BahrainCopyright Law, Facts Exclusion and Quotation Exception
Law No. 22 of 2006, Arts. 4, 21 (News Exclusion and Quotation Exception)
In force.
A snippet reproduction rule binding public and private bodies.
- Enforcement body
- Bahraini courts, on a rightful owner's civil action or a criminal complaint
- Instrument type
- an act of a legislature
What it requires
- You need not seek permission to use news of current events that is merely news reporting; it is excluded from copyright, though a collection of such items is protected where its selection or arrangement is creative.
- You may reproduce a brief section of a legally published work to quote it in another work, without permission or compensation, if the quotation serves a legitimate purpose and does not exceed the extent that purpose requires.
- Mention the source and the author's name where the source indicates them.
These lines are LexLint's reading of the law's text.
In the frameworks
- NIST AI RMF
- MAP 4.1Approaches for mapping AI technology and legal risks of its components – including the use of third-party data or software – are in place, followed, and documented, as are risks of infringement of a third party’s intellectual property or other rights.
Our reading of where this law's duties sit in each framework. It never says that running a control meets the law. How we read a framework against the law
If you get it wrong
Criminal exposureYes
Criminal exposure note
Article 65(1) subjects anyone who infringes a copyright protected under the Law, without prejudice to a severer penalty under the Penal Code or another law, to imprisonment of no less than three months and no more than one year and a fine of no less than BD 500 and no more than BD 4,000, or either penalty.
Penalty structure
Fine of BD 500 to BD 4,000 under Article 65(1); the same paragraph also allows imprisonment of three months to one year instead of or in addition to the fine.
- Rule
- Fixed only
- As of
- Currency
- BHD
- Fixed cap
- 4,000
What this law does
Article 4(3) excludes news of current events that may merely be news reports from copyright protection, so a bare fact or news item is never a protected work in Bahrain, whichever outlet reports it first; the Article's closing sentence nonetheless protects a collection of such items where the compilation is itself creative in its selection or arrangement.
Article 21(1) separately permits, without the author's permission and without payment of compensation, reproducing a brief section of a legally published work to quote it in another work, provided the quotation serves a legitimate purpose and does not exceed the extent that purpose requires, with the source and author's name mentioned where the source indicates them.
Neighbouring rights under the Law, covering performing artists and broadcasting organizations, do not extend to a print or online news publisher's own reporting. Article 81 provides that the Law takes effect from the day following the date of its publication in the Official Gazette. No source located states the resulting day.
When LexLint raises it
When your app profile says your app reuses other publishers' content.
Back to the example · Lint your app
Page updated .