Crawls the web, in the Netherlands

Burgerlijk Wetboek Boek 6, art. 162 (BWBR0005289) · Read the law's page

• Do not infringe another person's right, or act in breach of a statutory duty or of what unwritten law holds proper in social intercourse, absent a justification (art. 162, tweede lid).
• Compensate the damage the other person suffers as a result of a wrongful act that can be attributed to you (art. 162, eerste lid).

Burgerlijk Wetboek Boek 6, arts. 231 to 234, 236 and 237 (BWBR0005289) · Read the law's page

• When you use standard terms in contracts, give the counterparty a reasonable opportunity to take notice of them, for example by handing them over before or when the contract is concluded (arts. 233 onder b and 234, eerste lid).
• To rely on electronic availability as the way of giving that opportunity, make the standard terms available electronically before or when the contract is concluded, in a way that lets the counterparty store them and consult them later (art. 234, tweede lid).
• Where the contract is not concluded electronically, obtain the counterparty's express consent before relying on electronic availability as the way of giving notice of the standard terms (art. 234, derde lid).
• Do not rely on a term in standard terms that is unreasonably onerous for the counterparty, because it is voidable (art. 233 onder a).
• Toward a counterparty who is a natural person not acting in the course of a profession or business, do not include a term on the list in article 236, which is treated as unreasonably onerous, and avoid one on the list in article 237, which is presumed to be (arts. 236 and 237).

Wetboek van Strafrecht, art. 138ab (BWBR0001854) · Read the law's page

• Do not access an automated work by breaching a security measure, a technical intervention, false signals or a false key, or a false identity; reading a public, unauthenticated page without defeating any access control has not itself been held to violate this article.
• After any access gained that way, do not copy, tap, or record the data stored on, processed by, or transferred through that system.

Databankenwet (BWBR0010591) · Read the law's page

• Do not extract or re-utilize the whole or a substantial part of a database's contents without the producer's authorization, and do not repeatedly and systematically extract or re-utilize insubstantial parts in a way that conflicts with the database's normal exploitation or unreasonably prejudices the producer.
• The right lapses fifteen years after the year the database's production was completed, or after it was first made public if earlier, unless a substantial new investment restarts the term.
• Data obtained from or generated by a connected product or related service within the meaning of Article 43 of the EU Data Act is not protected by this right.

Wet bescherming bedrijfsgeheimen, arts. 1-9 (BWBR0041459) · Read the law's page

• Do not obtain a trade secret without the holder's consent through unauthorized access to, or unauthorized appropriation or copying of, documents, objects, substances, materials or electronic files that the holder lawfully controls and that contain the secret or from which it can be derived, or through other conduct that is contrary to fair commercial practices (art. 2, eerste lid).
• Do not use or disclose a trade secret without the holder's consent where you obtained it unlawfully, or where doing so breaches a confidentiality agreement or another obligation not to disclose or to limit use of it (art. 2, tweede lid).
• Do not obtain, use or disclose a trade secret where you knew, or in the circumstances should have known, that it came directly or indirectly from a person who used or disclosed it unlawfully (art. 2, derde lid).
• Information is a trade secret only if it is not generally known among or readily accessible to the circles that normally deal with it, has commercial value because it is secret, and has been subjected to reasonable steps to keep it secret (art. 1).
• Obtaining a trade secret through observation, study, dismantling or testing of a product or object made available to the public is not unlawful obtaining, unless the person obtaining it is bound by a valid obligation limiting the obtaining (art. 3, eerste lid onder b).

Auteurswet, artt. 15n, 15o (BWBR0001886) · Read the law's page

• A research organization or cultural heritage institution may reproduce a work it lawfully accesses for text-and-data-mining scientific research without the rightsholder's consent, storing the reproduction with an appropriate level of protection.
• Any other miner with lawful access may do the same only where the rightsholder has not expressly reserved the right in an appropriate way, including by machine-readable means on a work made available online; check for such a reservation before mining.
• Keep a reproduction made under either exception only as long as needed for the text-and-data-mining purpose.

Wet op de naburige rechten, art. 7b (BWBR0005921) · Read the law's page

• Obtain the press publisher's permission before reproducing a press publication for online use by an information society service provider, or making it available to the public for that use (art. 7b, first paragraph).
• No permission is needed for private or non-commercial use by individual users, for hyperlinking to a press publication, or for the use of single words or very short extracts (art. 7b, second paragraph).

Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council

• Disclose to a person that they are interacting with a bot.
• Label synthetic content generated or manipulated by AI as artificially generated.

Implementatiewet richtlijn herziening productaansprakelijkheid, Kamerstuk 36906 · Read the law's page

• The bill excludes free-of-charge and open-source software (gratis en opensourcesoftware) that you develop or supply outside the course of a commercial activity (Art. 6:184a(3)(a)).
• If you develop, manufacture or produce a product, software included, or present yourself as its manufacturer by putting your name or trade mark on it, you answer as its manufacturer for damage a defect in it causes (Arts. 6:184a(1)(b) and (e), 6:187(1)(a)).
• Keep supplying the software updates and upgrades needed to maintain safety while the product is within your control: a defect due to software, a related service or a missing safety update is not excused because it arose after you placed the product on the market (Art. 6:185(2)).
• Meet the product safety requirements that apply to your product, safety-relevant cybersecurity requirements included: they count in deciding whether it is defective (Art. 6:186(1)(f)), and failing a mandatory requirement that protects against the damage suffered presumes it defective (Art. 6:188(2)(b)).
• Account for what your product learns or acquires after release: the effect of any ability to keep learning or to acquire new features is weighed in deciding whether it is defective (Art. 6:186(1)(e)).
• Be ready to give access to the relevant evidence you hold when a court orders it under Articles 194 and 195 of the Code of Civil Procedure; failing to do so presumes the product defective (Art. 6:188(2)(a)).
• If you manufacture outside the Union, the importer, your authorized representative or, where neither is established in the Union, the fulfillment service provider answers for the product alongside you (Art. 6:187(1)(c)).
• If you substantially modify a product outside its manufacturer's control and then place it on the market or put it into service, you are treated as its manufacturer (Art. 6:187(2)).
• If you distribute a product, or provide an online platform that lets consumers conclude distance contracts with traders, name the liable operator established in the Union or your own supplier within one month of the injured person's request, or you answer for the defective product (Art. 6:187(3) and (4)).
• Be able to show when you placed the product on the market or put it into service: you are not liable if you did not, or if it is plausible that the defect did not exist then (Art. 6:185(1)(a) and (c)).

Uitvoeringswet verordening artificiele intelligentie (Uitvoeringswet AI-verordening, UAIV), conceptwetsvoorstel, internetconsultatie 20 april 2026 tot 1 juni 2026 · Read the law's page

• As proposed, this bill designates the Netherlands' AI Act supervisors and their powers; it would create no separate duty on an operator of an AI system beyond the duties of the AI Act itself.