TongaCopyright Act 2002, Reproduction of Newspaper Articles and Quotation Exceptions
Copyright Act 2002 (Act No. 12 of 2002, 2020 Revised Edition), ss. 10, 13
In force since .
A snippet reproduction rule binding public and private bodies.
- Obligation class
- Attribution
What it requires
- You may reproduce in a newspaper or periodical, or broadcast or communicate to the public, an article on a current economic, political or religious topic from a newspaper or periodical, or a similar broadcast work, without authorisation, unless the right has been expressly reserved on the copies or acknowledged in connection with an earlier broadcast.
- You may reproduce a short part of any published work in the form of a quotation, without authorisation, if the reproduction is compatible with fair practice, does not exceed the extent justified by the purpose, and is accompanied by an indication of the source and the author's name.
- Stay within fair practice and the extent justified by the purpose: neither section sets a numeric length cap, and going beyond those limits exposes you to the Act's ordinary infringement remedies.
These lines are LexLint's reading of the law's text.
In the frameworks
- NIST AI RMF
- MAP 4.1Approaches for mapping AI technology and legal risks of its components – including the use of third-party data or software – are in place, followed, and documented, as are risks of infringement of a third party’s intellectual property or other rights.
- NIST AI 600-1
- GAI-RISK-10Intellectual Property
- MIT mitigations Draft
- 3.2Data Governance
- FINOS AIGF
- AIR-PREV-007Legal and Contractual Frameworks for AI Systems
- AIR-DET-013Providing Citations and Source Traceability for AI-Generated Information
Our reading of where this law's duties sit in each framework. It never says that running a control meets the law. How we read a framework against the law
What this law does
Section 13(a) permits reproducing, in a newspaper or periodical, or broadcasting or otherwise communicating to the public, an article published in a newspaper or periodical on current economic, political, or religious topics, or a broadcast work of the same character, without the author's authorisation, unless the right to authorise that reproduction has been expressly reserved on the copies or acknowledged in connection with an earlier broadcast of the work.
Section 10 separately permits reproducing, in the form of quotation, a short part of any published work without authorisation, provided the reproduction is compatible with fair practice, does not exceed the extent justified by the purpose, and is accompanied by an indication of source and the author's name.
Neither section carries a numeric length cap, and going beyond either exception's fair-practice and extent-justified limits exposes the reproducer to the Act's ordinary infringement remedies, including a criminal fine of up to $20,000 or imprisonment of up to three years under section 29.
When LexLint raises it
When your app profile says your app reuses other publishers' content.
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