Trains models, in Saudi Arabia

Royal Decree No. M/19, Arts. 10, 15 publicly available source ground (9/2/1443H, 16 September 2021) · Read the law's page

• Do not assume Saudi personal data is outside the Personal Data Protection Law merely because it is publicly available; public availability, or having been collected from a publicly available source, is only a ground for collecting, repurposing, or disclosing it without the Data Subject's consent, not an exemption from the Law's other duties.

Royal Decree No. M/169 (14/8/1447H), Art. 12 and Implementing Regulation Art. 29, Copyright Law (published 13 February 2026) · Read the law's page

• Follow the licence terms that accompany software, applications and databases in Saudi Arabia, including terms that appear electronically on download, installation or use; a user who agrees to them is bound unless they are contrary to public order or morals.
• A licence term that waives a right the Copyright Law and its Regulation confer, or restricts a use the statutory exceptions allow, has no effect.

Royal Decree No. M/169 (14/8/1447H), Art. 26(4) and Implementing Regulation Art. 30, Copyright Law (published 13 February 2026) · Read the law's page

• Copy a work in Saudi Arabia to develop artificial intelligence products or algorithms only where the work was lawfully published, the copy was lawfully acquired and the copying goes no further than that purpose needs, and keep records of the type, source, purpose and date of each use to give to a competent authority hearing a dispute.
• Do not republish, distribute, make available or unnecessarily embed a work used for AI development in a final product without the rights holder's permission unless the work is in the public domain, and do not use it in a purely commercial framework unless the use is non-essential to the work or does not affect its normal exploitation.

Royal Decree No. M/169 (14/8/1447H), Art. 3(12), Copyright Law (published 13 February 2026) · Read the law's page

• Do not treat the data or materials in a Saudi database as protected merely because they are compiled: only a database that is original in the selection or arrangement of its contents is protected, the protection does not extend to the data or materials themselves, and the rights of authors in works the database contains are unaffected.

Royal Decree No. M/169 (14/8/1447H), Art. 33 copies of a computer program by the owner of a lawful copy, Copyright Law (published 13 February 2026) · Read the law's page

• You may make a new copy of a computer program you own a lawful copy of, without the author's permission or compensation, only for a purpose in Article 33, only to the extent that purpose needs, and you must destroy the new copy once the purpose ends or your ownership of the lawful copy ends (Article 33).
• Make no more than one copy when the purpose is a backup (Article 33(1)).
• Copy for maintenance only where the maintenance is necessary to use the software, whether on the authorized copy or for a person who owns a lawful copy (Article 33(2)).
• You may copy to correct technical errors, or to study, analyze and monitor how the software performs or functions in order to identify the ideas and theories behind the program (Article 33(3)).
• Copy and obtain the information needed for interoperability with a different system or program only if you are the licensed person (Article 33(4)).
• You may copy to test data security and fix security vulnerabilities (Article 33(5)).
• Keep any such use from conflicting with the normal exploitation of the work or unjustifiably prejudicing the legitimate interests of rights holders (Article 37(1)).

Royal Decree No. M/169 (14/8/1447H), Art. 47(5), Copyright Law (published 13 February 2026) · Read the law's page

• Do not circumvent, without justification, a technical protection measure that a rights holder uses to protect its rights in a work, performance, sound recording or broadcast programme; the offence carries imprisonment of up to one year and a fine of up to one million riyals, or either, without prejudice to any heavier penalty under another law.

Royal Decree No. M/169 (14/8/1447H), Arts. 3(11) and 9 computer programs and exclusive rights, Copyright Law (published 13 February 2026) · Read the law's page

• You need the author's permission to copy a work in any way or form, to translate it, and to modify, convert or adapt it into another form (Article 9(1)(a) and (b)).
• You need the author's permission to distribute a work; the distribution right is exhausted at the first distribution (Article 9(1)(c)).
• You need the author's permission to communicate a work to the public by wired or wireless transmission, including making it available so that the public can access it at any time and place (Article 9(1)(f)).
• You need the author's permission to rent a computer program for commercial purposes, unless the program itself is not the essential object of the rental (Article 9(1)(e)(3)).
• Keep any use you make under Articles 26 to 36 from conflicting with the normal exploitation of the work or unjustifiably prejudicing the legitimate interests of rights holders (Article 37(1)).