows a high risk you cannot mitigate.

Niger Loi n° 2022-59, protection des données à caractère personnel

Carry out a privacy impact assessment before implementing a sensitive or high-risk processing operation the HAPDP requires one for.

Nigeria Nigeria Data Protection Act, 2023 (NDPA), general data protection duties

Carry out a Data Privacy Impact Assessment where required, including where deploying software to process sensitive personal data, and file it with the Commission.

Before deploying data processing software that tracks a data subject or opens a communication link with one, carry out an impact assessment, design it for privacy by design and by default, put a data privacy policy inside the software, and give a prospective user a privacy statement before installation.

Paraguay Ley N° 7593/2025, de Protección de Datos Personales en la República del Paraguay from , in 12 months

Carry out an impact assessment before implementing processing that warrants one, and consult the supervisory authority beforehand where article 15 requires it.

Pennsylvania House Bill 78, Consumer Data Privacy Act, general applicability and controller and processor duties proposed

As amended by Printer's Number 3688, HB 78 applies to a for-profit business meeting a revenue or data-volume threshold and requires it to conduct data protection assessments before high-risk processing.

Republic of the Congo Law No. 29-2019 on the Protection of Personal Data

Carry out a data protection impact assessment before a type of processing likely to create a high risk to the rights and freedoms of natural persons, and designate a data protection officer where article 83 requires one.

Rwanda Law relating to the Protection of Personal Data and Privacy

Carry out a data protection impact assessment before processing likely to result in a high risk to a natural person's rights and freedoms, including large-scale processing of sensitive personal data or systematic monitoring of a publicly accessible area on a large scale.

San Marino San Marino Law No. 171 on the Protection of Natural Persons

Carry out a data protection impact assessment before processing likely to result in a high risk, and consult the Data Protection Authority beforehand where the assessment shows that risk remains.

Serbia Draft Law on Personal Data Protection (2026 reform) proposed

Under the draft, a controller using a high-risk AI system must complete a data protection impact assessment and obtain the Commissioner's opinion, and must label synthetically generated or modified audio and video content.

Serbia Law on Personal Data Protection

Carry out a data protection impact assessment before processing likely to create high risk to a person's rights and freedoms, and consult the Commissioner first where the assessment shows the risk cannot be brought down.

Somalia Data Protection Act No. 005 of 2023

As a data controller of major importance, carry out a data protection impact assessment before processing likely to result in a high risk to a data subject, and submit the assessment report to the Authority before you start.

Uruguay Ley N° 19.670, accountability, extraterritorial scope and data-protection officer

Adopt privacy-by-design, privacy-by-default, and data-protection impact assessment measures as part of a proactive-accountability duty, and be able to demonstrate their effective implementation.

Zambia Data Protection Act, 2021, personal data processing framework

Carry out a data protection impact assessment before processing that uses new technologies and is likely to result in a high risk, and in particular before automated processing including profiling that produces legal effects, large-scale processing of sensitive personal data, or systematic monitoring of a publicly accessible area on a large scale.

Sensitive categories

8 laws, 8 jurisdictions
JurisdictionLawWhat it asks, as read here
Colorado SB 24-041, Protecting Minors' Online Data

If you offer an online service, product, or feature that you actually know or willfully disregard is used by a minor, use reasonable care to avoid a heightened risk of harm to that minor, and complete a data protection assessment where that risk exists.

European Union Political Advertising Regulation, Targeting and Ad-Delivery Techniques (Articles 18 and 19)

Prepare an internal annual risk assessment of the use of targeting techniques or ad-delivery techniques on fundamental rights and freedoms, and make its results publicly available (Article 19(1)(d)).

Lithuania GDPR Article 9, Special Categories of Personal Data as Applied in Lithuania

Conduct a data protection impact assessment before processing special categories of personal data, including biometric data, of persons in Lithuania on a large scale, under GDPR Article 35(3)(b).

Luxembourg Insurance Sector Law Article 181-3, Lawful Processing of Health Data by Insurers and Reinsurers

Apply the measures Article 181-3 lists: a data protection officer, impact assessments, anonymization, pseudonymization or functional separation, encryption in transit with state-of-the-art key management, access restrictions, logging of the reason, date, time and person for each access, staff awareness, regular independent audit, sectoral codes of conduct and an internal policy on the principles of GDPR Article 5 (Article 181-3, paragraph 1, point 2).

Nigeria Nigeria Data Protection Act, 2023, sensitive personal data and a child's data

Document those parameters and file them with the Commission as part of your Compliance Audit Returns, with an impact assessment that weighs disparate outcomes of the processing and the Data Subjects' Vulnerability Indexes in Schedule 6.

Ontario Personal Health Information Protection Act, 2004, electronic service providers and health information network providers

As a health information network provider, assess the threats, vulnerabilities and risks to the security and integrity of the information and how your services may affect the privacy of the individuals concerned, and give each custodian a written copy of the results.

Switzerland FADP Article 5 lit. c, Sensitive Personal Data Including Biometric Data

Perform a Data Protection Impact Assessment before large-scale processing of biometric or other sensitive personal data, or before systematic large-scale public-space monitoring, under FADP Article 22.

Zimbabwe Cyber and Data Protection Regulations 2024, children's information and automated decisions

Conduct regular data protection impact assessments to identify and mitigate privacy risks to children, and ensure data protection by design and by default when processing children's data.

Age-appropriate design code

7 laws, 6 jurisdictions
JurisdictionLawWhat it asks, as read here
California AB 2273 (2022), California Age-Appropriate Design Code Act

Applies to a business providing an online service, product or feature likely to be accessed by children under 18. Complete data protection impact assessments.

California SB 1119 (2026), Adam's Law: companion chatbots and children's safety from , in 7 weeks

Before making a new or substantially modified companion chatbot available, perform and document a comprehensive risk assessment of covered harms to child users, and take and document measures that reasonably mitigate the child safety risks it identifies.

Colorado SB 24-041 (2024), Privacy Protections for Children's Online Data

Conduct data protection assessments.

Maryland HB 603 / SB 571, Maryland Age-Appropriate Design Code Act (Kids Code)

Complete data protection impact assessments.

Mexico Decree on Safe Digital Environments for Children and Adolescents

Carry out periodic assessments of the risks that design, features, recommender systems, user interaction and service characteristics pose to children and adolescents, adopt reasonable measures to prevent or mitigate them, and share statistical reports on the patterns detected in Article 3 content with the competent authorities periodically (Article 4, item IX).

Montana SB 297, Amendments to the Montana Consumer Data Privacy Act

Complete a data protection assessment for offerings that pose such a risk to minors.

New Hampshire SB 255, New Hampshire Privacy Act

Complete a data protection assessment for any processing activity that presents a heightened risk of harm to consumers, including minors.

Cross border transfer

4 laws, 4 jurisdictions
JurisdictionLawWhat it asks, as read here
Cyprus GDPR Chapter V and Law 125(I)/2018 Articles 17-18, Cross-Border Transfer of Personal Data from Cyprus

Before transferring special categories of personal data of a person in Cyprus to a third country on Article 46 safeguards or binding corporate rules, inform the Commissioner of your intention, and before relying on an Article 49 derogation for such a transfer, carry out an impact assessment and consult the Commissioner, under Law 125(I)/2018 Articles 17 and 18.

European Union Standard Contractual Clauses for Transfers to Third Countries, Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2021/914

The Parties document the assessment under Clause 14(b) and make it available to the competent supervisory authority on request (Clause 14(d)).

Québec Privacy impact assessment before communicating personal information outside Québec

Before communicating personal information outside Québec, or having a person or body outside Québec collect, use, communicate or keep it on your behalf, conduct a privacy impact assessment covering the information's sensitivity, its intended use, available protection measures including contractual ones, and the destination's legal framework.

Vietnam Law on Personal Data Protection, cross-border transfer

An app transferring the personal data of an individual in Vietnam, including biometric data, to a recipient outside the country must prepare a cross-border transfer impact assessment dossier and send it to the specialized personal data protection agency within 60 days of the first transfer; a violation risks a fine of up to 5 percent of the organization's prior-year revenue, a materially higher tier than the Law's general penalty.

Data subject rights

4 laws, 4 jurisdictions
JurisdictionLawWhat it asks, as read here
China Personal Information Protection Law, automated decisions

Complete a personal-information-protection impact assessment before deploying automated decision-making, and keep the assessment report and the processing record for at least three years.

Cyprus GDPR Articles 12-21 and Law 125(I)/2018 Article 11, Data Subject Rights in Cyprus

Before you restrict, in whole or in part, a person's rights under GDPR Articles 12, 18, 19 or 20 in Cyprus on a ground in GDPR Article 23(1), carry out an impact assessment and consult the Commissioner, and tell the person about the restriction, under Law 125(I)/2018 Article 11.

Ecuador SPDP Norma General guaranteeing personal-data protection in the use of AI systems

Before developing an AI system that will process personal data, carry out a risk-management process and, where applicable, an impact assessment.

Texas Texas Data Privacy and Security Act, consumer rights and assessments

Conduct and document a data protection assessment before targeted advertising, sale of personal data, certain profiling, or sensitive-data processing.

Biometric privacy

3 laws, 3 jurisdictions
JurisdictionLawWhat it asks, as read here
France CNIL Standard Regulation on Workplace Biometric Access Control (Deliberation No. 2019-001)

Run a data protection impact assessment and document why a less intrusive alternative was rejected before deploying a biometric access-control system for employees or building access in France.

Sweden GDPR Article 9, Dataskyddslagen Chapter 3, and the IMY Skelleftea Facial-Recognition Decision

Obtain a GDPR Article 9(2) basis, with weighty grounds, and complete a data protection impact assessment before deploying a biometric identification system in Sweden.

Uruguay Ley N° 18.331, biometric data

Before processing biometric data, such as fingerprint data or facial or voice recognition used to identify a person, carry out a data protection impact assessment.

Social media and minors

2 laws, 1 jurisdiction
JurisdictionLawWhat it asks, as read here
United Kingdom Ofcom Protection of Children Codes of Practice

Have completed your children's risk assessment by .

United Kingdom Online Safety Act 2023, Part 3 (children's risk assessment and safety duties)

Carry out a children's risk assessment.

AI sector rules

1 law, 1 jurisdiction
JurisdictionLawWhat it asks, as read here
Mauritius FSC Fintech Series Guidance Notes 4, responsible use of artificial intelligence in financial services

The Commission says that, in line with section 34 of the Data Protection Act 2017, you must conduct a Data Protection Impact Assessment before implementing any AI system likely to present a high risk to the rights and freedoms of data subjects.

Breach notification

1 law, 1 jurisdiction
JurisdictionLawWhat it asks, as read here
Kenya Data Protection (General) Regulations, 2021

Conduct a data protection impact assessment before undertaking automated decision-making or profiling that has a legal or similarly significant effect on a data subject.

Product security requirements

1 law, 1 jurisdiction
JurisdictionLawWhat it asks, as read here
Greece Law 4961/2022 (Ν. 4961/2022), Chapter Γ' of Part B, Cybersecurity of Internet of Things Devices

If you are an operator of essential services, a digital service provider or a local government organization using such devices, use them in accordance with the technical security specifications, appoint an Internet of Things Security Officer, keep a register of the devices you use and update it annually, suspend use of a device that presents a risk, and carry out a data protection impact assessment of the related processing (Articles 35, 37(2), 38 and 41(2)).

Full text of the NIST Privacy Framework, public domain (a US government work). Every control of the framework.