SpainTRLPI Article 129 bis, Press Publisher and News Agency Online Rights
Real Decreto Legislativo 1/1996 (Texto Refundido de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual) art. 129 bis, added by Real Decreto-ley 24/2021, de 2 de noviembre, art. 80.7 (BOE-A-2021-17910)
In force since .
A press publishers' right rule binding private bodies.
- Instrument type
- an act of a legislature
- Categories
- Linking framing
What it requires
- Applies to you if you are an information-society service provider using online the press publications of press publishers or news agencies established in Spain.
- Obtain the press publisher's or news agency's authorization before reproducing its press publication or making it available online (art. 129 bis(1)).NIST AI RMFMAP 4.1
- You need no authorization for hyperlinking, or for single words or very short, insignificant extracts whose use does not harm the publishers' investment (art. 129 bis(6)(b)-(c)).
- Negotiate authorizations in line with the principles of good faith, due diligence, transparency and free competition; disputes go to the Intellectual Property Commission (Comisión de Propiedad Intelectual) rather than a designated bargaining process.no control in the NIST AI RMF
These lines are LexLint's reading of the law's text.
In the frameworks
- NIST AI RMF
- MAP 4.1Approaches for mapping AI technology and legal risks of its components – including the use of third-party data or software – are in place, followed, and documented, as are risks of infringement of a third party’s intellectual property or other rights.
Our reading of where this law's duties sit in each framework, and in the NIST AI RMF, line by line beside each duty above. It never says that running a control meets the law. How we read a framework against the law
Who enforces it
Settledness
Disputes over the authorization agreement go to the Sección Primera of the Comisión de Propiedad Intelectual, whose resolutions can be appealed to the Spanish courts (Article 129 bis(3)(d)).
- As of
- Open questions
- Does a headline with a snippet of a given length fall within 'extractos muy breves o poco significativos' in Article 129 bis(6)(c) TRLPI, when the statute sets no length and conditions the exclusion on the use not harming the publishers' investment?
- Does the training of an LLM-based chatbot on press publications, or the display of their content in its responses, count as use 'para el uso en línea de sus publicaciones de prensa por parte de prestadores de servicios de la sociedad de la información' in Article 129 bis(1) TRLPI, the questions referred to the Court of Justice in Case C-250/25?
What this law does
Press publishers and news agencies established in Spain hold an exclusive reproduction and making-available right over their press publications for online use by information-society service providers, per Article 129 bis(1). The right does not reach hyperlinking, per Article 129 bis(6)(b).
It also does not reach the use of single words or very short, insignificant extracts that does not harm the publishers' investment and does not affect the effectiveness of the rights, per Article 129 bis(6)(c). The rights last two years counted from 1 January of the year following the date of publication of the press publication, per Article 130(3).
Negotiated authorizations must follow good-faith, due-diligence, transparency and free-competition principles, and disputes go to the Comisión de Propiedad Intelectual rather than a designated bargaining process.
When LexLint raises it
When your app profile says your app reuses other publishers' content.
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