Privacy Act, 2075, enforcement and compensation

Privacy Act, 2075 (2018), Act Number 14 of 2075, ss.29-32

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What follows is LexLint's own research summary of this law, not legal advice.

In force since 18 September 2018.

An enforcement supervision rule binding public and private bodies.

As of 2 September 2026.

What it requires

An app that violates Nepal's Privacy Act in handling personal information, including a biometric identifier, exposes itself to a District Court criminal complaint (imprisonment up to three years or a fine up to NPR 30,000, or both) and to a direct civil compensation claim a harmed person may bring themselves in the District Court; Nepal has no dedicated Data Protection Authority.

If you get it wrong

Criminal exposureYes

Private right of actionYes

Criminal exposure note

Committing an offence under section 29(1) (e.g. unauthorized collection, use, or disclosure of personal information, including a biometric identifier) is punishable by imprisonment up to three years, a fine up to NPR 30,000, or both (s.29(2)). For the most serious listed offences (clauses (c), (m), (p), (q), (r), (s) and (t) of s.29(1)), the Government of Nepal itself prosecutes as plaintiff (s.29(3)).

Who enforces it

Enforcement body

The District Court system (judicial, complaint-driven); the Government of Nepal prosecutes as plaintiff for the most serious offences under s.29(3). No dedicated Data Protection Authority exists.

What this law does

Drafted with AI from the cited sources under the direction of UnGovr staff. UnGovr holds editorial responsibility for this page.

No Data Protection Authority or equivalent regulator is established by this Act; enforcement runs through the District Court. An aggrieved person may file a complaint within three months of the offending act, except for a defined subset of more serious offences, including a section 27(1) sensitive-information violation and a section 23 unauthorized-collection violation, where the Government of Nepal itself becomes the plaintiff.

Penalty is a single uniform band across every offence, imprisonment up to three years or a fine up to NPR 30,000, or both. Section 31 gives a genuine, court-mediated private right of action: a person harmed by an offence or other act under the Act may complain directly to the District Court for compensation, and the court shall order reasonable compensation paid by the offender if it finds compensation warranted.

When LexLint raises it

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Read the law

official English translation, Nepal Law Commission

Every line above is drawn from the primary source linked here, read on the date shown. This is a research summary, not legal advice.

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