Law / Frameworks / NIST Privacy Framework / Communicate-P

NIST Privacy Framework, Communicate-PCM.AW-P1

Mechanisms (e.g., notices, internal or public reports) for communicating data processing purposes, practices, associated privacy risks, and options for enabling individuals’ data processing preferences and requests are established and in place.NIST Privacy Framework, version 1.0, January 2020, CM.AW-P1

We read each law below as bearing on this control. That does not mean the control, done well, meets the law: what each law asks is on its own page. Corpus as of .

189
laws
120
places
1
with court rulings behind it
13
not yet in force
5
proposed, not law

The same ground elsewhere linked through the kinds of duty both controls are mapped from

A law in force is unmarked; the rest wear their state: not yet in force proposed

  • Albania
  • Andorra
  • Angola
  • Antigua and Barbuda
  • Argentina
  • Australia
  • Barbados
  • Belarus
  • Belgium
  • Benin
  • Bhutan
  • Bolivia
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Brazil
  • Burkina Faso
  • Cabo Verde
  • California
  • Cambodia
  • Canada
  • Central African Republic
  • Chad
  • China
  • Colombia
  • Colorado
  • Comoros
  • Connecticut
  • Costa Rica
  • Cuba
  • Cyprus
  • Côte d'Ivoire
  • Delaware
  • Democratic Republic of the Congo
  • Ecuador
  • El Salvador
  • Equatorial Guinea
  • Eswatini
  • Ethiopia
  • European Union
  • Florida
  • France
  • Gabon
  • Gambia
  • Germany
  • Ghana
  • Greece
  • Grenada
  • Illinois
  • Ireland
  • Jamaica
  • Japan
  • Kenya
  • Kiribati
  • Kosovo
  • Lebanon
  • Lesotho
  • Libya
  • Madagascar
  • Malawi
  • Maldives
  • Mali
  • Maryland
  • Massachusetts
  • Mauritania
  • Mexico
  • Michigan
  • Moldova
  • Monaco
  • Mongolia
  • Montana
  • Montenegro
  • Morocco
  • Mozambique
  • Nevada
  • New Hampshire
  • New Zealand
  • Nicaragua
  • Niger
  • Nigeria
  • North Macedonia
  • Oklahoma
  • Oregon
  • Panama
  • Paraguay
  • Pennsylvania
  • Peru
  • Republic of the Congo
  • Rwanda
  • Saint Kitts and Nevis
  • Saint Lucia
  • Samoa
  • San Marino
  • Sao Tome and Principe
  • Senegal
  • Serbia
  • Singapore
  • Solomon Islands
  • Somalia
  • South Africa
  • South Korea
  • Spain
  • Suriname
  • Tajikistan
  • Texas
  • Togo
  • Tonga
  • Trinidad and Tobago
  • Tunisia
  • Uganda
  • Ukraine
  • United Kingdom
  • United States
  • Uruguay
  • Utah
  • Vanuatu
  • Virginia
  • Washington
  • Zambia
  • Zimbabwe

Data subject rights

74 laws, 73 places
PlaceLawWhat it asks, as read here
Albania Law No. 124/2024, rights of the data subject

Tell a data subject, in concise and plain language and with particular care where the information is addressed to a minor, your identity and contact details, the purposes and legal basis of processing, the recipients, any transfer abroad, the retention period, and the rights available to them.

Stop processing a data subject's personal data for direct marketing, including related profiling, as soon as they object, without requiring a reason, and tell them of this right explicitly and separately at the first communication.

Andorra LQPD, rights of the data subject

Tell a data subject, at the point you collect or first obtain their personal data, your identity, the purposes and legal basis of processing, the recipients, any transfer to a third country, the storage period, and their rights.

Stop processing personal data for direct marketing, including related profiling, as soon as a data subject objects, and bring that right to their attention explicitly and separately no later than the first communication with them.

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Angola Law on the Protection of Personal Data, rights of data subjects

Tell a data subject at least your identity and address, the purposes of processing and the file's existence, the recipients or categories of recipients, whether a reply is mandatory or voluntary and the consequences of not replying, and the existence and conditions of the rights of access, rectification, updating, elimination and objection, when you collect their data or, if collected elsewhere, at the latest thirty days after collection.

Publish an easily accessible privacy policy carrying the article 25 disclosures, including that data on an open network may circulate without security guarantees and could be seen or used by unauthorised third parties, wherever data is collected over an open network.

Antigua and Barbuda Data Protection Act, 2013, notice and rights of data subjects

Tell a data subject, on request, the purposes of collecting and processing their personal data, its source if known, the classes of third parties it may be disclosed to, whether supplying it is obligatory or voluntary and the consequences of not supplying it, and how to contact you with inquiries or complaints.

Argentina Ley 25.326, rights of data subjects

Before collecting a data subject's personal data, tell them in clear, express terms the purpose it will be processed for and who may receive it, that a file or database exists together with its controller's identity and address, whether answering is mandatory or optional, the consequences of answering, refusing, or answering inaccurately, and that they may exercise access, rectification, and erasure rights.

Australia Privacy and Other Legislation Amendment Act 2024 (Cth), Automated Decision-Making Transparency from , in 2 months

Disclose in the entity's APP privacy policy the kinds of personal information used, and the categories of decisions made, by a computer program that could reasonably be expected to significantly affect an individual's rights or interests.

Barbados Data Protection Act, 2019, rights of a data subject

When collecting personal data, or promptly after obtaining it from another source, give the data subject the required notice, including of any automated decision-making and meaningful information about its logic.

Benin Loi n°2017-20 portant Code du Numérique en République du Bénin, Livre V, droits des personnes concernées

Tell a data subject, no later than when you collect their personal data, your identity, the purposes of the processing, the recipients, whether automated decision making is in use, how long you will keep the data, and their rights of access, rectification, erasure, and objection.

Where personal data was not collected from the data subject, give them the same information within a reasonable time and at most thirty days after obtaining it, or at the first communication or disclosure of the data if that comes sooner.

Bosnia and Herzegovina Law on the Protection of Personal Data of Bosnia and Herzegovina, rights of data subjects

Tell a person, at the latest when you collect their personal data or within a reasonable period if collected elsewhere, who you are, the purpose and legal basis of the processing, the recipients, any transfer abroad, the retention period and their rights, under Articles 15 and 16.

Burkina Faso Personal Data Protection Law, automated decisions

Where the processing relies on artificial intelligence, disclose to the data subject the criteria and the nature of the personal data behind the automated decision, from the moment you collect it.

Show the other 64 laws
Burkina Faso Personal Data Protection Law, rights of the data subject

Obtain a person's prior consent before sending them unsolicited direct marketing communications of any kind, tell them before their data is first used for that purpose or disclosed to a third party, and let them withdraw consent at any time.

Tell a data subject, no later than when you collect their data, your identity, the purposes of the processing, the categories of data, the recipients, the rights of access, rectification, erasure and objection, the retention period, any transfer abroad, and how to give or withdraw consent.

Cabo Verde Law No. 133/V/2001 on the Protection of Personal Data, rights of data subjects

Tell a data subject, except where they already know it, your identity and any representative's, the purposes of processing, the recipients or categories of recipients, whether a reply is mandatory or voluntary and the consequences of not replying, and the existence and conditions of the rights of access and rectification, at the time of collection or, if not collected from the data subject, no later than first disclosure to a third party.

Warn a data subject, when their data is collected over an open network and unless they already know it, that their personal data may circulate without security measures and risk being seen or used by unauthorised third parties.

Cambodia Cambodia's Draft Law on Personal Data Protection, rights of data subjects proposed

If enacted as drafted, a data controller would have to give a data subject the information article 27 lists before processing their personal data, and act on a request to access, rectify, erase, restrict, receive in a portable form, or object to the processing of their personal data, generally within one month of the request.

Chad Loi n°007/PR/2015, droits de la personne concernée (information, accès, opposition, rectification)

At the point of collecting personal data, provide the data subject the controller's identity, the processing purposes, the data categories, the recipients, the retention period, and any prospect of transfer to a third country.

Colombia Ley 1581 de 2012, Data Subject Rights and Procedures

Before requesting a data subject's authorization, tell them clearly and expressly the purpose of the processing, that answering a question about sensitive data or a minor's data is optional, their rights as a data subject, and how to identify and contact you, and keep proof that you gave this notice.

Comoros Law on the Protection of Personal Data, rights of data subjects

Tell a data subject, when you collect their personal data directly from them, your identity, the processing's purpose, whether answering is mandatory, the recipients, and how to exercise the rights of objection, access and rectification.

Tell a network communication user, clearly and completely, the purpose of accessing or storing information in their terminal equipment and the means available to object to it, before doing so.

Cyprus GDPR Articles 12-21 and Law 125(I)/2018 Article 11, Data Subject Rights in Cyprus

Before you restrict, in whole or in part, a person's rights under GDPR Articles 12, 18, 19 or 20 in Cyprus on a ground in GDPR Article 23(1), carry out an impact assessment and consult the Commissioner, and tell the person about the restriction, under Law 125(I)/2018 Article 11.

Côte d'Ivoire Law No. 2013-450 on the Protection of Personal Data, rights of the data subject

Give the person concerned, at the latest when you collect their data, your identity, the purpose, the categories of data, the recipients, their right to refuse to appear on the file, their rights of access and rectification, the retention period, and whether the data may be transferred to a third country.

Stop processing a person's data for prospecting purposes as soon as they object, free of charge, and tell them before their data are first disclosed to a third party for prospecting so they can object to that disclosure.

Democratic Republic of the Congo Digital Code, Title III, rights of the data subject

Let a data subject object at any time, on legitimate grounds, to processing of their data, offer them that right expressly and free of charge before their data is first communicated to a third party or used for prospecting, and answer an objection within thirty days.

At collection, give the data subject your identity, the purposes and legal basis, the categories of data, the recipients, whether a reply is mandatory or optional, their rights of access, rectification, objection and complaint, the retention period, and any transfer to a third country; give the same information within a reasonable time when you did not collect the data from them directly.

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Ecuador SPDP Norma General guaranteeing personal-data protection in the use of AI systems from a date not yet set

Inform the data subject clearly, specifically, and transparently about personal-data processing carried out through an AI system, including its purposes.

El Salvador Ley para la Protección de Datos Personales, rights of data subjects

Tell a data subject, before you collect their data, its purpose, its recipients, the database it will sit in, how to reach you and your delegate, the content of their ARCO-POL rights, and the security measures you keep; get a fresh authorization if you later plan a different purpose.

Publish a privacy notice, consistent with your privacy policy, naming your address, which data are sensitive, your legal basis, your purposes, how to exercise ARCO-POL rights and revoke consent, your delegate's contact details, and your use of cookies, and give it to the data subject in writing before they consent.

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Eswatini Data Protection Act, 2022, rights of data subjects

If you operate a whistleblowing system, preserve fairness, proportionality and openness about its scope and purpose, and inform a person implicated in a report as soon as possible of the report's existence and the facts alleged.

Ethiopia Personal Data Protection Proclamation, rights of data subjects

Tell a data subject, when you obtain their personal data, who you are, the purposes and lawful basis of the processing, the recipients, any transfer to a third-party jurisdiction, the retention periods, their rights, and whether automated decision-making including profiling is in use; where the data came from elsewhere, add the categories obtained and their source, and give the information within a reasonable period and at the latest one month after obtaining it.

Stop processing personal data for direct marketing, including the profiling related to it, as soon as the data subject objects, and bring the right to object to the data subject's attention explicitly.

European Union GDPR Article 22, Automated Individual Decision-Making

Tell the data subject, when collecting their data and on any access request, that this kind of automated decision-making occurs, and give meaningful information about the logic involved, the significance, and the envisaged consequences.

France Loi 78-17 Articles 48 and 51 II, Rights of Minors in France

When you collect personal data from a minor under fifteen in France, give them the information GDPR Article 13 lists in clear, easily accessible language, under Loi n. 78-17 Article 48.

Gabon Law No. 025/2023, rights of the data subject and transparency obligations

At collection, tell the person your identity, the data protection officer's contact details where designated, the purpose and legal basis, any legitimate interest relied on, recipients, any transfer abroad, the retention period or the criteria for it, their rights including withdrawal of consent, their right to complain to the APDPVP, and the existence and logic of any automated decision-making or profiling that concerns them.

Where you did not collect the data from the person, give them the same categories of information, including the data's origin and whether it came from a publicly accessible source, within one month, or by the time you first contact them or first disclose the data to another recipient, whichever is earliest.

Gambia Personal Data Protection and Privacy Act, 2025, rights of the data subject from a date not yet set

Give a data subject your identity, the purposes of the processing, the recipients of the data and your legal basis, at the time you collect their personal data or within a reasonable period where you obtained it indirectly.

Greece GDPR Articles 12-21 and 23 and Law 4624/2019 Article 27, Data Subject Rights and Employment in Greece

Give written notice to an employee in Greece before installing workplace video surveillance, limited to protecting persons and property, per Law 4624/2019's employment chapter.

Grenada Data Protection Act, No. 1 of 2023, rights of data subjects from a date not yet set

Give the data subject notice of the purpose and source of collection, their access and rectification rights, the classes of third party the data may be disclosed to, and whether supplying the data is obligatory, when they request it.

Jamaica Data Protection Act, 2020, rights of data subjects

Carry in every direct marketing communication the identity of the sender and an address or other contact details the recipient can use to ask that the communication cease.

Kenya Data Protection Act, 2019, automated individual decision making

Notify a data subject in writing when a decision about them is based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces a legal or similarly significant effect, and allow them to request reconsideration or a new decision that is not based solely on automated processing.

Kiribati Data Protection Act 2025, rights of a data subject from a date not yet set

On commencement, tell a data subject before collecting their personal data who the controller is and how to contact them, the purpose of the processing, how to exercise their Part IV rights, and how to lodge a complaint with the Digital Transformation Office, and give that information as soon as possible afterward where it could not be given beforehand.

Kosovo Law No. 06/L-082 on Protection of Personal Data, rights of the data subject

Tell a data subject, at the point you collect or first obtain their personal data, your identity, the purposes and legal basis of processing, the recipients, any transfer to a third country, the storage period, and their rights, within one month where the data came from elsewhere.

Stop processing personal data for direct marketing, including related profiling, as soon as a data subject objects, and bring that right to their attention explicitly and separately no later than the first communication with them.

Lebanon Law No. 81/2018, Part V, notice, objection, access and correction

Tell the people you collect personal data from who you are or who your representative is, what the processing is for, whether answering is mandatory or optional, what follows from not answering, who the data will be sent to, and that they may access and correct it, and print that statement explicitly and clearly on the collection form itself.

Where you did not collect the data from the person, tell them personally and explicitly what the data contains, what the processing is for and that they may object to it, unless they already know or telling them is impossible or takes an effort out of proportion to the benefit.

Lesotho Data Protection Act, 2011, rights of data subjects

Give a data subject notice, before or as soon as practicable after collecting personal information about them, of your name and address, the purpose of the collection, whether supply is mandatory, and the consequences of not providing it.

Libya Law No. 6 of 2022, notice, access and objection rights over personal data

Before processing a person's data, give them notice of who is responsible for the processing and the nature, purpose, and method of the processing.

Madagascar Law No. 2014-038, rights of data subjects

Tell a person, when you collect their personal data, who you are, the purpose of the processing, whether the information is mandatory or optional, the data categories, the recipients, their rights of objection, access, and rectification, and any transfer and its safeguards, and give the same notice, including how to object, before storing or reading information on their communications-terminal equipment.

Malawi Electronic Transactions and Cyber Security Act, 2016, rights of a data subject and information notice (Part VII)

When collecting personal data from a data subject, tell them who the data controller is, together with any representative, the purpose of the processing, and that they have rights of access, rectification and objection.

Maldives Maldives Personal Data Protection Bill, rights of data subjects proposed

If enacted as drafted, a Controller would have to tell a data subject about the processing of their personal data and answer a request to access it, correct it, erase it, restrict its processing, receive it in a portable form, or object to the processing.

Mali Loi n° 2013-015, rights of data subjects

At collection, or before transmitting data you did not collect directly, tell the person your identity, the purposes of processing, the categories of data, the recipients, whether answering is obligatory or optional and the consequences of not answering, their right to ask to no longer appear in the file, their rights of access and rectification, the retention period, and any transfer abroad you envisage.

Before accessing or writing information to a user's connection terminal equipment over an electronic communication network, clearly and completely tell them the purpose and how to object, unless doing so is solely to enable the communication itself or is strictly necessary to supply a service the user expressly asked for.

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Mauritania Loi n° 2017-020, droits de la personne concernée

Tell the person, at the time of collection, who is responsible for the processing, its purpose, the categories of data, whether a reply is mandatory or optional, and any recipients, and let them access, object to, correct, or delete their data on request.

Where you did not collect the data from the person directly, give them the same information when you record it or, if you plan to disclose it, no later than the first disclosure.

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Moldova Moldova Law No. 195/2024, rights of the data subject

Give a data subject, at collection, your identity and contact details, the purposes and legal basis of the processing, the recipients, any transfer abroad, the retention period and their rights, and where the data came from elsewhere, its source and the categories concerned.

Monaco Loi sur la Protection des Données Personnelles, droits de la personne concernée

Tell a person, at the point you collect their data, who you are, the purposes and legal basis of the processing, any legitimate interest relied on, the categories of data, the retention period or the criteria for setting one, whether a reply from them is mandatory, the right to withdraw consent, the recipients, how to exercise their rights, the right to complain to the Authority, whether automated decision making including profiling is in use, and any transfer outside Monaco and its safeguards.

Stop processing a person's data for direct marketing, including any profiling tied to it, the moment they object, and flag that right to them clearly and separately no later than the first communication.

Mongolia Law on Protection of Personal Data, decisions made without human involvement

Explain to a Mongolian data subject a decision made by processing their data electronically without human involvement, and its consequences.

Montenegro Law on Personal Data Protection, rights of the data subject from a date not yet set

Tell a data subject, when you collect their personal data directly, your name and address, the purpose of processing, the recipients or categories of recipients, and the existence of their rights of access and rectification, under Article 20, and give the same information no later than when processing begins where the data were not obtained from the data subject directly, under Article 21.

Morocco Law No. 09-08, rights of the data subject

Before or when you collect personal data directly from the data subject, tell them, expressly, precisely, and unambiguously, your identity, the purposes of the processing, and, where fair processing requires it, the recipients, whether their response is mandatory, and their access and rectification rights.

Where you did not collect the data from the data subject, give them that same information no later than the first disclosure to a third party, unless they already have it.

Mozambique Electronic Transactions Law, data subject rights and information notice

Where personal data was not collected from the data subject directly, give the subject the reason it was collected and your identity as the processor, by the time the data is first disclosed to a third party, unless notice is impossible, disproportionately burdensome, permitted by law, or the data is collected for statistical, historical, or scientific purposes.

Make available to any person specific information about your policies and practices for managing personal information, including who to contact with a complaint or question, how to obtain access to personal information you retain, and a description of the type of personal information retained and its general use.

Nevada Online Privacy Notice, opt-out of sale from a date not yet set

Post a privacy notice if you operate a commercial internet website or online service directed at Nevada residents, or act as a data broker.

Nicaragua Ley No. 787, Ley de Protección de Datos Personales, rights of data subjects

Before obtaining a data subject's personal data, tell them, expressly and clearly, the purpose and possible recipients, the existence and location of the file and who is responsible for it, whether answering is mandatory or optional, the consequences of refusing or of giving inaccurate data, and their rights of access, rectification, and cancellation.

Tell a data subject about the privacy policies you adopt and notify them of any change to those policies.

Niger Loi n° 2022-59, droits des personnes concernées

Give the data subject information about the processing no later than the time you collect their data.

Let a person know and contest the information and reasoning used in any processing of their data, automated or not, whose results are used against them, and, where the processing involves artificial intelligence, tell them the criteria and the nature of the personal data behind it from the point of collection.

Nigeria Nigeria Data Protection Act, 2023, rights of a data subject

Carry a clause on the right to lodge a complaint with the Commission in every regulation, policy, framework or legal instrument of yours that pertains to processing personal data, and answer a Standard Notice to Address Grievance a data subject serves on you.

Give a data subject the information section 27 of the Act requires in clear terms, taking their circumstances into account.

Paraguay Ley N° 7593/2025, derechos del titular de datos from , in 14 months

Tell a data subject what article 27 requires about the processing of their personal data.

Peru Ley 29733, rights of the data subject

Tell a person, in detailed, simple, express and unequivocal terms before collecting their personal data, the purpose of the processing, who its recipients are, the data bank's existence and its owner's identity and address, whether their answers are mandatory or optional, any transfer, how long you will keep the data, and how to exercise their rights; an easily accessible and identifiable privacy policy satisfies this for data collected online.

Tell a person when you engage a new processor after they gave consent, or when a merger, portfolio acquisition, or similar transfer gives their data a new data-bank owner.

Québec Automated decision-making notice and review right

Before or at the time you communicate a decision based exclusively on automated processing of personal information, tell the person that the decision was made this way.

Republic of the Congo Law No. 29-2019, rights of the data subject

At collection, give the data subject your identity, the purposes and categories of data, the recipients, whether a reply is obligatory or optional and the consequences of not replying, their right to be removed from the file, their rights of access and rectification, the retention period, and any transfer envisaged to a third country.

Let a data subject object to processing of their personal data on legitimate grounds, and tell them, before their data is first communicated to or used by a third party for prospecting, of their free right to object to it.

Rwanda Law relating to the Protection of Personal Data and Privacy, rights of the data subject

Before or when collecting personal data, tell the data subject your identity and contact details, the purposes and recipients, whether provision is mandatory, their rights including to withdraw consent, access, rectify, restrict, erase, object and appeal, the retention period, and the existence and consequences of any automated decision making.

San Marino San Marino Law No. 171, rights of the data subject

Give a data subject, at collection, your identity and contact details, the purposes and legal basis of the processing, the recipients, any transfer abroad, the retention period and their rights, and where the data came from elsewhere, its source and the categories concerned.

Sao Tome and Principe Lei n.º 03/2016, rights of the data holder

Inform the data holder, at collection, of your identity, the purpose of the processing, and their right of access and rectification, and where you did not collect the data from the holder directly, give that information by the time you register the data or before you first disclose it to a third party.

Senegal Loi n° 2008-12 du 25 janvier 2008 sur la Protection des Données à Caractère Personnel, droits de la personne concernée

Tell the person, at the time of collection, who is responsible for the processing, its purpose, the categories of data, whether a reply is mandatory or optional, and any recipients, and let them access, object to, correct, or delete their data on request.

Where you did not collect the data from the person directly, give them the same information when you record it or, if you plan to disclose it, no later than the first disclosure, unless it falls within the state-security, defence, criminal-enforcement, or major economic-interest exemption.

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Serbia Law on Personal Data Protection, rights of the data subject

Tell a person, at the time you collect their personal data from them, your identity and contact details, the purpose and legal basis of processing, the recipients, any cross-border transfer, the retention period, and their rights.

Where personal data was not collected from the person, give them the same information, plus its source and category, within a reasonable time and no later than when you first communicate with them or disclose the data to someone else.

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Somalia Data Protection Act, 2023, information to the data subject and rights of the data subject

Before you collect personal data, tell the data subject who you are, the basis and purposes of the processing, who you will share the data with, their rights and their right to complain to the Authority, and describe any automated decision-making and its likely consequences.

South Africa Protection of Personal Information Act, rights of data subjects

Before or when you collect personal information, tell the data subject what is being collected and its source, your identity, the purpose of collection, whether supplying it is voluntary or mandatory, any intended transfer to another country, and their rights of access, correction, objection and complaint to the Information Regulator.

South Korea Personal Information Protection Act, rights regarding automated decisions

An app that makes a decision about a Korean data subject using a fully automated system, including one applying artificial intelligence, that significantly affects the subject's rights or obligations, must let the subject object to or request an explanation of the decision, must not apply the decision over an objection absent a compelling reason or must reprocess it with human involvement, and must disclose the criteria and procedures it uses for automated decisions.

Spain GDPR Article 22 and LOPDGDD Article 11(2), Automated Decisions in Spain

If you use a person's data in Spain for profiling, state in the basic information you give them that they may object to a solely automated decision that produces legal or similarly significant effects on them, where GDPR Article 22 gives that right, under LOPDGDD Article 11(2).

Suriname Draft Law on the Protection of Privacy and Personal Data, rights of the data subject proposed

Give a data subject the transparency information article 10(3) lists, including your identity, the purposes and legal basis of processing, recipients, retention period, and their rights, at collection, or, where the data did not come from the data subject, within a reasonable time and at latest within one month.

Tajikistan Law on the Protection of Personal Data, data subject rights

An app must notify a Tajikistani data subject of the personal data collected about them and let them correct inaccurate or misleading data. An app that transfers a subject's data to a third party must notify the subject within three working days, naming the recipient, the purpose, and the data's source, unless the subject already consented to the transfer.

Togo Loi n° 2019-014, droits de la personne concernée

Tell a data subject, at the latest when you collect their personal data directly from them, your identity, the purposes of the processing, the categories of data and recipients, whether answering is mandatory, their right to be excluded from the file, their rights of access and rectification, the retention period, and any transfer abroad you envisage.

Let a data subject object, on legitimate grounds, to the processing of their personal data, and tell them before their data is first disclosed to or used by a third party for prospecting, offering a free right to object to it, unless the processing meets a legal obligation.

Tonga Privacy Act 2025, notification to data subjects and rights of data subjects from a date not yet set

At the time you collect personal information, tell the data subject your identity and contact details, that you are collecting it, the purpose including any direct marketing, whether sensitive personal information is collected and of what nature, and who the intended recipients are.

Tunisia Organic Act on the Protection of Personal Data, rights of the data subject

Give the person written notice, at least one month before processing their data, of its nature, the processing's purpose, whether their answer is mandatory or optional, the recipient's and your own identity and address, their rights of access, withdrawal and objection, the retention period, a summary of your security measures, and the destination country of any transfer.

Uganda Data Protection and Privacy Act, 2019, rights of data subjects

Before or as soon as practicable after collecting personal data, tell the data subject its nature and category, your name and address, the purpose, whether supplying it is discretionary or mandatory, the consequences of not providing it, the recipients, their rights of access and rectification, and the retention period.

Ukraine Draft Law No. 8153, automated decision making proposed

Once enacted, disclose your automated decision making mechanisms to a data subject in Ukraine, under Article 18.

Uruguay Ley N° 18.331, rights of data subjects

Before or when you collect personal data, tell the data subject expressly, precisely, and unambiguously the purpose of the processing and who may receive it, the existence and identity of the database's controller, whether answering is mandatory, the consequences of refusing or of inaccuracy, their rights of access, rectification, and challenge, whether the data will be transferred internationally, and, for an automated-decision process, the valuation criteria, the process applied, and the technology or program used.

Zambia Data Protection Act, 2021, rights of the data subject

Stop processing personal data for direct marketing as soon as the data subject objects, and bring the rights of objection to their attention clearly and separately at your first communication with them.

Zimbabwe Cyber and Data Protection Act, rights of the data subject

Give a data subject notice of who is responsible for processing and why, and let them access, object to, correct, or have deleted false or misleading personal data about them.

Make the disclosures section 15 requires when you collect personal information directly from the data subject.

Comprehensive regime

38 laws, 38 places
PlaceLawWhat it asks, as read here
Angola Law on the Protection of Personal Data

Obtain the data subject's consent or the APD's authorisation before processing personal data on their creditworthiness or solvency, unless the information comes from a publicly accessible source, and notify the data subject within sixty days of entering their data in a debtor file.

Argentina Ley 25.326, Ley de Protección de los Datos Personales

As a public body, create, modify, or suppress a database only through a general disposition published in the Official Gazette that states the file's characteristics and purpose, how data is obtained and updated, and where a data subject can exercise their rights.

Belarus Law of the Republic of Belarus On Personal Data Protection

As a republican public authority operator, publicize on your official website the information resources containing the personal data you own, under Article 16, paragraph 2.

Bhutan Information, Communications and Media Act of Bhutan 2018, data protection and privacy duties

An app that collects, uses, or discloses the personal data of an individual in Bhutan, including a voiceprint, faceprint, or other biometric identifier, must obtain the subject's express written permission before collecting it and must not disclose it to a third party without authorization. An ICT or media service provider or vendor must additionally publish a privacy policy, limit collection and use to what is reasonably appropriate, store and use data only for its intended purpose, and remain responsible for data it transfers to a third party.

Bolivia Reglamento para el Desarrollo de TIC, Tratamiento de los Datos Personales

Before asking someone for their personal data, tell them it will be processed, why, who may receive it, who is responsible for it and how to reach that party, and that they may exercise access, rectification, updating, cancellation, objection, and revocation rights.

Brazil Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados Pessoais (LGPD)

As a public body, publish clear, up to date information about the legal basis, purpose and procedures for any processing you carry out, name a person in charge for it, and do not pass on personal data you hold to a private entity except in the cases the law lists.

Cabo Verde Law No. 133/V/2001 on the Protection of Personal Data

Publish, through the CNPD's public register, or make available to anyone who asks, the particulars of a processing operation not covered by a legal provision.

California California Consumer Privacy Act, as amended by the California Privacy Rights Act (Proposition 24)

If your app is a for-profit business meeting the CCPA's revenue or data-volume threshold and it determines the purposes and means of processing a California consumer's personal information, honor the CCPA/CPRA's notice, opt-out, and non-discrimination duties before collecting, selling, or sharing that data.

Disclose at or before collection the categories of personal information you collect, your purpose for collecting it, and the retention period or the criteria you use to set it.

Canada Bill C-36, Protecting Privacy and Consumer Data Act proposed

Not yet in force. If enacted as proposed, would require organizations to be transparent about their use of automated decision making for significant decisions about individuals, set higher standards for handling children's information, and obtain meaningful consent supported by plain-language explanations.

Chad Loi n°007/PR/2015, principes directeurs du traitement des données (consentement, licéité, finalité, conservation)

Inform the data subject about the processing of their personal data, and process it confidentially and with security measures against unauthorized access.

Show the other 28 laws
Colorado SB 21-190, Colorado Privacy Act (CPA)

If you process the personal data of Colorado residents at the qualifying volume thresholds, give clear privacy notice and honor consumer requests to access, correct, delete, and port their data within 45 days.

Costa Rica Protección de la Persona frente al Tratamiento de sus Datos Personales

Before collecting a person's personal data, inform them of the purpose of collection and obtain their express, written consent, unless the data are publicly accessible or a law or judicial order compels disclosure.

El Salvador Ley para la Protección de Datos Personales

Before transferring personal data to another party, obtain the data subject's prior consent and tell them the transfer's purpose and the recipient's identity.

Equatorial Guinea Ley de Protección de Datos Personales

Before collecting a person's data, tell them plainly the purpose, destination, and recipients of the collection, whether answering is mandatory, and the consequences of refusing.

Ghana Data Protection Act

Tell a data subject, before or as soon as practicable after collecting their personal data, the nature of the data, your identity, the purpose of collection, the recipients, and whether supplying the data is mandatory or discretionary.

Jamaica Data Protection Act, 2020, registration, lawful basis and standards for processing

Give the data subject your identity, the identity of your data protection officer, the purposes of the processing, the recipients you contemplate disclosing to, the expected retention period and the legal authority for seeking the data, before you first process it.

Japan Act on the Protection of Personal Information, comprehensive regime and lawful basis

An app that collects, uses, or discloses the personal data of an individual in Japan must give notice of, or publicly disclose, its purpose of use before or promptly after collection, must not acquire the data by wrongful or deceptive means, and must confine use to the stated purpose unless a statutory exception or the data subject's consent applies.

Mexico Ley Federal de Protección de Datos Personales en Posesión de los Particulares (LFPDPPP)

Give the data subject a privacy notice, at or before the first collection of their personal data, stating your identity and address, the categories of data collected and which are sensitive, the purposes that require consent, the options to limit use or disclosure, the ARCO mechanisms, and how you will communicate any change to the notice.

Montenegro Law on Personal Data Protection from a date not yet set

Where you run video surveillance of business or official premises, display a public notice of it, avoid recording residential interiors or apartment entrances, and store the recordings for no longer than one year, under Articles 35 to 40.

Mozambique Electronic Transactions Law, Protection of Personal Electronic Data

Specify the purpose for collecting personal data and your identity as the processor before collecting it, and limit any later use to that stated purpose.

New Hampshire New Hampshire Data Privacy Act (NHDPA), general applicability and controller and processor duties

Limit personal data collection to what is adequate, relevant, and reasonably necessary, and describe your purposes in a privacy notice.

New Zealand Privacy Act 2020, Information Privacy Principle 3A (Indirect-Collection Notice)

If you collect personal information about an individual other than from that individual, including by scraping it from a third-party source, take reasonable steps to make the individual aware, as soon as practicable after collection, of the fact of collection, its purpose, the intended recipients, your identity, any legal authority for the collection, and their access and correction rights.

Nigeria Nigeria Data Protection Act, 2023 (NDPA), general data protection duties

Before deploying data processing software that tracks a data subject or opens a communication link with one, carry out an impact assessment, design it for privacy by design and by default, put a data privacy policy inside the software, and give a prospective user a privacy statement before installation.

North Macedonia Law on Personal Data Protection (LPDP), video surveillance

Publish a clear, visible notice that video surveillance is in place before operating it, naming the controller and explaining how to learn the place and storage period of the recordings, and notify employees of video surveillance on official or business premises.

Panama Ley 81 de 2019, Sobre Protección de Datos Personales

Present a clear, distinguishable privacy notice before collecting personal data online, and keep any bundled consent request identifiable from the rest of the terms.

Québec Act respecting the protection of personal information in the private sector, comprehensive regime

Before collecting personal information through technology with functions that identify, locate or profile the individual, disclose that use and the means available to activate those functions.

Saint Kitts and Nevis Data Protection Act, 2018 from a date not yet set

Before collecting personal data, tell the data subject the purpose of collection, the source of the data where available, the classes of third party it may be disclosed to, whether supplying the data is obligatory or voluntary, and how to request access or correction.

Saint Lucia Data Protection Act

Before collecting personal data directly from a person, tell them what is being collected, why, who will receive it, whether providing it is mandatory, the consequences of not providing it, and their rights to access, correct, and have it destroyed.

Samoa Telecommunications Act 2005, confidentiality and protection of customer personal information

Identify the purposes for which customer information is collected at or before collection, and do not collect, use, maintain, or disclose customer information for an undisclosed purpose without the customer's consent or legal authority.

Sao Tome and Principe Lei n.º 03/2016, Protecção de Dados Pessoais

Where your processing is exempt from notification, still give any person who asks your identity, the processing's purposes, and the data holder's rights of access and rectification.

Singapore Personal Data Protection Act, comprehensive consent-based regime

An app that collects, uses, or discloses the personal data of an individual in Singapore must obtain the individual's consent, or rely on a Part 3 or Schedule exception, and must state its purpose for the collection, use, or disclosure.

Solomon Islands Telecommunications Act 2009, Confidentiality and Consent Duties

Disclose to a consumer the purpose of collecting information about them, and do not use or maintain that information for an undisclosed purpose.

Tajikistan Law on the Protection of Personal Data, comprehensive regime

An app that collects or processes the personal data of individuals in Tajikistan must obtain the subject's consent, limit processing to a specific, predetermined, lawful purpose, and notify the subject of the data collected about them with a right to correction.

Trinidad and Tobago Data Protection Act, 2011

Make available to individuals your policies and practices for managing personal information, and give an individual the ability to challenge your compliance with these Principles and a timely, appropriate response.

Tunisia Organic Act on the Protection of Personal Data

Obtain the INPDP's prior authorization before using video surveillance, confine it to the listed categories of place, never pair it with audio recording, and post clear, permanent notice that it is in use.

Uruguay Ley N° 18.331, Personal Data Protection and Habeas Data Law, as amended

Communicate personal data to a third party only for a purpose directly tied to the sender's and recipient's legitimate interest, only with the data subject's prior consent, and only after telling them the purpose of the communication and identifying the recipient.

Utah Utah Consumer Privacy Act

Provide Utah consumers a reasonably accessible, clear privacy notice describing the categories of personal data you process, the purposes, how consumers may exercise their rights, and any third parties you share data with, if you meet UCPA's 25 million dollar revenue and consumer-volume thresholds.

Zambia Data Protection Act, 2021, personal data processing framework

Do not disclose personal data without the data subject's consent, and before any disclosure tell them when and to whom it will be disclosed, why, what policies will protect it, and how to complain.

Telephone contact

32 laws, 20 places
PlaceLawWhat it asks, as read here
Australia Telecommunications (Telemarketing and Research Calls) Industry Standard 2017

As soon as a call that is not a research call starts, give the caller's given name (unless the call uses only a recorded or synthetic voice), the business name of the caller's employer or, if self-employed, the caller's own business name, the name of whoever caused the call to be made, and the purpose of the call, unless the recipient ends the call first or the caller ends it within 5 seconds without speaking to them; for a research call, give the same information except that the identity of whoever caused the call may instead be given on request or before the call ends.

On request, give the contact details of the caller's employer or, if self-employed, the caller's own details, the contact details of whoever caused the call to be made, and the name and contact details of whoever handles inquiries or complaints; contact details must include a business name and an Australian number that can take voice calls during normal business hours, plus at least one current street, postal, email or web address.

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California Automatic Dialing-Announcing Devices Act

Before disseminating the prerecorded message, give the person called an unrecorded, natural-voice announcement stating the nature of the call and the caller's name and either an address or telephone number, ask whether the person consents to hear the prerecorded message, and, if the message uses an artificial voice (one generated or significantly altered using artificial intelligence), disclose that fact; disconnect the device when either party ends the call.

California Consumers Legal Remedies Act, Unsolicited Prerecorded Telephone Messages

Before disseminating an unsolicited prerecorded telephone message, first give the person answering an unrecorded, natural-voice statement of your name or the organization you represent and either your address or telephone number, and get that person's consent to listen to the prerecorded message.

California Unsolicited Advertisements by Facsimile Machine

Mark the date and time sent, your business or individual identity, and the telephone number of the sending machine or your business on the top or bottom margin, or the first page, of every fax communication you send to or from California, whether or not it is an advertisement.

Canada Telecommunications Act, Unsolicited Telecommunications and the National Do Not Call List

If you rely on one of those exemptions other than the survey exemption, identify at the beginning of the call the purpose of the telecommunication and the person or organization on whose behalf it is made, and maintain your own do-not-call list honouring anyone who has asked not to be contacted on that basis.

Connecticut Connecticut Telemarketing Act (Conn. Gen. Stat. 42-284 to 42-289, as substantially rewritten by Public Act 23-98)

Limit a telephonic sales call to between nine a.m. and eight p.m. local time; within ten seconds after the call begins, disclose your identity, the purpose of the call and, if applicable, the entity you represent; ask at the outset whether the consumer wishes to continue, end the call or be removed from your list; and end the call within ten seconds of the consumer indicating a wish to end it.

Do not install or use a device or service to circumvent a consumer's caller identification, and do not transmit inaccurate or misleading caller identification information.

Delaware Delaware Telemarketing Fraud Act

At the beginning of a solicitation call and before any sales pitch, disclose that the call's purpose is to sell specific merchandise, the telemarketer's name and the name of the seller on whose behalf the call is made, and accurate information about the merchandise offered.

Florida Florida Telemarketing Act

Do not intentionally prevent transmission of your name or telephone number to the party called when your equipment can create and transmit it, and do not use technology that displays a different caller identification number than the one the call actually originates from to conceal your identity.

Florida Florida Telephone Solicitation Act (section 501.059 as rewritten in 2021)

Identify yourself immediately, by your true first and last name and the business on whose behalf you are soliciting, upon making contact in an unsolicited telephonic sales call.

Transmit your originating telephone number, and your name where your carrier makes it available, to the caller identification service of anyone you place a telephonic sales call to, and do not intentionally alter your voice to disguise your identity in order to defraud, confuse, or injure the recipient.

Illinois Illinois Automatic Telephone Dialers Act

Disconnect within 30 seconds after the call ends; if that is not technically feasible, have a live operator state their name, the name, address, and telephone number of the business or organization represented, and the purpose of the call, and ask at the outset whether the called person consents to hear the prerecorded message.

Do not use an autodialer to dial numbers by successively increasing or decreasing digits, and do not operate it in a way that impedes a called party's caller ID display when your equipment can display your number.

Show the other 22 laws
Illinois Illinois Telephone Solicitations Act

As a live operator, immediately state your name, the name of the business or organization you represent, and the purpose of the call, ask at the outset whether the called person consents to the solicitation, and do not continue without that consent.

Do not solicit in a way that impedes a called party's caller ID display when your equipment can display your number.

Maryland Maryland prerecorded-message dialing and caller number blocking rules

If your telephone service or equipment lets you choose whether to display your number, do not block or otherwise prevent its transmission to the person you are soliciting.

Maryland Maryland Stop the Spam Calls Act of 2023

On every telephone solicitation, transmit your originating telephone number, and your name where your carrier makes it available, to the called party's caller identification service (the seller's name and customer service number may stand in), do not act to block that transmission, and do not use technology that displays a different number to conceal your identity.

Massachusetts Automatic Telephone Dialing Systems and Telephone Solicitation Disclosures

Before saying anything else besides a greeting, state your identity, the trade name of the person you represent, and the kind of goods or services you are offering, when soliciting a sale by telephone at a prospective buyer's residence, and do not use a plan, scheme, or ruse that misrepresents your true status or purpose for doing so.

Massachusetts Telemarketing Solicitation Act

Identify yourself, the company you are calling on behalf of, and the purpose of the call within the first minute of a telephonic sales call, before requesting, accepting, or arranging for payment, and disclose the ultimate seller's name and a complete and accurate description of the goods or services offered, including their retail value, plus the cost, any restrictions, and the refund and cancellation terms, before accepting payment.

Michigan Home Solicitation Sales Act, Telephone Solicitation Rules (as amended effective 2003)

At the start of a telephone solicitation to a residential subscriber, state your name and the full name of the organization or person on whose behalf the call is made, and provide on request a telephone number answered by a natural person who can describe the organization and the solicitation; do not intentionally block or interfere with the caller ID display of your number.

Michigan Telephone Companies as Common Carriers Act, Recorded Commercial Advertising and Caller Identification (section 25 as amended effective 1999)

Do not deliver or attempt to deliver intrastate commercial advertising while blocking the display of caller identification information the subscriber would otherwise see.

Montana Montana Telemarketing Registration and Fraud Prevention Act

When contacting a consumer, promptly and clearly disclose your identity, that the purpose of the call is to sell goods or services, the nature of the goods or services, and that no purchase or payment is necessary to win a prize or enter a prize promotion.

Montana Telephone Solicitation No-Call List Act

State your identity clearly at the start of every telephone solicitation call to a Montana residential subscriber, and do not knowingly block or circumvent the subscriber's caller identification service.

Nevada Nevada Deceptive Trade Practice Rules for Telephone and Text Solicitations

Do not block or otherwise intentionally circumvent a service used to identify you as the caller, and do not place an unsolicited call that such a service cannot identify by your telephone number or business name, unless identification is not technically feasible.

When soliciting a sale or lease by telephone, identify yourself, whom you represent and the purpose of the call within 30 seconds after the conversation begins.

Nevada Nevada Device for Automatic Dialing and Announcing Statute

Before a device for automatic dialing and announcing plays a prerecorded sales message, have a recorded or unrecorded natural voice tell the person who answers the nature of the call, including that such a device will deliver the message if they stay on the line, and give the name, address and telephone number of the business or organization you represent.

Whatever equipment you use, do not disseminate an unsolicited prerecorded sales message by telephone in the course of your business to a person with whom you have no preexisting business relationship unless a natural voice first gives the nature of the call and your business's name, address and telephone number.

Nevada Nevada Telephone Solicitation Registry (Do Not Call List)

Do not make an unsolicited call for the sale of goods or services to a number on the currently effective registry list, unless you have a preexisting business relationship with that person (a purchase or other financial transaction directly with you within the preceding 18 months), keep an internal do-not-call registry of people who asked you not to call, and send each such customer an annual written notice explaining how to join it.

New Hampshire New Hampshire Automatic Telephone Dialing Systems and Caller Identification Services Act

Disclose the name of the caller, the purpose of the call and any goods or services offered immediately after the called party answers, and configure the system to disconnect within 30 seconds after the called party hangs up.

Do not use per-call or per-line blocking, or any other method, to prevent your caller identification information from reaching the called party; that information must include a number at which you can receive calls and may not be misleading, inaccurate or deceptive.

Oklahoma Commercial telephone seller registration and unlawful telemarketing practices

Do not use equipment or techniques designed to block or avoid detection of your identity or telephone number by caller identification devices, and do not use automatic dialing equipment that results in more than five percent abandoned calls a day in a calling campaign.

Oklahoma Telephone Solicitation Act of 2022

Transmit your originating telephone number, and your name when your carrier makes it available, to the recipient's caller identification service; you may substitute the seller's name and its customer service number, answered during regular business hours, and any number you display must be able to receive calls and connect the caller to you or to the seller.

As a commercial telephone seller or salesperson, do not make a commercial telephone solicitation call before 8 a.m. or after 8 p.m. in the called person's time zone, or more than three such calls to one person in 24 hours on the same subject matter from any number, and do not block your name or number or display a different caller identification number to conceal your identity.

Oregon Oregon Registration of Telephonic Sellers

When you represent free items, offer metals, stones or minerals or an oil, gas or mineral interest, or offer office equipment or supplies below usual prices, give the prospective purchaser, at the time of the solicitation and before any sale, the street address you are calling from, your principal address, and the further information ORS 646.557 lists for that kind of offer.

Pennsylvania Telemarketer Registration Act

During the initial contact, disclose promptly the purpose of the call, your name and what you are selling; give the caller's name, the name of the person on whose behalf you call and, on request, a contact number or address; end the solicitation when the called party indicates they want to end it.

Do not act to block or falsify your name or number on the recipient's caller identification, or to circumvent, bypass or disable a call-screening product the subscriber uses, and do not use any technology or any synthetic or computer-generated messaging to defraud, deceive or mislead a subscriber.

Texas Automatic Dial Announcing Devices

State the nature of the call, your identity, and the number you are calling from within the first 30 seconds of the recorded message, add the pay-per-call disclosures where the call promotes such a service, and keep a solicitation message shorter than 30 seconds unless the device can recognize an answering machine and end the call within 30 seconds.

Texas Texas No-Call List, Facsimile Solicitation Notice, and Caller Identification Rules

When you make a facsimile solicitation from Texas, include in at least 12-point type your complete name and street address and a toll-free or local number answered by a person on weekdays from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. or that automatically deletes the recipient's number; on a stop request, send a written acknowledgment within 24 hours and make no further transmission to that number.

In making a telemarketing call, do not block your number, interfere with or circumvent a caller identification service, fail to provide caller identification information you are capable of providing, or transmit misleading caller identification information; you may substitute the name and number of the person on whose behalf you call.

United Kingdom PECR, Automated Calls, Facsimile and Live Telephone Calls for Direct Marketing

Get the called subscriber's prior consent before transmitting, or instigating the transmission of, recorded matter for direct marketing purposes by an automated calling or communication system (one that can automatically dial a sequence of numbers and play sounds that are not live speech), and either do not prevent presentation of your calling line's identity or present a line on which you can be contacted.

Whether or not the call is solicited, do not prevent presentation of your calling line's identity, or present a line on which you can be contacted, when making a call for direct marketing purposes.

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Virginia Virginia Telephone Privacy Protection Act

On a solicitation made by telephone call, identify yourself by your first and last name and name the person on whose behalf you are calling, promptly upon making contact.

On every solicitation, transmit your telephone number, and your name where your carrier makes it available, through a number at which any individual can ask during regular business hours not to receive solicitations (for a text message, a number that accepts a reply-text opt-out), and do not block that transmission or cause false or misleading caller-identification information to display; the seller's name and customer service number may be substituted.

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Washington Telephone Solicitation Act

Identify yourself and the company or organization on whose behalf you are calling, and the purpose of the call, within the first 30 seconds of a telephone solicitation call.

Sensitive categories

13 laws, 12 places
PlaceLawWhat it asks, as read here
Angola Law on the Protection of Personal Data, sensitive data categories

Post clear notice at any location with a video surveillance or electronic monitoring system that identifies people, stating that image or sound is captured and giving the controller's name, address, phone number and email.

Belgium Act of 30 July 2018 Article 10/1, Recorded Commercial Communications

Inform both parties of a call or communication recording, its precise purposes, and its storage period before recording it for proof of a commercial transaction with a person in Belgium, and erase the data once the transaction can no longer be challenged in court.

Benin Loi n°2017-20 portant Code du Numérique en République du Bénin, Livre V, données sensibles et mineurs

Where sensitive personal data is processed solely on the data subject's written consent, tell the data subject beforehand the reasons for the processing and the categories of staff who will access the data, in addition to the standard information notice.

Central African Republic Loi n° 24.001 portant protection des données à caractère personnel, données sensibles et mineurs

When a processing activity involves sensitive data or a particularly vulnerable person's data, put additional organizational and technical safeguards in place and give that person heightened information before you process it.

China Personal Information Protection Law, Sensitive Personal Information

Notify the individual of the necessity of the processing and its impact on their rights before collecting sensitive personal information.

Colombia Ley 1581 de 2012, Sensitive Categories and Children's Data

Do not process a child's or adolescent's personal data unless it is data of a public nature, and provide children, adolescents and their guardians with information and training on the risks of improper processing and on the safe, responsible use of their personal data.

El Salvador Ley para la Protección de Datos Personales, sensitive personal data and children

Guarantee the best interests of a child or adolescent in any processing of their data, and inform both the child and their parent or guardian, in clear and age appropriate language, before exercising the child's rights.

Florida Florida Digital Bill of Rights, sensitive data and biometric data definitions

Display the notice "NOTICE: This website may sell your sensitive personal data" and obtain consent before selling a qualifying consumer's sensitive personal data.

Gabon Law No. 025/2023, sensitive categories of personal data and children's data

Where your online service is aimed at children, build in privacy-protective technical measures such as marking and filtering, write information for them in terms they can understand, keep advertising, entertainment and games clearly distinct from content, never incite a child to buy goods or enter an online contract, and never use prizes, rewards or links to a non-compliant site to keep them engaged.

Gambia Personal Data Protection and Privacy Act, 2025, sensitive personal data and children's data from a date not yet set

Apply specific safeguards to any marketing or profiling directed at children, and put anything addressed to a child in clear, plain language they can easily understand.

Show the other 3 laws
Utah Genetic Information Privacy Act

Obtain a Utah consumer's initial express consent before collecting, using, or disclosing their genetic data through a direct-to-consumer genetic testing product or service, and give them a public privacy notice describing your data practices.

Utah Utah Consumer Privacy Act, sensitive and biometric data provisions

Give Utah consumers clear notice and an opportunity to opt out before processing their sensitive data, including biometric data such as a voiceprint, retina scan, iris scan, or fingerprint collected for the purpose of identifying a specific individual.

Vanuatu Data Protection and Privacy Act 2024, special categories and children's personal data

Before processing a child's personal data, obtain the consent of a parent, carer or legal guardian, communicate with the child in clear and plain language, and put appropriate age-verification mechanisms in place, unless the processing is in the child's legitimate interests or is necessary for preventive or counselling services offered directly to the child.

Commercial messages

9 laws, 9 places
PlaceLawWhat it asks, as read here
Australia Spam Act 2003, Unsolicited Commercial Electronic Messages

Every commercial electronic message with an Australian link, including a designated commercial electronic message, must clearly and accurately identify the individual or organisation who authorised it and include accurate contact information for them, reasonably likely to stay valid for at least 30 days.

Canada Canada's Anti-Spam Legislation

Every commercial electronic message must identify who sent it (and who it was sent on behalf of, if different), give the recipient information letting them readily contact that person, and include an unsubscribe mechanism using the same electronic means the message was sent by, or another electronic means if that is not practicable; the prescribed content and form of that information is set out in the Electronic Commerce Protection Regulations (CRTC), SOR/2012-36.

A request for express consent must clearly and simply set out the purpose for which consent is sought and identify who is seeking it (and on whose behalf, if different).

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European Union ePrivacy Directive

Never disguise or conceal the sender's identity, send without a valid address the recipient can use to ask that the messages stop, or encourage the recipient to visit a website that itself breaches Directive 2000/31/EC Article 6's disclosure rules.

Germany Gesetz gegen den unlauteren Wettbewerb, Commercial Electronic Messages

Never send an advertising message that disguises or conceals the sender's identity on whose behalf it is transmitted, that fails to identify the message clearly as a commercial communication with a clearly identifiable sender and clearly identifiable, easily accessible terms for any promotional offer or prize draw, or that invites the recipient to a website with the same failing.

Ireland Irish ePrivacy Regulations

Identify yourself (and, for a call or fax, give an address or telephone number) in every marketing call, automated-calling or fax communication, or email.

Never disguise or conceal your identity in a marketing email, never omit a valid address the recipient can use to stop future messages, and never send a message that breaches the Electronic Commerce Regulations 2003's sender-identification rules.

Michigan Unsolicited Commercial E-mail Protection Act

A commercial e-mail you intentionally send unsolicited through an e-mail service provider you knew or should have known is located in Michigan, or to an address you knew or should have known is held by a Michigan resident, must carry "ADV:" as the first four characters of the subject line, your legal name, correct street address, valid domain name and valid return e-mail address, and a toll-free number, return e-mail address or other easy electronic method the recipient can use to opt out, with a notice of it in print as large as most of the message; this labeling, identification and opt-out duty is not framed as a rule against falsity or deception.

Nevada Nevada Unsolicited Commercial Electronic Mail Liability Act

Before sending, or causing to be sent, email that includes an advertisement, either have a preexisting business or personal relationship with the recipient, obtain the recipient's express consent, or make the advertisement identifiable as promotional and clearly give your legal name, complete street address and email address, a notice of how to decline further advertising mail, and ADV or advertisement as the first word of the subject line.

United Kingdom PECR, Electronic Mail for Direct Marketing Purposes

Do not disguise or conceal the identity of the person on whose behalf a marketing message is sent, and always provide a valid address the recipient can use to ask you to stop.

Do not send a marketing message that breaks the Electronic Commerce (EC Directive) Regulations 2002's identification rules for commercial communications, or that encourages the recipient to visit a website that breaks them.

United States CAN-SPAM Act

Every commercial email must carry accurate header and routing information, a subject line that is not deceptive about the message's contents, clear and conspicuous identification that the message is an advertisement unless the recipient gave prior affirmative consent, a functioning return address or other opt-out mechanism, and a valid physical postal address of the sender.

Biometric privacy

7 laws, 6 places
PlaceLawWhat it asks, as read here
Colorado HB 24-1130, Privacy of Biometric Identifiers and Data

Before collecting a Colorado resident's biometric identifier such as a fingerprint, voiceprint, or facial geometry template, disclose in a clear and accessible manner what is collected, why, and how long it will be kept, and obtain the consumer's consent, whatever your app's overall personal-data processing volume.

Illinois Biometric Information Privacy Act (BIPA)

Obtain a written release, including informed consent or an accepted electronic signature, before collecting or capturing any retina or iris scan, fingerprint, voiceprint, or scan of hand or face geometry, after disclosing in writing the specific purpose and length of time the data will be collected, stored, and used.

Japan Act on the Protection of Personal Information, individual identification code and biometric provisions

An app that derives a faceprint, voiceprint, or other individual identification code from a person in Japan, including one derived from a photo, video, or audio recording, must give purpose-of-use notice and avoid wrongful acquisition under APPI's general rules, and must obtain the data subject's consent before disclosing the identifier to a third party.

Japan Act on the Protection of Personal Information, Specific Biometric Personal Information from a date not yet set

An app that handles a data subject's Specific Biometric Personal Information, an individual identification code converted from a bodily feature obtainable without special technology or great expense and of a kind the data subject cannot easily recognize is being captured, must, except in specified cases, notify the data subject in advance or place the purpose of use where the data subject can readily learn it; may not provide it to a third party under the ordinary opt-out mechanism; and must, on the data subject's request, cease using it or stop providing it to a third party without delay, unless a specified exception applies.

Kosovo Law No. 06/L-082 on Protection of Personal Data, use of biometric characteristics

In the private sector, apply the same necessity test, inform employees in writing in advance of the measures and their rights, and submit a detailed description of the proposed measures to the Agency for Information and Privacy before taking them.

New York City Biometric Identifier Information Law

A commercial establishment operating in New York City that collects, retains, converts, stores, or shares a customer's biometric identifier information must post a clear and conspicuous sign at every customer entrance disclosing that practice, and must never sell, lease, trade, or otherwise profit from transacting in biometric identifier information regardless of signage.

Texas Capture or Use of Biometric Identifier Act (CUBI), as amended by HB 149

Inform an individual and obtain consent before capturing their retina or iris scan, fingerprint, voiceprint, or record of hand or face geometry for a commercial purpose in Texas.

Cross border transfer

6 laws, 6 places
PlaceLawWhat it asks, as read here
Andorra LQPD, transfers of personal data to third countries or international organisations

Where no adequacy finding or appropriate safeguard applies, transfer personal data only under an Article 45(1) derogation, such as the data subject's informed explicit consent or contractual necessity, or, failing that, only under Article 45(2)'s narrow compelling-legitimate-interest exception, informing the Agency and the data subject.

Brazil LGPD, international transfer of data

Get the data subject's specific, highlighted consent before an international transfer that does not rest on an adequacy finding or another article 33 safeguard, telling them in advance that the operation is international.

China Personal Information Protection Law, Cross-Border Transfer

Give advance notice disclosing the overseas recipient's identity and contact details, and obtain the individual's separate consent, before transferring their personal information abroad.

Cuba Resolución 58/2022 (MINCOM), security and localization rules for personal data in electronic form

Let a telecommunications, application, or internet-service user access, update, and cancel their personal data on request, and disclose the purpose of data collection, privacy configuration options, and any tracking elements such as cookies.

Mexico Ley Federal de Protección de Datos Personales en Posesión de los Particulares, transfer of personal data

Before transferring personal data to a national or foreign third party, other than a persona encargada, communicate the privacy notice and the purposes of the processing to the recipient, and state in the notice whether the data subject accepts the transfer.

Trinidad and Tobago Data Protection Act, 2011, cross border disclosure of personal information

Once Part III is in force, before a public body discloses personal information to a party in another jurisdiction, tell the individual the purpose of the disclosure and the identity of the requester and the receiving jurisdiction's data protection body, and obtain the individual's consent.

Enforcement supervision

3 laws, 3 places
PlaceLawWhat it asks, as read here
Democratic Republic of the Congo Digital Code, Data Protection Authority and sanctions

As joint controllers, allocate your respective duties by transparent agreement, including how you will handle a data subject's rights, and make the essence of that agreement available to the data subject.

El Salvador Ley para la Protección de Datos Personales, enforcement and sanctions

Carry the burden of proving that you obtained consent or delivered the privacy notice, and, for an international transfer, that the transfer was lawful.

United States FTC Act Section 5, Unfair or Deceptive Acts or Practices (privacy and data-security enforcement)

Assess foreseeable privacy harms before deploying a system that collects or uses biometric identifiers derived from photographs, videos, or voice recordings, and disclose material facts about that collection.

Full text of the NIST Privacy Framework, public domain (a US government work). Every control of the framework.