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Law / United States / Michigan

AI-Generated Political Advertisement and Robocall Disclosure (Public Act 263 of 2023)

MCL 169.247, 169.259

In force since .

An AI transparency rule binding public and private bodies.

How the hook was established
express
What makes it apply
Place of effect
Obligation class
Content labelling, Disclosure
Audit expectation
none

What it requires

  • If a qualified political advertisement you create, originally publish, or originally distribute is generated in whole or substantially by artificial intelligence, include a clear and conspicuous disclosure that says so, sized and timed to the medium under MCL 169.259(1).
  • If a prerecorded campaign telephone message you send is generated in whole or substantially by artificial intelligence, include the disclaimer required by MCL 169.247.
  • You do not need the disclosure for a bona fide news broadcast that itself discloses the manipulation, for a paid broadcaster merely airing the ad, for a distribution platform that maintains and provides a stated compliance policy, for satire or parody, or for a business regulated by the Michigan Public Service Commission or the FCC.

These lines are LexLint's reading of the law's text.

In the frameworks

NIST AI RMF
  • MEASURE 2.8Risks associated with transparency and accountability – as identified in the MAP function – are examined and documented.
NIST AI 600-1
OWASP Agentic Top 10
  • ASI09Human-Agent Trust Exploitation
MIT mitigations Draft
  • 2.4Content Safety Controls
  • 4.1System Documentation
  • 4.2Risk Disclosure
  • 4.6User Rights & Recourse
FINOS AIGF
ETSI EN 304 223
  • 5.1.3-2Threats developers cannot resolve are passed to operators and on to end-users.
  • 5.3.1-1Users told where and how their data is used, accessed and stored, with developers informing operators.
  • 5.3.1-2.1That guidance covers proper use, limits and likely failure modes.

Our reading of where this law's duties sit in each framework. It never says that running a control meets the law. How we read a framework against the law

Identifiers refer to ETSI EN 304 223 V2.1.1 (2025-12), © ETSI 2025, all rights reserved. ETSI owns the standard; no ETSI text (titles or sentences) is reproduced here. The standard is free to download from ETSI.

If you get it wrong

Criminal exposureNo

Penalty structure

A first violation is a state civil infraction punishable by a fine of not more than $250; a second or subsequent violation is a state civil infraction punishable by a fine of not more than $1,000 for each violation, and each qualified political advertisement distributed or aired in violation is a separate violation.

Rule
Per violation only
As of
Currency
USD
Per violation unit
Violation
Per violation amount
1,000

What it makes you log

Logging duty

MCL 169.259 states the disclosure duty and its exceptions. Subsection (5) shields a distribution platform from liability for a missing disclosure if the platform can show that it provided notice of its own prohibition on undisclosed artificial-intelligence content. Proving that notice was given cannot be done without keeping some record of it, which is the implicit case, even though the subsection never uses the words log, record, or audit trail. MCL 169.247 states the parallel disclosure duty for a prerecorded telephone message with no comparable platform defense.

Kind
Implicit
As of
Provision
MCL 169.259(5)
Trigger
content_generation

What this law does

Drafted with AI

Drafted with AI from the cited sources under the direction of UnGovr staff. UnGovr holds editorial responsibility for this page. How this site is made

Research summary

Legal information, not legal advice. This is LexLint's own research summary of a public legal source, and it creates no attorney-client relationship. For decisions that matter, consult qualified counsel in the relevant jurisdiction. About LexLint

MCL 169.259, added to the Michigan Campaign Finance Act by Public Act 263 of 2023, requires a person, committee, or entity that creates, originally publishes, or originally distributes a qualified political advertisement generated in whole or substantially by artificial intelligence to include a clear and conspicuous disclosure, with format and duration requirements that vary by medium.

A companion amendment to MCL 169.247 requires the same disclosure on a prerecorded campaign telephone message generated in whole or substantially by artificial intelligence. The disclosure duty does not apply to a bona fide news broadcast that discloses the manipulation, a paid broadcaster, a distribution platform with a stated compliance policy, satire or parody, or a business regulated by the Michigan Public Service Commission or the Federal Communications Commission.

A first violation is a state civil infraction with a fine of up to $250; a second or subsequent violation carries a fine of up to $1,000 per violation, with each distributed or aired advertisement a separate violation.

When LexLint raises it

When your app profile says your app generates content with AI or places automated calls.

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