Law / Frameworks / NIST CSF 2.0 / Protect
NIST CSF 2.0, ProtectPR.DS-01
The confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data-at-rest are protectedNIST Cybersecurity Framework, version 2.0, February 2024 (NIST CSWP 29), PR.DS-01
We read each law below as bearing on this control. That does not mean the control, done well, meets the law: what each law asks is on its own page. Law library as of .
- 116
- laws
- 98
- jurisdictions
- 3
- with court rulings behind them
- 5
- not yet in force
- 4
- proposed, not law
Related controls in other frameworks the same duties, in at least two laws we track, reach both
- NIST Privacy FrameworkPR.DS-P5 Protections against data leaks are implemented., 98 laws
- NIST Privacy FrameworkPR.AC-P4 Access permissions and authorizations are managed, incorporating the..., 7 laws
- NIST Privacy FrameworkPR.DS-P1 Data-at-rest are protected., 7 laws
- 12 more in the NIST Privacy Framework
- FINOS AIGFAIR-PREV-007 Legal and Contractual Frameworks for AI Systems, 110 laws
- FINOS AIGFAIR-PREV-008 Quality of Service (QoS) and DDoS Prevention for AI Systems, 109 laws
- FINOS AIGFAIR-PREV-012 Role-Based Access Control for AI Data, 109 laws
- 10 more in the FINOS AIGF
- ENISA NIS2 guidance2.1 Risk management framework, 38 laws
- ENISA NIS2 guidance3.1 Incident handling policy, 38 laws
- ENISA NIS2 guidance4.1 Business continuity and disaster recovery plan, 38 laws
- 5 more in the ENISA NIS2 guidance
A law in force is unmarked; the rest wear their state: not yet in force proposed
Comprehensive regime
59 laws, 59 jurisdictions| Jurisdiction | Law | What it asks, as read here |
|---|---|---|
| Law No. 124/2024 On the Protection of Personal Data |
Implement technical and organizational security measures appropriate to the risk, including pseudonymization and encryption, the ability to restore access after an incident, and a process for regularly testing their effectiveness. |
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| Loi n° 18-07 relative à la protection des personnes physiques dans le traitement des données à caractère personnel, modifiée et complétée par la loi n° 25-11 |
Implement technical and organisational measures appropriate to the risk, and choose a processor only for the sufficiency of its own security guarantees, governed by a written contract. |
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| LQPD, Llei 29/2021 del 28 d'octubre |
Put appropriate technical and organisational security measures in place, proportionate to the risk, before and during processing. |
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| Law on the Protection of Personal Data |
Implement technical and organisational measures adequate to the risk presented by the processing and the nature of the data, and keep a document describing the security measures, standards and procedures applied. |
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| Data Protection Act, 2013 |
Take practical security steps against loss, misuse, unauthorised or accidental access, disclosure, alteration or destruction of personal data, having regard to its sensitivity, where it is stored, and the reliability of personnel with access, and secure the same guarantees from any data processor you engage. |
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| Ley 25.326, Ley de Protección de los Datos Personales |
Adopt the technical and organizational measures needed to guarantee the security and confidentiality of personal data and to detect unauthorized or accidental deviations, and do not register personal data in a file that lacks adequate technical integrity and security conditions. |
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| Data Protection Act, 2019 |
Implement technical and organisational measures giving a level of security appropriate to the risk, including pseudonymisation and encryption of personal data, the ability to restore availability and access in a timely manner after a physical or technical incident, and a process for regularly testing their effectiveness. |
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| Loi n°2017-20 portant Code du Numérique en République du Bénin, Livre V (protection des données à caractère personnel) |
Implement appropriate technical and organizational measures against unauthorized or unlawful processing and against accidental loss, destruction, or damage, including pseudonymization and encryption where appropriate, and test their effectiveness regularly. |
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| Reglamento para el Desarrollo de TIC, Tratamiento de los Datos Personales |
Adopt technical and organisational measures, matched to the state of technology and the data's nature and risk, to keep personal data secure and prevent its alteration, loss, or unauthorised processing. |
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| Law on the Protection of Personal Data of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
Implement technical and organizational measures appropriate to the risk under Article 34, including pseudonymization and encryption where appropriate, and instruct anyone with access to personal data not to process it beyond the controller's authorization. |
Show the other 49 laws
| Data Protection Act, 2024 (Act No. 18 of 2024) |
Implement appropriate technical and organisational measures, including data protection by design and by default, to secure personal data at a level appropriate to the risk and to be able to demonstrate compliance with the Act. |
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| Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados Pessoais (LGPD) |
Adopt technical and administrative security measures suited to protect personal data against unauthorized access and accidental or unlawful destruction, loss, alteration, communication, or improper processing, from the design of the product or service through its execution. |
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| British Columbia | Personal Information Protection Act, comprehensive regime |
Protect personal information in your custody or under your control by making reasonable security arrangements against unauthorized access, collection, use, disclosure, copying, modification or disposal or similar risks. |
| Loi n°001-2021/AN du 30 mars 2021 portant protection des personnes à l'égard du traitement des données à caractère personnel |
Implement appropriate technical and organizational measures to protect personal data against accidental or unlawful destruction, loss, alteration, unauthorized disclosure or unauthorized access. |
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| Law No. 133/V/2001 on the Protection of Personal Data |
Obtain the CNPD's authorization, or point to a legal provision establishing the combination, before combining personal data from different filing systems, and ensure any combination is necessary and adequate for its purposes, avoids discrimination, and carries adequate security measures. Implement technical and organizational measures adequate to the risks and the nature of the data to protect personal data against accidental or unlawful destruction, loss, alteration, unauthorized disclosure or access, and choose a processor offering sufficient guarantees about those measures. |
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| Draft Law on Personal Data Protection, final draft proposed |
A data controller or processor must implement personal data protection by design and by default, and must secure personal data with technical and organizational measures against unauthorized access, collection, use, disclosure, copying, modification, or destruction, and against the loss of any storage medium on which it is held. |
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| Loi n° 24.001 portant protection des données à caractère personnel |
Take precautions appropriate to the data's nature and the risks involved to keep personal data secure, including protection against accidental or unlawful destruction, loss, alteration, or unauthorized access. |
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| Loi n°007/PR/2015, principes directeurs du traitement des données (consentement, licéité, finalité, conservation) |
Inform the data subject about the processing of their personal data, and process it confidentially and with security measures against unauthorized access. |
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| Superintendencia Circular on AI and Personal Data |
Adopt technological, human, administrative, physical and contractual security measures to prevent unauthorized access to, manipulation, destruction, or unauthorized use or circulation of personal data processed in an artificial intelligence system, and keep those measures auditable by the authorities. |
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| Protección de la Persona frente al Tratamiento de sus Datos Personales |
Adopt technical and organizational security measures to prevent the alteration, loss, or unauthorized access of personal data. |
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| Digital Code, Title III: Personal Data Protection |
Implement technical and organizational measures against unauthorized or unlawful processing and against accidental loss, destruction or alteration, confine internal access to what each role requires, and train staff on their data protection duties. |
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| Ley No. 172-13 sobre Protección Integral de los Datos Personales |
Adopt the technical, organizational, and security measures necessary to prevent the alteration, loss, or unauthorized access of personal data, and maintain adequate information policies with security and control measures for every archive, registry, or databank you keep. |
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| LOPDP, comprehensive personal-data protection regime |
Secure personal data with the technical and organisational measures articles 37 to 41 require, determined from a risk, threat and vulnerability analysis, and build data protection into the design of your processing and make it the default. |
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| Ley para la Protección de Datos Personales |
Maintain the technological, regulatory and procedural security measures the Entidad Rectora sets to keep personal data confidential, available and unaltered. |
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| Data Protection Act, 2022 (Act No. 5 of 2022) |
Take appropriate, reasonable technical and administrative measures to secure the integrity of personal information in your possession or under your control against loss, modification, damage, unauthorised destruction or unlawful access, and govern any data processor who processes information on your behalf by a written contract that requires the same measures. |
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| Personal Data Protection Proclamation |
Implement appropriate technical and organizational measures against unauthorized or unlawful processing and against accidental loss, destruction or damage, including pseudonymization and encryption, the ability to restore access to personal data after a physical or technical incident, and a process for regularly testing their effectiveness. |
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| General Data Protection Regulation, Principles Relating to Processing of Personal Data and Accountability (Article 5) |
Process personal data in a manner that ensures appropriate security of the personal data, including protection against unauthorized or unlawful processing and against accidental loss, destruction or damage, using appropriate technical or organizational measures (Article 5(1), point (f)). |
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| Loi n°001/2011 relative à la protection des données à caractère personnel, modifiée par la loi n°025/2023 |
Implement technical and organizational security measures adapted to the risk, including pseudonymization and encryption, and regularly test, assess and evaluate their effectiveness. |
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| Data Protection Act |
Take appropriate, reasonable technical and organisational measures to secure personal data against loss, damage, unauthorised destruction, and unlawful access, and require a data processor acting on your behalf to maintain the same measures under a written contract. |
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| Data Protection Act, No. 1 of 2023 from a date not yet set |
Take practical steps to secure personal data against loss, misuse, unauthorised access, alteration or destruction, and obtain a data processor's own security guarantees before letting it process personal data on your behalf. |
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| Data Protection Act, 2020, registration, lawful basis and standards for processing |
Take appropriate technical and organisational measures, including pseudonymisation and encryption, against unauthorised or unlawful processing of personal data and against its accidental loss, destruction or damage. |
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| Data Protection Act 2025 |
Implement appropriate technical and organisational measures against accidental or unlawful destruction, loss, misuse or alteration and unauthorised disclosure or access, taking into account the amount of personal data, the likelihood of harm, the extent of processing, the retention period, and the availability and cost of measures. |
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| Law No. 06/L-082 on Protection of Personal Data |
Put appropriate technical and organisational security measures in place, proportionate to the risk, before and during processing. |
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| Data Protection Act, 2011 (Act No. 5 of 2012) |
Take appropriate, reasonable technical measures to secure the integrity of personal information in your possession or under your control against loss, damage, unauthorised destruction or unlawful access, and govern any agent who processes information on your behalf by a written contract that requires the same measures. |
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| Telecommunications Act of 2007, Protection of Personal Information (§§ 51-52) |
Protect customer information and customer communications with security safeguards appropriate to their sensitivity. |
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| Electronic Transactions and Cyber Security Act, 2016, personal data processing and security duties (Part VII) |
Implement technical and organizational security measures appropriate to the risk, including where you transmit personal data over a network, to protect it against accidental or unlawful destruction, loss, alteration, or unauthorized disclosure or access. |
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| Personal Data Protection Bill, pending before the People's Majlis proposed |
A Controller or Processor must secure personal data with appropriate technical, physical or organizational measures against unauthorized or unlawful processing and against accidental loss, destruction or damage. |
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| Loi n° 2013-015, protection des données à caractère personnel |
Take every precaution useful to preserve the security of personal data, including preventing unauthorized access, deformation, or damage, and use a processor only where it offers sufficient security and confidentiality guarantees, which does not relieve you of your own duty to see those guarantees are met. |
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| Personal Data Protection Act 2025, government personal-data protection principles |
Store or process personal data with technical and organizational security measures that protect against unauthorized or unlawful processing and against unintentional loss, destruction, or damage, and limit access to staff who need it for their duties. |
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| Ley Federal de Protección de Datos Personales en Posesión de los Particulares (LFPDPPP) |
Establish and maintain administrative, technical, and physical security measures to protect personal data against damage, loss, alteration, destruction, or unauthorized use, access, or processing, at a level no lower than the measures you keep for your own information. |
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| Loi sur la Protection des Données Personnelles |
Take appropriate technical and organisational security measures, including pseudonymisation and encryption, proportionate to the risk of destruction, loss, alteration, or unauthorised disclosure of or access to the personal data you process. |
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| Law No. 09-08 on the Protection of Individuals with Regard to the Processing of Personal Data |
Implement technical and organizational measures appropriate to the risk and the state of the art, protecting personal data against accidental or unlawful destruction, accidental loss, alteration, unauthorized disclosure, and unauthorized access, including where the processing involves network transmission. |
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| Electronic Transactions Law, Protection of Personal Electronic Data |
Protect personal data against risk, loss, unauthorised access, destruction, unauthorised use, modification, or disclosure. |
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| Ley No. 787, Ley de Protección de Datos Personales |
Process personal data only to the extent adequate, proportional, and necessary for the stated purpose, and adopt technical and organizational security measures against unauthorized access, use, alteration, loss, disclosure, transfer, or dissemination. |
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| Loi n° 2022-59, protection des données à caractère personnel |
Keep personal data confidential and implement technical and organizational measures against unauthorized access, loss or damage, including pseudonymization, encryption, and data protection by design and by default. |
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| Ley 81 de 2019, Sobre Protección de Datos Personales |
Hand over stored personal data to a competent judicial authority only on a properly substantiated request, never in response to a bulk request, and, if you operate a public communications network, maintain the security measures this Law requires to protect it. |
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| Law relating to the Protection of Personal Data and Privacy |
Implement appropriate technical measures against loss, damage or destruction of personal data, verify regularly that they work, and keep them updated against new or identified risks. |
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| Data Protection Act, 2018 from a date not yet set |
Take practical steps to protect personal data from loss, misuse, unauthorised access, alteration or destruction, having regard to the nature of the data, its storage, and the personnel with access to it, and require a data processor you engage to give sufficient security guarantees and comply with them. |
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| Data Protection Act |
Take security measures appropriate to the risk of unauthorized access, alteration, or loss of personal data, taking the state of technology and the cost of the measures into account, and make sure staff know and follow them. |
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| Lei n.º 03/2016, Protecção de Dados Pessoais |
Implement appropriate technical and organizational measures against accidental or unlawful destruction, loss, unauthorized alteration, disclosure or access to personal data, choose a subcontractor offering sufficient guarantees, bind it by contract to your instructions and the same measures, and record that contract in a document with legally recognized probative value. |
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| Data Protection Act No. 005 of 2023 |
Implement appropriate technical and organisational measures to secure personal data, taking into account the amount and sensitivity of the data and the harm its loss or misuse would cause. |
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| Protection of Personal Information Act 4 of 2013 (POPIA) |
Secure the integrity and confidentiality of personal information in your possession with appropriate technical and organisational measures, identify the foreseeable risks to it, and keep those measures updated as risks change. |
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| Draft Law on the Protection of Privacy and Personal Data (Ontwerpwet Bescherming Privacy en Persoonsgegevens) proposed |
Take appropriate technical and organizational security measures against accidental or unauthorized access, destruction, loss, use, alteration, or disclosure of personal data, matched to the risk. |
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| Law No. 12 of 2024 on Protection of Electronic Personal Data |
Take the technical and organizational security measures the Authority approves to protect personal data against unauthorized or unlawful processing and against loss or damage, and appoint a data protection officer, registered with the Authority, if you are a legal person. |
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| Loi n° 2019-014, protection des données à caractère personnel |
Take appropriate technical and organizational measures to prevent unauthorized access to, alteration of, or loss of personal data, and keep the data usable regardless of changes in the storage technology used. |
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| Privacy Act 2025, comprehensive personal information protection regime from a date not yet set |
Implement appropriate and reasonable technical and organisational measures to prevent accidental, unauthorised or unlawful loss, misuse, destruction of or damage to personal information, and unlawful or unauthorised access to or processing of it. |
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| Data Protection and Privacy Act 2024, comprehensive personal data protection regime |
Process personal data with reasonable and appropriate security measures against unauthorised or unlawful processing and against accidental or unauthorised access, destruction, loss, use, modification or disclosure. |
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| General Regulation on the Protection of Personal Data for Vatican City State |
Where this Regulation binds your processing, identify the Data Controller as the Governorate, represented by the General Secretary, and put in place organizational and technical security measures suitable to protect the personal data you process. Appoint a Representative in writing where the Regulation calls for one, and record the activity in the Register of treatment activities. |
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| Data Protection Act, 2021, personal data processing framework |
Implement security safeguards proportionate to the risk, including pseudonymisation and encryption, measures against misuse, unauthorised access, modification, disclosure or destruction, and data protection policies, and review them periodically against the Commissioner's guidelines. |
Security baseline statutes
28 laws, 26 jurisdictions| Jurisdiction | Law | What it asks, as read here |
|---|---|---|
| Arkansas Personal Information Protection Act, reasonable security procedures |
Implement and maintain reasonable security procedures and practices appropriate to the nature of the personal information you acquire, own, or license, to protect it from unauthorized access, destruction, use, modification, or disclosure. |
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| Law No. 455-Z, Information System Operator's Duty to Protect Information (Article 40) |
Ensure the integrity and safety of the information your system holds. Take measures to prevent disclosure, loss, distortion, destruction, or unauthorized modification of that information, and to prevent blocking of legitimate access to it. |
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| Customer Records Act, Reasonable Security Procedures |
Implement and maintain reasonable security procedures and practices appropriate to the nature of the personal information you own, license, or maintain, to protect it from unauthorized access, destruction, use, modification, or disclosure. |
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| Data Security Law, Data Security Protection Obligations |
Take the technical measures and other necessary measures appropriate to your processing to keep your data secure. |
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| Protection of personal identifying information, reasonable security procedures duty |
Implement and maintain reasonable security procedures and practices, appropriate to the nature of the information and the nature and size of the business, to protect personal identifying information (a Social Security number, a personal identification number, a password or pass code, a state driver's license or identification card number, a government passport number, biometric data, an employer, student, or military identification number, or a financial transaction device) from unauthorized access, use, modification, disclosure, or destruction. |
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| Connected device provider's duty to protect recorded personal information with reasonable security measures |
Implement and maintain reasonable security measures to protect any personally identifying information collected through the connected device's camera or microphone from unauthorized access, acquisition, destruction, disclosure, modification or use. |
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| Protection of Social Security Numbers and Personal Information Act, safeguarding and destruction duty |
Safeguard the data, computer files and documents containing that personal information from misuse by third parties, and destroy, erase or make them unreadable before disposal. |
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| Computer Security Breaches, protection of personal information |
Implement and maintain reasonable procedures and practices to prevent the unauthorized acquisition, use, modification, disclosure, or destruction of that personal information, collected or maintained in the regular course of business. |
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| Security requirements for personal information (Security Breach Protection Amendment Act of 2020) |
Implement and maintain reasonable security safeguards, including procedures and practices appropriate to the nature of the personal information you hold and to your own nature and size. |
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| Florida Information Protection Act, data security and disposal duty |
Take reasonable measures to protect and secure data in electronic form containing personal information. The statute states no further content for what 'reasonable' requires beyond this general standard. |
Show the other 18 laws
| Personal Information Protection Act, data security duty |
Implement and maintain reasonable security measures to protect those records from unauthorized access, acquisition, destruction, use, modification, or disclosure. |
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| Disclosure of Security Breach Act, data base owner's duty to maintain reasonable security procedures and dispose of records |
Implement and maintain reasonable procedures, including taking any appropriate corrective action, to protect and safeguard from unlawful use or disclosure any personal information of Indiana residents you collect or maintain. |
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| Kansas Consumer Protection Act, reasonable security and records-destruction duty for holders of personal information |
Implement and maintain reasonable procedures and practices appropriate to the nature of the information, and exercise reasonable care to protect it from unauthorized access, use, modification, or disclosure. Being subject to and compliant with another federal or state law or regulation governing the same procedures and practices is deemed compliance with this duty. |
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| Digital Code, general cybersecurity duty on digital-object owners and holders |
Protect the confidentiality, integrity and availability of every digital object you own or hold in Kazakhstan, a category that expressly includes software you make available to others. |
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| Database Security Breach Notification Law, reasonable security procedures and destruction duty |
Implement and maintain reasonable security procedures and practices appropriate to the nature of the information, to protect personal information from unauthorized access, destruction, use, modification, or disclosure. |
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| Maryland Personal Information Protection Act (MPIPA), safeguards and secure-disposal duty |
Absent that safe harbor, implement and maintain reasonable security procedures and practices, appropriate to the nature of the personal information held and the size of the business, to protect it from unauthorized access, use, modification, or disclosure. |
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| Standards for the Protection of Personal Information of Residents of the Commonwealth |
For personal information you store or transmit electronically, build a computer-system security program with secure user authentication, access controls limiting records to those who need them, encryption of records transmitted across public networks or wirelessly and of personal information stored on a laptop or other portable device, up-to-date firewalls and operating-system security patches for any internet-connected system, up-to-date malware protection, and employee training on the security system. |
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| Ley Federal de Protección al Consumidor, Electronic Transaction Security Duty (Arts. 76 Bis, 76 Bis 1) |
Where you offer, market or sell goods, products or services to a consumer in Mexico through electronic, optical or other technological means, keep the information that consumer gives you confidential, and do not disclose or transmit it to another provider outside the transaction without the consumer's express authorization or a competent authority's request. Use an available technical security element to give security and confidentiality to that consumer information, and tell the consumer, before the transaction closes, the general characteristics of that element. |
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| Law on Information Security, General Security Measures |
Protect the confidentiality, integrity and availability of the data you process, store or transmit through the planning, design, construction, use, maintenance and decommissioning of that system (Article 15). |
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| Financial Data Protection and Consumer Notification of Data Security Breach Act, security procedures and practices duty |
Implement and maintain reasonable security procedures and practices appropriate to the nature and sensitivity of the personal information held and to the nature, size, and resources of the business and its operations, including safeguards that protect the information when it is disposed of. |
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| Security measures for a data collector accepting payment cards, encryption duty, and conditioned liability shield |
If you do not accept payment cards, do not transfer a Nevada resident's personal information through an electronic, nonvoice transmission other than a facsimile outside your secure system, and do not move a data storage device containing that personal information beyond your logical or physical controls, unless the data is encrypted using an encryption technology adopted by an established standards-setting body, with appropriate management and safeguards of the cryptographic keys. |
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| Security measures for data collectors maintaining personal information |
Implement and maintain reasonable security measures to protect those records from unauthorized access, acquisition, destruction, use, modification, or disclosure. |
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| Data Breach Notification Act, security and disposal duties |
Implement and maintain reasonable security procedures and practices, appropriate to the nature of the personal identifying information held, to protect it from unauthorized access, destruction, use, modification, or disclosure. |
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| Oregon Consumer Information Protection Act, requirement to develop safeguards for personal information |
Develop, implement and maintain reasonable administrative, technical and physical safeguards to protect the security, confidentiality and integrity of personal information, including its secure disposal. |
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| Identity Theft Protection Act of 2015, risk-based information security program |
Implement and maintain a risk-based information security program with reasonable security procedures and practices appropriate to your size and scope, the nature of the information, and the purpose for which it was collected, to protect the information from unauthorized access, use, modification, destruction, or disclosure and to preserve its confidentiality, integrity, and availability. |
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| Identity Theft Enforcement and Protection Act, business duty to protect sensitive personal information |
Implement and maintain reasonable procedures, including taking any appropriate corrective action, to protect that sensitive personal information from unlawful use or disclosure. The statute states no further content for what 'reasonable' requires beyond this general standard. |
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| Protection of Personal Information Act, reasonable procedures and records-destruction duty |
Implement and maintain reasonable procedures to prevent the unlawful use or disclosure of that personal information. The statute states no further content for what 'reasonable' requires beyond this general standard. |
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| Law on Cybersecurity, general cybersecurity duties on cybersecurity subjects |
Prevent unlawful disclosure, theft, loss, corruption, blocking, or falsification of data in your information systems and resources, and act promptly when such a case is detected. |
Sensitive categories
10 laws, 9 jurisdictions| Jurisdiction | Law | What it asks, as read here |
|---|---|---|
| Law on the Protection of Personal Data, sensitive data categories |
Notify the Agência de Protecção de Dados of sensitive-data processing carried out under a legal provision, and carry it out with guarantees of non-discrimination and special security measures. |
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| Law No. 133/V/2001 on the Protection of Personal Data, offence registers and special security measures |
Take the additional information security measures Article 25 lists for special-category and criminal-record data, including controlling entry to processing premises, controlling who can read, copy or alter data carriers, controlling use of and access to the processing systems, and logically separating health and sex life data, including genetic data, from other personal data. |
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| Law No. 133/V/2001 on the Protection of Personal Data, sensitive data categories |
Process health, sex life and sexual orientation data, including genetic data, only through a health professional or other person bound by professional secrecy, only for preventive medicine, work-capacity assessment, medical diagnosis, health or social care or health system management, and only once notified to the CNPD, with adequate information security measures. |
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| AB 1159 (2026), student personal information (KOPIPA, ELPIPA and the Higher Education Student Information Protection Act) from , in 7 weeks |
Implement and maintain reasonable security procedures and practices appropriate to the nature of the covered information (Section 22584(d)(1)). |
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| Rulebook on Processing Health and Other Personal Data in National Health Information Systems, Security Measures and Access Rules |
If you operate or build a system that stores or processes health or other personal data in a Croatian national or institutional health information system, process the data with appropriate security and confidentiality and apply pseudonymization, encryption, restoration and regular testing measures (Rulebook Articles 6 and 7). If you are a software provider in these systems, keep the personal data you learn permanently confidential and take the technical and organizational measures needed to secure confidentiality, integrity and availability (Article 9, paragraphs 2 and 3). |
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| Insurance Sector Law Article 181-3, Lawful Processing of Health Data by Insurers and Reinsurers |
Apply the measures Article 181-3 lists: a data protection officer, impact assessments, anonymization, pseudonymization or functional separation, encryption in transit with state-of-the-art key management, access restrictions, logging of the reason, date, time and person for each access, staff awareness, regular independent audit, sectoral codes of conduct and an internal policy on the principles of GDPR Article 5 (Article 181-3, paragraph 1, point 2). Never derogate from the encryption, access restriction, logging, staff awareness and internal policy measures (Article 181-3, paragraph 3). |
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| Ontario | Personal Health Information Protection Act, 2004, custodian and agent duties: consent, safeguards, information practices and marketing |
Take steps that are reasonable in the circumstances to protect personal health information against theft, loss and unauthorized use or disclosure, and records against unauthorized copying, modification or disposal. |
| Ley N° 6534/2020, de Protección de Datos Personales Crediticios |
Provide credit-reference services only as a credit-information company (a Buró de Información Crediticia) authorized by the Banco Central del Paraguay, supply them only to the identified users article 14 lists, keep credit data lawful, accurate, complete and up to date, retain it for no more than five years from the recorded event unless a special rule sets another period or the parties agree a shorter one, and protect it with security measures and a duty of secrecy. |
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| Law relating to the Protection of Personal Data and Privacy, sensitive personal data and children's data |
When processing sensitive personal data, build the capacity of staff involved, control who can access it, and apply technical and organisational measures appropriate to the risk, including storing it separately and applying tokenisation, pseudonymisation or encryption where appropriate. |
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| Lei n.º 03/2016, sensitive categories and suspect records |
Where you process health or sex-life data, including genetic data, for preventive medicine, diagnosis, care or health-service management, do so only through a health professional or another person bound by professional secrecy, notify NAPPD of the processing, and secure it with appropriate information-security measures. |
Sector security regimes
9 laws, 9 jurisdictions| Jurisdiction | Law | What it asks, as read here |
|---|---|---|
| Loi n° 1/10, Articles 3, 4(3) and 14: security-of-service duty and diligence penalty for network operators and service providers |
Exercise the diligence and competence necessary to prevent the disclosure of computer data you hold on behalf of a third party, or face a fine of 10,000,000 to 30,000,000 Burundian francs (BIF) under Article 14. |
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| DORA, Articles 5-16 (ICT Risk Management Framework) |
Continuously monitor and control the security and functioning of your ICT systems and deploy ICT security policies, procedures, protocols and tools that keep data available, authentic, intact and confidential at rest, in use and in transit. Document an information security policy, policies that limit physical and logical access to what is needed, strong authentication mechanisms and protection of cryptographic keys, ICT change management, and policies for patches and updates, and design network connections so that they can be instantaneously severed or segmented (Article 9). |
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| European Union (Digital Operational Resilience) Regulations 2025, ICT Systems and Continuity Duties of Financial Firms |
If you manage a UCITS fund, an alternative investment fund, or are a credit institution, investment firm or insurance or reinsurance undertaking in Ireland, have sound control and safeguard arrangements for electronic data processing, including network and information systems set up and managed in accordance with the DORA Regulation (S.I. No. 12 of 2025, regulations 2, 3 and 6). |
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| Banque du Liban Basic Circular No. 144 (Prevention of Electronic Criminal Acts) |
Adopt at least two-factor authentication for any user accessing the system from outside the bank or financial institution, fully encrypt highly sensitive data, filter inbound email, verify the security of devices employees use outside the institution, run penetration testing, monitor network traffic, and verify data integrity. |
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| Telecommunications Act 2007, Security Safeguards for Customer Information and Communications |
Ensure that customer information and customer communications in your custody or control are protected by security safeguards appropriate to their sensitivity. |
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| FSM Telecommunications Act of 2014, Security Safeguards for Customer Information |
Apply appropriate security safeguards to prevent the collection, use, maintenance, or disclosure of a customer's information without the customer's consent. |
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| New York Department of Financial Services Cybersecurity Regulation, Encryption of Nonpublic Information |
Implement a written policy requiring encryption that meets industry standards, to protect the nonpublic information you hold or transmit both in transit over external networks and at rest. If you determine that encrypting nonpublic information at rest is infeasible, secure it instead with effective alternative compensating controls that your Chief Information Security Officer has reviewed and approved in writing, and have that officer review the feasibility of encryption and the effectiveness of the compensating controls at least annually. |
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| Telecommunications Act 2009, Security Safeguards for Consumer Information |
Apply appropriate security safeguards to prevent the collection, use, maintenance, or disclosure of a consumer's information. |
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| Law on Communications, network and subscriber-information protection duties |
Ensure the safekeeping of subscriber information obtained on contracting and about services rendered, including their duration, content, and routing, and protect that information during automated processing. |
Cross border transfer
3 laws, 3 jurisdictions| Jurisdiction | Law | What it asks, as read here |
|---|---|---|
| Personal Data Protection Law, cross-border transfer of personal data |
Before any transfer of personal data outside Burkina Faso, obtain the CIL's authorization, sign a data confidentiality and reversibility clause with the receiving party letting data migrate back fully at the end of the contract, and put in place technical and organizational security measures covering encryption, availability, confidentiality, integrity and resilience. |
|
| Loi n° 2022-59, transfert transfrontalier des données |
Before any transfer, implement technical and organisational security measures, including encryption and measures for availability, confidentiality, integrity and system resilience, and obtain the HAPDP's authorisation for the transfer. |
|
| DOJ Data Security Program (Bulk Sensitive Personal Data Rule) |
Apply the required security safeguards to a restricted vendor, employment, or investment transaction that would give a country of concern or covered person access to that data. |
Enforcement supervision
2 laws, 2 jurisdictions| Jurisdiction | Law | What it asks, as read here |
|---|---|---|
| CCPA/CPRA Enforcement: California Privacy Protection Agency and Private Right of Action |
Maintain reasonable security procedures for a California consumer's unencrypted, unredacted personal information; a breach caused by their absence exposes your business to a private lawsuit for $100 to $750 in statutory damages per consumer per incident, which cannot be cured by improving security after the fact. |
|
| Cyber and Data Protection (Licensing of Data Controllers and Appointment of Data Protection Officers) Regulations, 2024 |
Process personal data securely by appropriate technical and organisational measures, including risk assessments, organisational policies, physical and technical measures across all data phases, and processes to test how effective they are and to make the improvements they show are needed. |
Vulnerability and incident reporting
2 laws, 2 jurisdictions| Jurisdiction | Law | What it asks, as read here |
|---|---|---|
| EUCC Certification Scheme, Vulnerability Impact Analysis Report and Disclosure |
Include in the report, where applicable, details about the possible means of exploitation of the vulnerability, and handle that information under appropriate security measures that protect its confidentiality and ensure, where necessary, its limited distribution (Article 35(3)). |
|
| Cybersecurity Law, Incident Response and Reporting Duties |
Apply technical measures to secure data processing, including personal-data processing, consistent with this Law, Vietnam's law on data, and its Law on Personal Data Protection. |
Adult content age verification (AV)
1 law, 1 jurisdiction| Jurisdiction | Law | What it asks, as read here |
|---|---|---|
| Protection of Children (Online Age Verification) Bill 2026 proposed |
Store the data collected and retained for age verification securely for a period of 5 years, using technical and organisational measures that provide a level of security appropriate to the harm that might result from accidental or unlawful destruction, loss, alteration or unauthorised disclosure of, or access to, the data. |
Product security requirements
1 law, 1 jurisdiction| Jurisdiction | Law | What it asks, as read here |
|---|---|---|
| Machinery Regulation, Protection Against Corruption and Safety and Reliability of Control Systems (Software and Cybersecurity Requirements) from , in 2 months |
Design a hardware component that transmits signal or data relevant for connection or access to software critical for compliance so that it is adequately protected against accidental or intentional corruption, and identify software and data critical for compliance as such and protect them adequately against accidental or intentional corruption (section 1.1.9). |
Social media and minors
1 law, 1 jurisdiction| Jurisdiction | Law | What it asks, as read here |
|---|---|---|
| Act 952 of 2025 (HB1717), Arkansas Children and Teens' Online Privacy Protection Act |
Establish, implement and maintain reasonable security practices to protect the confidentiality, integrity and accessibility of the personal information of children and teens. |
Full text of the NIST Cybersecurity Framework, public domain (a US government work). Every control of the framework.