Law / Frameworks / Crosswalk / NIST AI 600-1 to OWASP LLM Top 10

The NIST Generative AI Profile, mapped to the OWASP Top 10 for LLM Applications

6 of NIST AI 600-1's controls connect to 5 of OWASP LLM Top 10's through 224 laws in 125 jurisdictions. Two controls connect when the same duties, in at least 2 laws we track, reach both. The connections are our own reading of the law; no framework publisher has reviewed or endorsed them.

From: NIST Generative AI Profile, July 2024 (NIST AI 600-1), National Institute of Standards and Technology
To: OWASP Top 10 for LLM Applications, 2026 edition, August 2026, OWASP GenAI Security Project
See also: OWASP LLM Top 10 to NIST AI 600-1, the other way · every pair in the crosswalk · law library as of 19 Oct 2026

Download this mapping, with every law behind each connection: nist-ai-600-1--owasp-llm-top-10.csv · nist-ai-600-1--owasp-llm-top-10.json

NIST AI 600-1	OWASP LLM Top 10	Laws	Jurisdictions	Where the laws stand
GAI-RISK-04Data Privacy	LLM03:2026Excessive Agency	6	3	4 in force, 2 not yet in force
	The 6 laws behind GAI-RISK-04 and LLM03:2026 AI Act, Article 14 (human oversight), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months AI Act, Article 26(10) (post-remote biometric identification authorisation), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months Codice Penale Art. 437-bis, Omitted Safety Measures in High-Risk AI Systems and Unlawful Alteration of Them, Italy Decreto Legislativo 160/2026, After-the-Fact Facial Recognition Integrated in Video Surveillance (Art. 10), Italy Decreto Legislativo 160/2026, Police Biometric AI: Dataset Labelling and Real-Time Remote Identification (Artt. 7-9, 13), Italy Use of artificial intelligence in therapy or psychotherapy services, Maine
	LLM01:2026Prompt Injection	3	2	2 in force, 1 not yet in force
	The 3 laws behind GAI-RISK-04 and LLM01:2026 AI Act, Article 15 (accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months MiFID II Algorithmic Trading Controls: Resilient Systems, Testing, Kill Functionality, Records and Notification (Article 17 and RTS 6), European Union Codice Penale Art. 437-bis, Omitted Safety Measures in High-Risk AI Systems and Unlawful Alteration of Them, Italy
	LLM02:2026Sensitive Information Disclosure	3	2	2 in force, 1 not yet in force
	The 3 laws behind GAI-RISK-04 and LLM02:2026 AI Act, Article 15 (accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months MiFID II Algorithmic Trading Controls: Resilient Systems, Testing, Kill Functionality, Records and Notification (Article 17 and RTS 6), European Union Codice Penale Art. 437-bis, Omitted Safety Measures in High-Risk AI Systems and Unlawful Alteration of Them, Italy
	LLM04:2026Supply Chain	3	2	2 in force, 1 not yet in force
	The 3 laws behind GAI-RISK-04 and LLM04:2026 AI Act, Article 15 (accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months MiFID II Algorithmic Trading Controls: Resilient Systems, Testing, Kill Functionality, Records and Notification (Article 17 and RTS 6), European Union Codice Penale Art. 437-bis, Omitted Safety Measures in High-Risk AI Systems and Unlawful Alteration of Them, Italy
	LLM05:2026Data and Model Poisoning	3	2	2 in force, 1 not yet in force
	The 3 laws behind GAI-RISK-04 and LLM05:2026 AI Act, Article 15 (accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months MiFID II Algorithmic Trading Controls: Resilient Systems, Testing, Kill Functionality, Records and Notification (Article 17 and RTS 6), European Union Codice Penale Art. 437-bis, Omitted Safety Measures in High-Risk AI Systems and Unlawful Alteration of Them, Italy
GAI-RISK-07Human-AI Configuration	LLM03:2026Excessive Agency	78	37	50 in force, 27 not yet in force, 1 proposed
GAI-RISK-07Human-AI Configuration	The 78 laws behind GAI-RISK-07 and LLM03:2026 SB 63 (2026), Artificial Intelligence in Health Insurance Prior Authorization, Alabama Clinical Decision Support Systems Bias Mitigation Act (SB 503), California from 1 Jan 2027, in 2 months Employment Automated Decision Systems Act (SB 947), California from 1 Jul 2027, in 8 months Health Care Services Artificial Intelligence Act (AB 1979), California from 1 Jan 2027, in 2 months Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act (SB 53), California CSA Staff Notice 31-342, guidance for portfolio managers regarding online advice, Canada OSFI Guideline E-23, Enterprise-Wide Model Risk Management for Deposit-Taking Institutions (2017), Canada OSFI Guideline E-23, Model Risk Management (2027), Canada from 1 May 2027, in 6 months Amended Regulation 10-1-1 (2025), Governance and Risk Management Framework for Insurers' Use of External Consumer Data and Information Sources, Algorithms, and Predictive Models, Colorado HB 26-1139 (2026), Use of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care, Colorado from 1 Jan 2027, in 2 months and 68 more, every one in the free file.
GAI-RISK-08Information Integrity	LLM03:2026Excessive Agency	2	2	2 in force
GAI-RISK-08Information Integrity	The 2 laws behind GAI-RISK-08 and LLM03:2026 Practice Direction No. 1 of 2025, Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Court Proceedings, Jamaica Central Bank of Jordan Artificial Intelligence Framework for the Banking Sector, Version 1.0, Jordan
GAI-RISK-09Information Security	LLM03:2026Excessive Agency	158	112	152 in force, 5 not yet in force, 1 proposed
	The 158 laws behind GAI-RISK-09 and LLM03:2026 Penal Code, Part Twelve, Chapter One (Cyber Crimes and Punishment), Afghanistan Alabama Digital Crime Act, Computer Tampering, Alabama SB 63 (2026), Artificial Intelligence in Health Insurance Prior Authorization, Alabama Criminal mischief in the fourth degree, unauthorized computer access, Alaska Criminal use of a computer, Alaska Theft of services, unauthorized use of a computer system, Alaska Copyright Law, Sui Generis Database Producers Rights, Albania Criminal Code, Unauthorized Computer Access, Albania Code pénal, atteintes aux systèmes de traitement automatisé de données, Algeria Ordonnance n° 03-05, exception de citation, Algeria and 148 more, every one in the free file.
	LLM01:2026Prompt Injection	3	2	2 in force, 1 not yet in force
	The 3 laws behind GAI-RISK-09 and LLM01:2026 AI Act, Article 15 (accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months MiFID II Algorithmic Trading Controls: Resilient Systems, Testing, Kill Functionality, Records and Notification (Article 17 and RTS 6), European Union Codice Penale Art. 437-bis, Omitted Safety Measures in High-Risk AI Systems and Unlawful Alteration of Them, Italy
	LLM02:2026Sensitive Information Disclosure	3	2	2 in force, 1 not yet in force
	The 3 laws behind GAI-RISK-09 and LLM02:2026 AI Act, Article 15 (accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months MiFID II Algorithmic Trading Controls: Resilient Systems, Testing, Kill Functionality, Records and Notification (Article 17 and RTS 6), European Union Codice Penale Art. 437-bis, Omitted Safety Measures in High-Risk AI Systems and Unlawful Alteration of Them, Italy
	LLM04:2026Supply Chain	3	2	2 in force, 1 not yet in force
	The 3 laws behind GAI-RISK-09 and LLM04:2026 AI Act, Article 15 (accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months MiFID II Algorithmic Trading Controls: Resilient Systems, Testing, Kill Functionality, Records and Notification (Article 17 and RTS 6), European Union Codice Penale Art. 437-bis, Omitted Safety Measures in High-Risk AI Systems and Unlawful Alteration of Them, Italy
	LLM05:2026Data and Model Poisoning	3	2	2 in force, 1 not yet in force
	The 3 laws behind GAI-RISK-09 and LLM05:2026 AI Act, Article 15 (accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months MiFID II Algorithmic Trading Controls: Resilient Systems, Testing, Kill Functionality, Records and Notification (Article 17 and RTS 6), European Union Codice Penale Art. 437-bis, Omitted Safety Measures in High-Risk AI Systems and Unlawful Alteration of Them, Italy
GAI-RISK-10Intellectual Property	LLM03:2026Excessive Agency	11	8	10 in force, 1 not yet in force
GAI-RISK-10Intellectual Property	The 11 laws behind GAI-RISK-10 and LLM03:2026 Ordonnance n° 03-05, exception de citation, Algeria Copyright Act 2013, economic rights, computer program copying, and technological protection measures, Cook Islands AI Act, Article 16 (obligations of providers of high-risk AI systems), European Union from 2 Dec 2027, in 13 months Commission Guidelines on the scope of the obligations for providers of general-purpose AI models under the AI Act, European Union Loi n°1/87, exception de courte citation et revue de presse, Gabon Loi n°1/87, protection des recueils et compilations, Gabon Schutz technischer Massnahmen und Durchsetzung von Schrankenbestimmungen (Protection of Technological Measures), Germany Financial Services (Robotic and Artificial Intelligence Enabled Advisory Services) Rules 2021, Mauritius Decreto-Lei n.º 02/2017, exclusão das notícias do dia, revista de imprensa e citação, Sao Tome and Principe Decreto-Lei n.º 02/2017, protecção de compilações e exclusão das notícias do dia, Sao Tome and Principe and 1 more, every one in the free file.
GAI-RISK-12Value Chain and Component Integration	LLM03:2026Excessive Agency	146	107	143 in force, 3 not yet in force
GAI-RISK-12Value Chain and Component Integration	The 146 laws behind GAI-RISK-12 and LLM03:2026 Penal Code, Part Twelve, Chapter One (Cyber Crimes and Punishment), Afghanistan Alabama Digital Crime Act, Computer Tampering, Alabama Criminal mischief in the fourth degree, unauthorized computer access, Alaska Criminal use of a computer, Alaska Theft of services, unauthorized use of a computer system, Alaska Copyright Law, Sui Generis Database Producers Rights, Albania Criminal Code, Unauthorized Computer Access, Albania Code pénal, atteintes aux systèmes de traitement automatisé de données, Algeria Ordonnance n° 03-05, exception de citation, Algeria Ordonnance n° 03-05, protection des bases de données, Algeria and 136 more, every one in the free file.

Not connected to the OWASP LLM Top 10: 6 of NIST AI 600-1's controls

Short of 2 laws

The same duties reach these and a OWASP LLM Top 10 control, in fewer than 2 of the laws we track.

GAI-RISK-11 Obscene, Degrading, and/or Abusive Content: with LLM03:2026 through Use of artificial intelligence in therapy or psychotherapy services, Maine

No OWASP LLM Top 10 control on the same duties

Laws reach these, but no duty that reaches one of them also reaches a OWASP LLM Top 10 control.

GAI-RISK-03 Dangerous, Violent, or Hateful Content, 4 laws

No law we track reaches these

No duty in the laws we track reaches these controls.

GAI-RISK-01 CBRN Information or Capabilities
GAI-RISK-02 Confabulation
GAI-RISK-05 Environmental Impacts
GAI-RISK-06 Harmful Bias or Homogenization

How these connections are drawn

Each requirement line in the laws we track is read against the framework for its subject (the AI, scraping and news aggregation laws against the NIST AI RMF, the privacy, communications and age assurance laws against the NIST Privacy Framework, the cybersecurity laws against the NIST CSF 2.0); laws on liability and content moderation are not read against any framework yet. A line reaches either framework through a kind of duty its law carries, and only where that kind of duty also reaches, on that same line, the NIST framework for the line's own subject. Two controls connect when lines in at least 2 laws reach both. That says the same duties reach both; it does not say the two are alike, or that running either one does what a law asks.

Every duty line in the AI, scraping and news aggregation laws we track has been read against the framework for its subject.

Sources and licenses

OWASP GenAI Security Project, OWASP Top 10 for LLM Applications 2026, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Excerpted: only the first paragraph of each entry's Description is reproduced, verbatim.